Resistance ratio, ratio of LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) greenhouse population TU7 to LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae laboratory strain SAMB measured after 48 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
8413.0
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Resistance ratio, ratio of LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) greenhouse population TU11 to LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae laboratory strain SAMB measured after 48 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
19.0
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Resistance ratio, ratio of LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) greenhouse population TU9 to LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae laboratory strain SAMB measured after 48 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
12.0
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Resistance ratio, ratio of LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) field population TU4 to LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae laboratory strain SAMB measured after 48 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
351.0
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Resistance ratio, ratio of LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) greenhouse population TU3 to LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae laboratory strain SAMB measured after 48 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
83.0
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Resistance ratio, ratio of LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) field population TU12 to LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae laboratory strain SAMB measured after 48 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
9.5
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Resistance ratio, ratio of LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) greenhouse population TU5 to LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae laboratory strain SAMB measured after 48 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
5.0
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Resistance ratio, ratio of LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) field population TU2 to LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae laboratory strain SAMB measured after 48 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
4.7
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Resistance ratio, ratio of LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) greenhouse population TU1 to LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae laboratory strain SAMB measured after 48 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
13.0
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Resistance ratio, ratio of LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) field population TU6 to LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae laboratory strain SAMB measured after 48 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
0.9
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Resistance ratio, ratio of LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) laboratory strain GSS to LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae laboratory strain SAMB measured after 48 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
1.5
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Acaricidal activity against adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) greenhouse population TU7 in bean leaves assessed as mortality applied at 1 bar pressure measured after 48 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
75093.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Acaricidal activity against adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) greenhouse population TU11 in bean leaves assessed as mortality applied at 1 bar pressure measured after 48 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
168.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Acaricidal activity against adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) greenhouse population TU9 in bean leaves assessed as mortality applied at 1 bar pressure measured after 48 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
112.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Acaricidal activity against adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) field population TU4 in bean leaves assessed as mortality applied at 1 bar pressure measured after 48 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
3136.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Acaricidal activity against adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) greenhouse population TU3 in bean leaves assessed as mortality applied at 1 bar pressure measured after 48 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
741.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Acaricidal activity against adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) field population TU12 in bean leaves assessed as mortality applied at 1 bar pressure measured after 48 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
85.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Acaricidal activity against adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) greenhouse population TU5 in bean leaves assessed as mortality applied at 1 bar pressure measured after 48 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
45.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Acaricidal activity against adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) field population TU2 in bean leaves assessed as mortality applied at 1 bar pressure measured after 48 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
42.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Acaricidal activity against adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) field population TU6 in bean leaves assessed as mortality applied at 1 bar pressure measured after 48 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
8.5
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Acaricidal activity against adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) greenhouse population TU1 in bean leaves assessed as mortality applied at 1 bar pressure measured after 48 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
115.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Acaricidal activity against adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) laboratory strain GSS in bean leaves assessed as mortality applied at 1 bar pressure measured after 48 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
13.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Acaricidal activity against adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) laboratory strain SAMB in bean leaves assessed as mortality applied at 1 bar pressure measured after 48 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
8.9
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Resistant ratio, LC50 for Tetranychus urticae FPY 14 (two-spotted spider mite) to LC50 for Tetranychus urticae GSS
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
1.0
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae FPY 14 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
12.77
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae GSS (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
54.53
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
Insecticidal activity against Tyrophagus putrescentiae from compound treated origin in compound treated rapeseed assessed as respiration ppm of co2 per gram of mite fresh weight per hr at sub-lethal concentration at 25 degC, 85% RH measured after 147 days
