NEFOPAM


Synonyms	Nefopam
Status
Molecule Category	UNKNOWN
ATC	N02BG06
UNII	4UP8060B7J
EPA CompTox	DTXSID2048535


Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Bioactive chemicals	Exact Similarity SubStructure	Threshold (%) >= 70

Structure


InChI Key	RGPDEAGGEXEMMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Smiles	CN1CCOC(c2ccccc2)c2ccccc2C1
InChI	InChI=1S/C17H19NO/c1-18-11-12-19-17(14-7-3-2-4-8-14)16-10-6-5-9-15(16)13-18/h2-10,17H,11-13H2,1H3

Physicochemical Descriptors

Property Name	Value
Molecular Formula	C17H19NO
Molecular Weight	253.35
AlogP	3.24
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor	2.0
Hydrogen Bond Donor	0.0
Number of Rotational Bond	1.0
Polar Surface Area	12.47
Molecular species	NEUTRAL
Aromatic Rings	2.0
Heavy Atoms	19.0

Reference

Journal : Mol. Pharmacol.

Title : Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.

PubMed ID : 23571415

DOI : 10.1124/mol.112.084152

Year : 2013

Volume : 83

Issue : 6

First Page : 1257

Last Page : 1267

Authors : De Bruyn T, van Westen GJ, Ijzerman AP, Stieger B, de Witte P, Augustijns PF, Annaert PP.

Abstract : Several recent studies show that inhibition of the hepatic transport proteins organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) and 1B3 (OATP1B3) can result in clinically relevant drug-drug interactions (DDI). To avoid late-stage development drug failures due to OATP1B-mediated DDI, predictive in vitro and in silico methods should be implemented at an early stage of the drug candidate evaluation process. In the present study, we first developed a high-throughput in vitro transporter inhibition assay for the OATP1B subfamily. A total of 2000 compounds were tested as potential modulators of the uptake of the OATP1B substrate sodium fluorescein, in OATP1B1- or 1B3-transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells. At an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 µM, 212 and 139 molecules were identified as OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 inhibitors, respectively (minimum 50% inhibition). For 69 compounds, previously not identified as OATP1B inhibitors, concentration-dependent inhibition was also determined, yielding Ki values ranging from 0.06 to 6.5 µM. Based on these in vitro data, we subsequently developed a proteochemometrics-based in silico model, which predicted OATP1B inhibitors in the test group (20% of the dataset) with high specificity (86%) and sensitivity (78%). Moreover, several physicochemical compound properties and substructures related to OATP1B1/1B3 inhibition or inactivity were identified. Finally, model performance was prospectively verified with a set of 54 compounds not included in the original dataset. This validation indicated that 80 and 74% of the compounds were correctly classified for OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 inhibition, respectively.

Reference

Journal : Mol. Pharmacol.

Title : Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.

PubMed ID : 23571415

DOI : 10.1124/mol.112.084152

Year : 2013

Volume : 83

Issue : 6

First Page : 1257

Last Page : 1267

Authors : De Bruyn T, van Westen GJ, Ijzerman AP, Stieger B, de Witte P, Augustijns PF, Annaert PP.

Reference

Title : Identification of inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 in-vitro cellular toxicity in human (Caco-2) cells using a large scale drug repurposing collection

DOI : 10.21203/rs.3.rs-23951/v1

Year : 2020

Authors : Bernhard Ellinger, Denisa Bojkova, Andrea Zaliani, Jindrich Cinatl, Carsten Claussen, Sandra Westhaus, Jeanette Reinshagen, Maria Kuzikov, Markus Wolf, Gerd Geisslinger, Philip Gribbon, Sandra Ciesek

Abstract : To identify possible candidates for progression towards clinical studies against SARS-CoV-2, we screened a well-defined collection of 5632 compounds including 3488 compounds which have undergone clinical investigations (marketed drugs, phases 1 -3, and withdrawn) across 600 indications. Compounds were screened for their inhibition of viral induced cytotoxicity using the human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2 and a SARS-CoV-2 isolate. The primary screen of 5632 compounds gave 271 hits. A total of 64 compounds with IC50 <20 µM were identified, including 19 compounds with IC50 < 1 µM. Of this confirmed hit population, 90% have not yet been previously reported as active against SARS-CoV-2 in-vitro cell assays. Some 37 of the actives are launched drugs, 19 are in phases 1-3 and 10 pre-clinical. Several inhibitors were associated with modulation of host pathways including kinase signaling P53 activation, ubiquitin pathways and PDE activity modulation, with long chain acyl transferases were effective viral inhibitors.