|
Tyrophagus putrescentiae
|
745.0
ppm/g/hr
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 9
First Page : 1227
Last Page : 1232
Insecticidal activity against Tyrophagus putrescentiae from control origin in compound treated rapeseed assessed as respiration ppm of co2 at sub-lethal concentration at 25 degC, 85% RH measured after 147 days
|
Tyrophagus putrescentiae
|
896.0
ppm/g/hr
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 9
First Page : 1227
Last Page : 1232
Insecticidal activity against Tyrophagus putrescentiae from compound treated origin in compound treated rapeseed assessed as increase in population rate at sub-lethal concentration at 25 degC, 85% RH measured after 147 days
|
Tyrophagus putrescentiae
|
None
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 9
First Page : 1227
Last Page : 1232
Insecticidal activity against Tyrophagus putrescentiae from control origin in compound treated rapeseed assessed as increase in population rate at sub-lethal concentration at 25 degC, 85% RH measured after 147 days
|
Tyrophagus putrescentiae
|
None
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 9
First Page : 1227
Last Page : 1232
Insecticidal activity against Tyrophagus putrescentiae in compound treated rapeseed assessed as decrease in population measured after 21 days
|
Tyrophagus putrescentiae
|
2.7
ug
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 9
First Page : 1227
Last Page : 1232
Insecticidal activity against Tyrophagus putrescentiae in compound treated rapeseed assessed as decrease in population at 0.15 to 150 ug/100 g of rapeseed measured after 21 days
|
Tyrophagus putrescentiae
|
None
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 9
First Page : 1227
Last Page : 1232
Insecticidal activity against Tyrophagus putrescentiae in compound treated rapeseed assessed as mortality after 147 days (Rvb = 2.4 ug/cm'2)
|
Tyrophagus putrescentiae
|
1.8
microg/cm2
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 9
First Page : 1227
Last Page : 1232
Insecticidal activity against Tyrophagus putrescentiae in compound treated rapeseed assessed as mortality (LD95) after 126 days (Rvb = 2.4 ug/cm'2)
|
Tyrophagus putrescentiae
|
1.6
microg/cm2
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 9
First Page : 1227
Last Page : 1232
Insecticidal activity against Tyrophagus putrescentiae in compound treated rapeseed assessed as mortality (LD95) after 105 days (Rvb = 2.4 ug/cm'2)
|
Tyrophagus putrescentiae
|
2.9
microg/cm2
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 9
First Page : 1227
Last Page : 1232
Insecticidal activity against Tyrophagus putrescentiae in compound treated rapeseed assessed as mortality (LD95) after 84 days (Rvb = 2.4 ug/cm'2)
|
Tyrophagus putrescentiae
|
2.3
microg/cm2
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 9
First Page : 1227
Last Page : 1232
Insecticidal activity against Tyrophagus putrescentiae in compound treated rapeseed assessed as mortality (LD95) after 63 days (Rvb = 2.4 ug/cm'2)
|
Tyrophagus putrescentiae
|
2.0
microg/cm2
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 9
First Page : 1227
Last Page : 1232
Insecticidal activity against Tyrophagus putrescentiae in compound treated rapeseed assessed as mortality (LD95) after 42 days (Rvb = 2.4 ug/cm'2)
|
Tyrophagus putrescentiae
|
2.4
microg/cm2
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 9
First Page : 1227
Last Page : 1232
Insecticidal activity against Tyrophagus putrescentiae in compound treated rapeseed assessed as mortality (LD95) after 21 days (Rvb = 2.4 ug/cm'2)
|
Tyrophagus putrescentiae
|
1.6
microg/cm2
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 9
First Page : 1227
Last Page : 1232
Insecticidal activity against Tyrophagus putrescentiae in compound treated rapeseed assessed as mortality (LD50) after 147 days (Rvb = 0.78 ug/cm'2)
|
Tyrophagus putrescentiae
|
0.16
microg/cm2
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 9
First Page : 1227
Last Page : 1232
Insecticidal activity against Tyrophagus putrescentiae in compound treated rapeseed assessed as mortality (LD50) after 126 days (Rvb = 0.78 ug/cm'2)
|
Tyrophagus putrescentiae
|
0.44
microg/cm2
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 9
First Page : 1227
Last Page : 1232
Insecticidal activity against Tyrophagus putrescentiae in compound treated rapeseed assessed as mortality (LD50) after 105 days (Rvb = 0.78 ug/cm'2)
|
Tyrophagus putrescentiae
|
1.14
microg/cm2
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 9
First Page : 1227
Last Page : 1232
Insecticidal activity against Tyrophagus putrescentiae in compound treated rapeseed assessed as mortality (LD50) after 84 days (Rvb = 0.78 ug/cm'2)
|
Tyrophagus putrescentiae
|
0.46
microg/cm2
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 9
First Page : 1227
Last Page : 1232
Insecticidal activity against Tyrophagus putrescentiae in compound treated rapeseed assessed as mortality (LD50) after 63 days (Rvb = 0.78 ug/cm'2)
|
Tyrophagus putrescentiae
|
0.24
microg/cm2
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 9
First Page : 1227
Last Page : 1232
Insecticidal activity against Tyrophagus putrescentiae in compound treated rapeseed assessed as mortality (LD50) after 42 days (Rvb = 0.78 ug/cm'2)
|
Tyrophagus putrescentiae
|
0.65
microg/cm2
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 9
First Page : 1227
Last Page : 1232
Insecticidal activity against Tyrophagus putrescentiae in compound treated rapeseed assessed as mortality (LD50) after 21 days (Rvb = 0.78 ug/cm'2)
|
Tyrophagus putrescentiae
|
0.44
microg/cm2
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 9
First Page : 1227
Last Page : 1232
Resistance ratio of LC50 for Bemisia tabaci (sweet potato whitefly) infested squash leaves to LC50 for Bemisia tabaci (sweet potato whitefly) infested cabbage leaves
|
Bemisia tabaci
|
7.5
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Induction effects of host plants on insecticide susceptibility and detoxification enzymes of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 1
First Page : 87
Last Page : 93
Authors : Xie W, Wang S, Wu Q, Feng Y, Pan H, Jiao X, Zhou L, Yang X, Fu W, Teng H, Xu B, Zhang Y.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The polyphagous B-biotype Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) has developed a high resistance to commonly used insecticides in China. To illustrate the induced changes by host plant, bioassay and biochemical research on five different host populations were investigated. RESULTS: Except for bifenthrin, all tested insecticides showed lower toxicity to the B. tabaci poinsettia population compared with other host populations. Moreover, four insecticides, the exceptions being abamectin and fipronil, showed highest toxicity towards the tomato population. The LC(50) values of the poinsettia population, particularly towards acetamiprid, were 14.8-, 10.3- and 7.29-fold higher than those of tomato, cucumber and cabbage respectively. The CarE activities of B. tabaci cabbage and cucumber populations were all significantly higher than those of poinsettia, cotton and tomato populations. The ratio of the cabbage population was 1.97-, 1.79- and 1.30-fold higher than that of poinsettia, cotton and tomato respectively. The frequency profiles for this activity also have obvious differences. The GST and P450 activities of the cucumber population were the lowest in the five host populations. CONCLUSION: Long-term induction of host plants for B-biotype B. tabaci could influence their susceptibilities to several insecticides. Rational selection and usage of insecticides for particular hosts will be helpful for resistance management and control of this species.
Resistance ratio of LC50 for Bemisia tabaci (sweet potato whitefly) infested squash leaves to LC50 for Bemisia tabaci (sweet potato whitefly) infested cotton leaves
|
Bemisia tabaci
|
7.5
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Induction effects of host plants on insecticide susceptibility and detoxification enzymes of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 1
First Page : 87
Last Page : 93
Authors : Xie W, Wang S, Wu Q, Feng Y, Pan H, Jiao X, Zhou L, Yang X, Fu W, Teng H, Xu B, Zhang Y.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The polyphagous B-biotype Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) has developed a high resistance to commonly used insecticides in China. To illustrate the induced changes by host plant, bioassay and biochemical research on five different host populations were investigated. RESULTS: Except for bifenthrin, all tested insecticides showed lower toxicity to the B. tabaci poinsettia population compared with other host populations. Moreover, four insecticides, the exceptions being abamectin and fipronil, showed highest toxicity towards the tomato population. The LC(50) values of the poinsettia population, particularly towards acetamiprid, were 14.8-, 10.3- and 7.29-fold higher than those of tomato, cucumber and cabbage respectively. The CarE activities of B. tabaci cabbage and cucumber populations were all significantly higher than those of poinsettia, cotton and tomato populations. The ratio of the cabbage population was 1.97-, 1.79- and 1.30-fold higher than that of poinsettia, cotton and tomato respectively. The frequency profiles for this activity also have obvious differences. The GST and P450 activities of the cucumber population were the lowest in the five host populations. CONCLUSION: Long-term induction of host plants for B-biotype B. tabaci could influence their susceptibilities to several insecticides. Rational selection and usage of insecticides for particular hosts will be helpful for resistance management and control of this species.
Resistance ratio of LC50 for Bemisia tabaci (sweet potato whitefly) infested poinsettia leaves to LC50 for Bemisia tabaci (sweet potato whitefly) infested cabbage leaves
|
Bemisia tabaci
|
3.19
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Induction effects of host plants on insecticide susceptibility and detoxification enzymes of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 1
First Page : 87
Last Page : 93
Authors : Xie W, Wang S, Wu Q, Feng Y, Pan H, Jiao X, Zhou L, Yang X, Fu W, Teng H, Xu B, Zhang Y.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The polyphagous B-biotype Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) has developed a high resistance to commonly used insecticides in China. To illustrate the induced changes by host plant, bioassay and biochemical research on five different host populations were investigated. RESULTS: Except for bifenthrin, all tested insecticides showed lower toxicity to the B. tabaci poinsettia population compared with other host populations. Moreover, four insecticides, the exceptions being abamectin and fipronil, showed highest toxicity towards the tomato population. The LC(50) values of the poinsettia population, particularly towards acetamiprid, were 14.8-, 10.3- and 7.29-fold higher than those of tomato, cucumber and cabbage respectively. The CarE activities of B. tabaci cabbage and cucumber populations were all significantly higher than those of poinsettia, cotton and tomato populations. The ratio of the cabbage population was 1.97-, 1.79- and 1.30-fold higher than that of poinsettia, cotton and tomato respectively. The frequency profiles for this activity also have obvious differences. The GST and P450 activities of the cucumber population were the lowest in the five host populations. CONCLUSION: Long-term induction of host plants for B-biotype B. tabaci could influence their susceptibilities to several insecticides. Rational selection and usage of insecticides for particular hosts will be helpful for resistance management and control of this species.
Insecticidal activity against Bemisia tabaci (sweet potato whitefly) infested cabbage leaves assessed as mortality after 48 hr by leaf dip method
|
Bemisia tabaci
|
145.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Induction effects of host plants on insecticide susceptibility and detoxification enzymes of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 1
First Page : 87
Last Page : 93
Authors : Xie W, Wang S, Wu Q, Feng Y, Pan H, Jiao X, Zhou L, Yang X, Fu W, Teng H, Xu B, Zhang Y.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The polyphagous B-biotype Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) has developed a high resistance to commonly used insecticides in China. To illustrate the induced changes by host plant, bioassay and biochemical research on five different host populations were investigated. RESULTS: Except for bifenthrin, all tested insecticides showed lower toxicity to the B. tabaci poinsettia population compared with other host populations. Moreover, four insecticides, the exceptions being abamectin and fipronil, showed highest toxicity towards the tomato population. The LC(50) values of the poinsettia population, particularly towards acetamiprid, were 14.8-, 10.3- and 7.29-fold higher than those of tomato, cucumber and cabbage respectively. The CarE activities of B. tabaci cabbage and cucumber populations were all significantly higher than those of poinsettia, cotton and tomato populations. The ratio of the cabbage population was 1.97-, 1.79- and 1.30-fold higher than that of poinsettia, cotton and tomato respectively. The frequency profiles for this activity also have obvious differences. The GST and P450 activities of the cucumber population were the lowest in the five host populations. CONCLUSION: Long-term induction of host plants for B-biotype B. tabaci could influence their susceptibilities to several insecticides. Rational selection and usage of insecticides for particular hosts will be helpful for resistance management and control of this species.