Reference

Title : Identification of inhibitors of SARS-Cov2 M-Pro enzymatic activity using a small molecule repurposing screen

DOI : 10.6019/CHEMBL4495564

Year : 2020

Authors : Maria Kuzikov, Elisa Costanzi, Jeanette Reinshagen, Francesca Esposito, Laura Vangeel, Markus Wolf, Bernhard Ellinger, Carsten Claussen, Gerd Geisslinger, Angela Corona, Daniela Iaconis, Carmine Talarico, Candida Manelfi, Rolando Cannalire, Giulia Rossetti, Jonas Gossen, Simone Albani, Francesco Musiani, Katja Herzog, Yang Ye, Barbara Giabbai, Nicola Demitri, Dirk Jochmans, Steven De Jonghe, Jasper Rymenants, Vincenzo Summa, Enzo Tramontano, Andrea R. Beccari, Pieter Leyssen, Paola Storici, Johan Neyts, Philip Gribbon, and Andrea Zaliani

Abstract : Compound repurposing is an important strategy being pursued in the identification of effective treatment against the SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease. In this regard, SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M-Pro), also termed 3CL-Pro, is an attractive drug target as it plays a central role in viral replication by processing the viral polyprotein into 11 non-structural proteins. We report the results of a screening campaign involving ca 8.7 K compounds containing marketed drugs, clinical and preclinical candidates, and chemicals regarded as safe in humans. We confirmed previously reported inhibitors of 3CL-Pro, but we have also identified 68 compounds with IC50 lower than 1 uM and 127 compounds with IC50 lower than 5 uM. Profiling showed 67% of confirmed hits were selective (> 5 fold) against other Cys- and Ser- proteases (Chymotrypsin and Cathepsin-L) and MERS 3CL-Pro. Selected compounds were also analysed in their binding characteristics.

Reference

Title : Cytopathic SARS-Cov2 screening on VERO-E6 cells in a large repurposing effort

DOI : 10.6019/CHEMBL4495565

Year : 2020

Authors : Andrea Zaliani, Laura Vangeel, Jeanette Reinshagen, Daniela Iaconis, Maria Kuzikov, Oliver Keminer, Markus Wolf, Bernhard Ellinger, Francesca Esposito, Angela Corona, Enzo Tramontano, Candida Manelfi, Katja Herzog, Dirk Jochmans, Steven De Jonghe, Winston Chiu, Thibault Francken, Joost Schepers, Caroline Collard, Kayvan Abbasi, Carsten Claussen , Vincenzo Summa, Andrea R. Beccari, Johan Neyts, Philip Gribbon and Pieter Leyssen

Abstract : Worldwide, there are intensive efforts to identify repurposed drugs as potential therapies against SARS-CoV-2 infection and the associated COVID-19 disease. To date, the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone and (to a lesser extent) the RNA-polymerase inhibitor remdesivir have been shown to be effective in reducing mortality and patient time to recovery, respectively, in patients. Here, we report the results of a phenotypic screening campaign within an EU-funded project (H2020-EXSCALATE4COV) aimed at extending the repertoire of anti-COVID therapeutics through repurposing of available compounds and highlighting compounds with new mechanisms of action against viral infection. We screened 8702 molecules from different repurposing libraries, to reveal 110 compounds with an anti-cytopathic IC50 < 20 µM. From this group, 18 with a safety index greater than 2 are also marketed drugs, making them suitable for further study as potential therapies against COVID-19. Our result supports the idea that a systematic approach to repurposing is a valid strategy to accelerate the necessary drug discovery process.

Assay Description	Organism	Bioactivity
Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B1-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM	Cricetulus griseus	102.9 %
Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B3-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM	Cricetulus griseus	100.94 %
Antiviral activity determined as inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 induced cytotoxicity of Caco-2 cells at 10 uM after 48 hours by high content imaging	Homo sapiens	-6.62 %
SARS-CoV-2 3CL-Pro protease inhibition percentage at 20µM by FRET kind of response from peptide substrate	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	29.17 %
Antiviral activity determined as inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 induced cytotoxicity of VERO-6 cells at 10 uM after 48 hours exposure to 0.01 MOI SARS CoV-2 virus by high content imaging	Chlorocebus sabaeus	-0.05 %	Antiviral activity determined as inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 induced cytotoxicity of VERO-6 cells at 10 uM after 48 hours exposure to 0.01 MOI SARS CoV-2 virus by high content imaging	Chlorocebus sabaeus	-0.05 %

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Cross References

Resources	Reference
ChEBI	88318
ChEMBL	CHEMBL465026
DrugBank	DB12293
DrugCentral	1891
FDA SRS	4UP8060B7J
PubChem	4450
SureChEMBL	SCHEMBL23646

CONTENTS

Structure
Chemical and Physical Properties
Related Entries