Resistance ratio of LC50 for Bemisia tabaci (sweet potato whitefly) infested poinsettia leaves to LC50 for Bemisia tabaci (sweet potato whitefly) infested tomato leaves
|
Bemisia tabaci
|
4.02
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Induction effects of host plants on insecticide susceptibility and detoxification enzymes of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 1
First Page : 87
Last Page : 93
Authors : Xie W, Wang S, Wu Q, Feng Y, Pan H, Jiao X, Zhou L, Yang X, Fu W, Teng H, Xu B, Zhang Y.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The polyphagous B-biotype Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) has developed a high resistance to commonly used insecticides in China. To illustrate the induced changes by host plant, bioassay and biochemical research on five different host populations were investigated. RESULTS: Except for bifenthrin, all tested insecticides showed lower toxicity to the B. tabaci poinsettia population compared with other host populations. Moreover, four insecticides, the exceptions being abamectin and fipronil, showed highest toxicity towards the tomato population. The LC(50) values of the poinsettia population, particularly towards acetamiprid, were 14.8-, 10.3- and 7.29-fold higher than those of tomato, cucumber and cabbage respectively. The CarE activities of B. tabaci cabbage and cucumber populations were all significantly higher than those of poinsettia, cotton and tomato populations. The ratio of the cabbage population was 1.97-, 1.79- and 1.30-fold higher than that of poinsettia, cotton and tomato respectively. The frequency profiles for this activity also have obvious differences. The GST and P450 activities of the cucumber population were the lowest in the five host populations. CONCLUSION: Long-term induction of host plants for B-biotype B. tabaci could influence their susceptibilities to several insecticides. Rational selection and usage of insecticides for particular hosts will be helpful for resistance management and control of this species.
Insecticidal activity against Bemisia tabaci (sweet potato whitefly) infested tomato leaves assessed as mortality after 48 hr by leaf dip method
|
Bemisia tabaci
|
115.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Induction effects of host plants on insecticide susceptibility and detoxification enzymes of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 1
First Page : 87
Last Page : 93
Authors : Xie W, Wang S, Wu Q, Feng Y, Pan H, Jiao X, Zhou L, Yang X, Fu W, Teng H, Xu B, Zhang Y.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The polyphagous B-biotype Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) has developed a high resistance to commonly used insecticides in China. To illustrate the induced changes by host plant, bioassay and biochemical research on five different host populations were investigated. RESULTS: Except for bifenthrin, all tested insecticides showed lower toxicity to the B. tabaci poinsettia population compared with other host populations. Moreover, four insecticides, the exceptions being abamectin and fipronil, showed highest toxicity towards the tomato population. The LC(50) values of the poinsettia population, particularly towards acetamiprid, were 14.8-, 10.3- and 7.29-fold higher than those of tomato, cucumber and cabbage respectively. The CarE activities of B. tabaci cabbage and cucumber populations were all significantly higher than those of poinsettia, cotton and tomato populations. The ratio of the cabbage population was 1.97-, 1.79- and 1.30-fold higher than that of poinsettia, cotton and tomato respectively. The frequency profiles for this activity also have obvious differences. The GST and P450 activities of the cucumber population were the lowest in the five host populations. CONCLUSION: Long-term induction of host plants for B-biotype B. tabaci could influence their susceptibilities to several insecticides. Rational selection and usage of insecticides for particular hosts will be helpful for resistance management and control of this species.
Insecticidal activity against Bemisia tabaci (sweet potato whitefly) infested cucumber leaves assessed as mortality after 48 hr by leaf dip method
|
Bemisia tabaci
|
462.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Induction effects of host plants on insecticide susceptibility and detoxification enzymes of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 1
First Page : 87
Last Page : 93
Authors : Xie W, Wang S, Wu Q, Feng Y, Pan H, Jiao X, Zhou L, Yang X, Fu W, Teng H, Xu B, Zhang Y.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The polyphagous B-biotype Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) has developed a high resistance to commonly used insecticides in China. To illustrate the induced changes by host plant, bioassay and biochemical research on five different host populations were investigated. RESULTS: Except for bifenthrin, all tested insecticides showed lower toxicity to the B. tabaci poinsettia population compared with other host populations. Moreover, four insecticides, the exceptions being abamectin and fipronil, showed highest toxicity towards the tomato population. The LC(50) values of the poinsettia population, particularly towards acetamiprid, were 14.8-, 10.3- and 7.29-fold higher than those of tomato, cucumber and cabbage respectively. The CarE activities of B. tabaci cabbage and cucumber populations were all significantly higher than those of poinsettia, cotton and tomato populations. The ratio of the cabbage population was 1.97-, 1.79- and 1.30-fold higher than that of poinsettia, cotton and tomato respectively. The frequency profiles for this activity also have obvious differences. The GST and P450 activities of the cucumber population were the lowest in the five host populations. CONCLUSION: Long-term induction of host plants for B-biotype B. tabaci could influence their susceptibilities to several insecticides. Rational selection and usage of insecticides for particular hosts will be helpful for resistance management and control of this species.
Insecticidal activity against Bemisia tabaci (sweet potato whitefly) infested cotton leaves assessed as mortality after 48 hr by leaf dip method
|
Bemisia tabaci
|
228.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Induction effects of host plants on insecticide susceptibility and detoxification enzymes of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 1
First Page : 87
Last Page : 93
Authors : Xie W, Wang S, Wu Q, Feng Y, Pan H, Jiao X, Zhou L, Yang X, Fu W, Teng H, Xu B, Zhang Y.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The polyphagous B-biotype Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) has developed a high resistance to commonly used insecticides in China. To illustrate the induced changes by host plant, bioassay and biochemical research on five different host populations were investigated. RESULTS: Except for bifenthrin, all tested insecticides showed lower toxicity to the B. tabaci poinsettia population compared with other host populations. Moreover, four insecticides, the exceptions being abamectin and fipronil, showed highest toxicity towards the tomato population. The LC(50) values of the poinsettia population, particularly towards acetamiprid, were 14.8-, 10.3- and 7.29-fold higher than those of tomato, cucumber and cabbage respectively. The CarE activities of B. tabaci cabbage and cucumber populations were all significantly higher than those of poinsettia, cotton and tomato populations. The ratio of the cabbage population was 1.97-, 1.79- and 1.30-fold higher than that of poinsettia, cotton and tomato respectively. The frequency profiles for this activity also have obvious differences. The GST and P450 activities of the cucumber population were the lowest in the five host populations. CONCLUSION: Long-term induction of host plants for B-biotype B. tabaci could influence their susceptibilities to several insecticides. Rational selection and usage of insecticides for particular hosts will be helpful for resistance management and control of this species.
Insecticidal activity against Bemisia tabaci (sweet potato whitefly) infested poinsettia leaves assessed as mortality after 48 hr by leaf dip method
|
Bemisia tabaci
|
278.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Induction effects of host plants on insecticide susceptibility and detoxification enzymes of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 1
First Page : 87
Last Page : 93
Authors : Xie W, Wang S, Wu Q, Feng Y, Pan H, Jiao X, Zhou L, Yang X, Fu W, Teng H, Xu B, Zhang Y.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The polyphagous B-biotype Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) has developed a high resistance to commonly used insecticides in China. To illustrate the induced changes by host plant, bioassay and biochemical research on five different host populations were investigated. RESULTS: Except for bifenthrin, all tested insecticides showed lower toxicity to the B. tabaci poinsettia population compared with other host populations. Moreover, four insecticides, the exceptions being abamectin and fipronil, showed highest toxicity towards the tomato population. The LC(50) values of the poinsettia population, particularly towards acetamiprid, were 14.8-, 10.3- and 7.29-fold higher than those of tomato, cucumber and cabbage respectively. The CarE activities of B. tabaci cabbage and cucumber populations were all significantly higher than those of poinsettia, cotton and tomato populations. The ratio of the cabbage population was 1.97-, 1.79- and 1.30-fold higher than that of poinsettia, cotton and tomato respectively. The frequency profiles for this activity also have obvious differences. The GST and P450 activities of the cucumber population were the lowest in the five host populations. CONCLUSION: Long-term induction of host plants for B-biotype B. tabaci could influence their susceptibilities to several insecticides. Rational selection and usage of insecticides for particular hosts will be helpful for resistance management and control of this species.
Toxicity against po dosed worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) administered through sugar water for 11 weeks measured everyday for 3 days followed by once a week for 11 weeks
|
Bombus terrestris
|
0.03
mgAi/L
|
|
Toxicity against po dosed worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) administered through sugar water for 11 weeks measured everyday for 3 days followed by once a week for 11 weeks
|
Bombus terrestris
|
0.36
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
Toxicity against worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) assessed as reduction in reproduction at 30 mg a.i./l, po administered through pollen for 11 weeks measured once a week for 11 weeks
|
Bombus terrestris
|
50.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
Contact toxicity against worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) assessed as reduction in reproduction at 30 mg a.i./l applied on the dorsal thorax for 11 weeks measured once a week for 11 weeks relative to control
|
Bombus terrestris
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
Toxicity against worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) assessed as mortality at 30 mg a.i./l, po administered through pollen measured after 7 weeks
|
Bombus terrestris
|
100.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
Toxicity against worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) assessed as mortality at 30 mg a.i./l, po administered through pollen for 11 weeks measured everyday for 3 days followed by once a week for 11 weeks
|
Bombus terrestris
|
90.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
Toxicity against worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) assessed as mortality at 30 mg a.i./l, po administered through sugar water for 11 weeks measured everyday for 3 days followed by once a week for 11 weeks
|
Bombus terrestris
|
50.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
Contact toxicity against worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) assessed as mortality at 30 mg a.i./l applied on the dorsal thorax measured up to 1 week
|
Bombus terrestris
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
Contact toxicity against worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) assessed as mortality at 30 mg a.i./l applied on the dorsal thorax for 11 weeks measured everyday for 3 days followed by once a week for 11 weeks
|
Bombus terrestris
|
100.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae LS-VL (two-spotted spider mite)
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
5.5
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Pyrethroid resistance in the tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi, is associated with mutation of the para-type sodium channel.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 8
First Page : 891
Last Page : 897
Authors : Nyoni BN, Gorman K, Mzilahowa T, Williamson MS, Navajas M, Field LM, Bass C.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi (Baker and Pritchard), is a serious pest of solanaceous crops in many African countries. In this study an investigation has been conducted to establish whether mutation of the para-type sodium channel underlies pyrethroid resistance in T. evansi strains collected in Southern Malawi. RESULTS: Two T. evansi strains from Malawi showed tolerance to the organophosphate chlorpyrifos and resistance (20-40-fold) to the pyrethroid bifenthrin, but were susceptible to two contemporary acaricides (abamectin and fenpyroximate) in insecticide bioassays. Cloning of a 3.1 kb fragment (domains IIS5 to IVS5) of the T. evansi para gene from pyrethroid-resistant and pyrethroid-susceptible strains revealed a single non-synonymous mutation in the resistant strains that results in an amino acid substitution (M918T) within the domain II region of the channel. Although novel to mites, this mutation confers high levels of resistance to pyrethroids in several insect species where it has always been associated with another mutation (L1014F). This is the first report of the M918T mutation in the absence of L1014F in any arthropod species. Diagnostic tools were developed that allow sensitive detection of this mutation in individual mites. CONCLUSION: This is the first study of pyrethroid resistance in T. evansi and provides contemporary information for resistance management of this pest in Southern Malawi.
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus evansi R2 in clean French bean leaf assessed as mortality at 26 degC and 16 hr day length measured after 48 hr by microimmersion protocol
|
Tetranychus evansi
|
3560.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Pyrethroid resistance in the tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi, is associated with mutation of the para-type sodium channel.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 8
First Page : 891
Last Page : 897
Authors : Nyoni BN, Gorman K, Mzilahowa T, Williamson MS, Navajas M, Field LM, Bass C.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi (Baker and Pritchard), is a serious pest of solanaceous crops in many African countries. In this study an investigation has been conducted to establish whether mutation of the para-type sodium channel underlies pyrethroid resistance in T. evansi strains collected in Southern Malawi. RESULTS: Two T. evansi strains from Malawi showed tolerance to the organophosphate chlorpyrifos and resistance (20-40-fold) to the pyrethroid bifenthrin, but were susceptible to two contemporary acaricides (abamectin and fenpyroximate) in insecticide bioassays. Cloning of a 3.1 kb fragment (domains IIS5 to IVS5) of the T. evansi para gene from pyrethroid-resistant and pyrethroid-susceptible strains revealed a single non-synonymous mutation in the resistant strains that results in an amino acid substitution (M918T) within the domain II region of the channel. Although novel to mites, this mutation confers high levels of resistance to pyrethroids in several insect species where it has always been associated with another mutation (L1014F). This is the first report of the M918T mutation in the absence of L1014F in any arthropod species. Diagnostic tools were developed that allow sensitive detection of this mutation in individual mites. CONCLUSION: This is the first study of pyrethroid resistance in T. evansi and provides contemporary information for resistance management of this pest in Southern Malawi.
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus evansi R1 in clean French bean leaf assessed as mortality at 26 degC and 16 hr day length measured after 48 hr by microimmersion protocol
|
Tetranychus evansi
|
1858.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Pyrethroid resistance in the tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi, is associated with mutation of the para-type sodium channel.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 8
First Page : 891
Last Page : 897
Authors : Nyoni BN, Gorman K, Mzilahowa T, Williamson MS, Navajas M, Field LM, Bass C.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi (Baker and Pritchard), is a serious pest of solanaceous crops in many African countries. In this study an investigation has been conducted to establish whether mutation of the para-type sodium channel underlies pyrethroid resistance in T. evansi strains collected in Southern Malawi. RESULTS: Two T. evansi strains from Malawi showed tolerance to the organophosphate chlorpyrifos and resistance (20-40-fold) to the pyrethroid bifenthrin, but were susceptible to two contemporary acaricides (abamectin and fenpyroximate) in insecticide bioassays. Cloning of a 3.1 kb fragment (domains IIS5 to IVS5) of the T. evansi para gene from pyrethroid-resistant and pyrethroid-susceptible strains revealed a single non-synonymous mutation in the resistant strains that results in an amino acid substitution (M918T) within the domain II region of the channel. Although novel to mites, this mutation confers high levels of resistance to pyrethroids in several insect species where it has always been associated with another mutation (L1014F). This is the first report of the M918T mutation in the absence of L1014F in any arthropod species. Diagnostic tools were developed that allow sensitive detection of this mutation in individual mites. CONCLUSION: This is the first study of pyrethroid resistance in T. evansi and provides contemporary information for resistance management of this pest in Southern Malawi.
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus evansi TOR in clean French bean leaf assessed as mortality at 26 degC and 16 hr day length measured after 48 hr by microimmersion protocol
|
Tetranychus evansi
|
92.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Pyrethroid resistance in the tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi, is associated with mutation of the para-type sodium channel.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 8
First Page : 891
Last Page : 897
Authors : Nyoni BN, Gorman K, Mzilahowa T, Williamson MS, Navajas M, Field LM, Bass C.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi (Baker and Pritchard), is a serious pest of solanaceous crops in many African countries. In this study an investigation has been conducted to establish whether mutation of the para-type sodium channel underlies pyrethroid resistance in T. evansi strains collected in Southern Malawi. RESULTS: Two T. evansi strains from Malawi showed tolerance to the organophosphate chlorpyrifos and resistance (20-40-fold) to the pyrethroid bifenthrin, but were susceptible to two contemporary acaricides (abamectin and fenpyroximate) in insecticide bioassays. Cloning of a 3.1 kb fragment (domains IIS5 to IVS5) of the T. evansi para gene from pyrethroid-resistant and pyrethroid-susceptible strains revealed a single non-synonymous mutation in the resistant strains that results in an amino acid substitution (M918T) within the domain II region of the channel. Although novel to mites, this mutation confers high levels of resistance to pyrethroids in several insect species where it has always been associated with another mutation (L1014F). This is the first report of the M918T mutation in the absence of L1014F in any arthropod species. Diagnostic tools were developed that allow sensitive detection of this mutation in individual mites. CONCLUSION: This is the first study of pyrethroid resistance in T. evansi and provides contemporary information for resistance management of this pest in Southern Malawi.
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus evansi ST JEA in clean French bean leaf assessed as mortality at 26 degC and 16 hr day length measured after 48 hr by microimmersion protocol
|
Tetranychus evansi
|
134.6
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Pyrethroid resistance in the tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi, is associated with mutation of the para-type sodium channel.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 8
First Page : 891
Last Page : 897
Authors : Nyoni BN, Gorman K, Mzilahowa T, Williamson MS, Navajas M, Field LM, Bass C.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi (Baker and Pritchard), is a serious pest of solanaceous crops in many African countries. In this study an investigation has been conducted to establish whether mutation of the para-type sodium channel underlies pyrethroid resistance in T. evansi strains collected in Southern Malawi. RESULTS: Two T. evansi strains from Malawi showed tolerance to the organophosphate chlorpyrifos and resistance (20-40-fold) to the pyrethroid bifenthrin, but were susceptible to two contemporary acaricides (abamectin and fenpyroximate) in insecticide bioassays. Cloning of a 3.1 kb fragment (domains IIS5 to IVS5) of the T. evansi para gene from pyrethroid-resistant and pyrethroid-susceptible strains revealed a single non-synonymous mutation in the resistant strains that results in an amino acid substitution (M918T) within the domain II region of the channel. Although novel to mites, this mutation confers high levels of resistance to pyrethroids in several insect species where it has always been associated with another mutation (L1014F). This is the first report of the M918T mutation in the absence of L1014F in any arthropod species. Diagnostic tools were developed that allow sensitive detection of this mutation in individual mites. CONCLUSION: This is the first study of pyrethroid resistance in T. evansi and provides contemporary information for resistance management of this pest in Southern Malawi.
Insecticidal activity against Popillia japonica assessed as mortality after 30 days
|
Popillia japonica
|
86.7
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Variation in the laboratory susceptibility of turf-infesting white grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) to biological, biorational and chemical control products.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 1
First Page : 90
Last Page : 99
Authors : Morales-Rodriguez A, Ospina A, Peck DC.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: White grubs are the most widespread and damaging pests in turfgrass habitats of the northeast USA, and their management is highly dependent on chemical pesticides. Because this complex includes at least eight species, opportunities for pest management would be enhanced by understanding how susceptibility to control products varies across taxa. The objective of this laboratory study was to measure variation in the susceptibility of four species to 18 biological, biorational and chemical insecticides used as curative controls. RESULTS: Across species, the most efficacious biological and chemical insecticide alternatives were Steinernema scarabaei and chlorpyrifos respectively. For biorational and chemical insecticides, the European chafer [Amphimallon majale (Razoumowsky)] was the least susceptible species. For biologicals, the Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman) was the least susceptible. Considering all control products, the oriental beetle [Anomala orientalis (Waterhouse)] was the most susceptible. CONCLUSION: The magnitude of variation in susceptibility supports the idea that a single product will not reliably suppress populations of all taxa, and highlights the need for pest management practitioners to identify white grub species before intervention. This differential susceptibility could have broader consequences for grub management if a numerically dominant target species is more completely suppressed than a co-occurring species.
Insecticidal activity against Popillia japonica assessed as mortality after 20 days
|
Popillia japonica
|
59.3
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Variation in the laboratory susceptibility of turf-infesting white grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) to biological, biorational and chemical control products.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 1
First Page : 90
Last Page : 99
Authors : Morales-Rodriguez A, Ospina A, Peck DC.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: White grubs are the most widespread and damaging pests in turfgrass habitats of the northeast USA, and their management is highly dependent on chemical pesticides. Because this complex includes at least eight species, opportunities for pest management would be enhanced by understanding how susceptibility to control products varies across taxa. The objective of this laboratory study was to measure variation in the susceptibility of four species to 18 biological, biorational and chemical insecticides used as curative controls. RESULTS: Across species, the most efficacious biological and chemical insecticide alternatives were Steinernema scarabaei and chlorpyrifos respectively. For biorational and chemical insecticides, the European chafer [Amphimallon majale (Razoumowsky)] was the least susceptible species. For biologicals, the Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman) was the least susceptible. Considering all control products, the oriental beetle [Anomala orientalis (Waterhouse)] was the most susceptible. CONCLUSION: The magnitude of variation in susceptibility supports the idea that a single product will not reliably suppress populations of all taxa, and highlights the need for pest management practitioners to identify white grub species before intervention. This differential susceptibility could have broader consequences for grub management if a numerically dominant target species is more completely suppressed than a co-occurring species.
Insecticidal activity against Popillia japonica assessed as mortality after 10 days
|
Popillia japonica
|
36.9
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Variation in the laboratory susceptibility of turf-infesting white grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) to biological, biorational and chemical control products.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 1
First Page : 90
Last Page : 99
Authors : Morales-Rodriguez A, Ospina A, Peck DC.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: White grubs are the most widespread and damaging pests in turfgrass habitats of the northeast USA, and their management is highly dependent on chemical pesticides. Because this complex includes at least eight species, opportunities for pest management would be enhanced by understanding how susceptibility to control products varies across taxa. The objective of this laboratory study was to measure variation in the susceptibility of four species to 18 biological, biorational and chemical insecticides used as curative controls. RESULTS: Across species, the most efficacious biological and chemical insecticide alternatives were Steinernema scarabaei and chlorpyrifos respectively. For biorational and chemical insecticides, the European chafer [Amphimallon majale (Razoumowsky)] was the least susceptible species. For biologicals, the Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman) was the least susceptible. Considering all control products, the oriental beetle [Anomala orientalis (Waterhouse)] was the most susceptible. CONCLUSION: The magnitude of variation in susceptibility supports the idea that a single product will not reliably suppress populations of all taxa, and highlights the need for pest management practitioners to identify white grub species before intervention. This differential susceptibility could have broader consequences for grub management if a numerically dominant target species is more completely suppressed than a co-occurring species.
Insecticidal activity against Maladera castanea assessed as mortality after 20 days
|
Maladera castanea
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Variation in the laboratory susceptibility of turf-infesting white grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) to biological, biorational and chemical control products.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 1
First Page : 90
Last Page : 99
Authors : Morales-Rodriguez A, Ospina A, Peck DC.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: White grubs are the most widespread and damaging pests in turfgrass habitats of the northeast USA, and their management is highly dependent on chemical pesticides. Because this complex includes at least eight species, opportunities for pest management would be enhanced by understanding how susceptibility to control products varies across taxa. The objective of this laboratory study was to measure variation in the susceptibility of four species to 18 biological, biorational and chemical insecticides used as curative controls. RESULTS: Across species, the most efficacious biological and chemical insecticide alternatives were Steinernema scarabaei and chlorpyrifos respectively. For biorational and chemical insecticides, the European chafer [Amphimallon majale (Razoumowsky)] was the least susceptible species. For biologicals, the Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman) was the least susceptible. Considering all control products, the oriental beetle [Anomala orientalis (Waterhouse)] was the most susceptible. CONCLUSION: The magnitude of variation in susceptibility supports the idea that a single product will not reliably suppress populations of all taxa, and highlights the need for pest management practitioners to identify white grub species before intervention. This differential susceptibility could have broader consequences for grub management if a numerically dominant target species is more completely suppressed than a co-occurring species.
Insecticidal activity against Maladera castanea assessed as mortality after 30 days
|
Maladera castanea
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Variation in the laboratory susceptibility of turf-infesting white grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) to biological, biorational and chemical control products.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 1
First Page : 90
Last Page : 99
Authors : Morales-Rodriguez A, Ospina A, Peck DC.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: White grubs are the most widespread and damaging pests in turfgrass habitats of the northeast USA, and their management is highly dependent on chemical pesticides. Because this complex includes at least eight species, opportunities for pest management would be enhanced by understanding how susceptibility to control products varies across taxa. The objective of this laboratory study was to measure variation in the susceptibility of four species to 18 biological, biorational and chemical insecticides used as curative controls. RESULTS: Across species, the most efficacious biological and chemical insecticide alternatives were Steinernema scarabaei and chlorpyrifos respectively. For biorational and chemical insecticides, the European chafer [Amphimallon majale (Razoumowsky)] was the least susceptible species. For biologicals, the Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman) was the least susceptible. Considering all control products, the oriental beetle [Anomala orientalis (Waterhouse)] was the most susceptible. CONCLUSION: The magnitude of variation in susceptibility supports the idea that a single product will not reliably suppress populations of all taxa, and highlights the need for pest management practitioners to identify white grub species before intervention. This differential susceptibility could have broader consequences for grub management if a numerically dominant target species is more completely suppressed than a co-occurring species.
Insecticidal activity against Maladera castanea assessed as mortality after 10 days
|
Maladera castanea
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Variation in the laboratory susceptibility of turf-infesting white grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) to biological, biorational and chemical control products.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 1
First Page : 90
Last Page : 99
Authors : Morales-Rodriguez A, Ospina A, Peck DC.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: White grubs are the most widespread and damaging pests in turfgrass habitats of the northeast USA, and their management is highly dependent on chemical pesticides. Because this complex includes at least eight species, opportunities for pest management would be enhanced by understanding how susceptibility to control products varies across taxa. The objective of this laboratory study was to measure variation in the susceptibility of four species to 18 biological, biorational and chemical insecticides used as curative controls. RESULTS: Across species, the most efficacious biological and chemical insecticide alternatives were Steinernema scarabaei and chlorpyrifos respectively. For biorational and chemical insecticides, the European chafer [Amphimallon majale (Razoumowsky)] was the least susceptible species. For biologicals, the Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman) was the least susceptible. Considering all control products, the oriental beetle [Anomala orientalis (Waterhouse)] was the most susceptible. CONCLUSION: The magnitude of variation in susceptibility supports the idea that a single product will not reliably suppress populations of all taxa, and highlights the need for pest management practitioners to identify white grub species before intervention. This differential susceptibility could have broader consequences for grub management if a numerically dominant target species is more completely suppressed than a co-occurring species.
Insecticidal activity against Anomala orientalis assessed as mortality after 30 days
|
Anomala orientalis
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Variation in the laboratory susceptibility of turf-infesting white grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) to biological, biorational and chemical control products.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 1
First Page : 90
Last Page : 99
Authors : Morales-Rodriguez A, Ospina A, Peck DC.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: White grubs are the most widespread and damaging pests in turfgrass habitats of the northeast USA, and their management is highly dependent on chemical pesticides. Because this complex includes at least eight species, opportunities for pest management would be enhanced by understanding how susceptibility to control products varies across taxa. The objective of this laboratory study was to measure variation in the susceptibility of four species to 18 biological, biorational and chemical insecticides used as curative controls. RESULTS: Across species, the most efficacious biological and chemical insecticide alternatives were Steinernema scarabaei and chlorpyrifos respectively. For biorational and chemical insecticides, the European chafer [Amphimallon majale (Razoumowsky)] was the least susceptible species. For biologicals, the Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman) was the least susceptible. Considering all control products, the oriental beetle [Anomala orientalis (Waterhouse)] was the most susceptible. CONCLUSION: The magnitude of variation in susceptibility supports the idea that a single product will not reliably suppress populations of all taxa, and highlights the need for pest management practitioners to identify white grub species before intervention. This differential susceptibility could have broader consequences for grub management if a numerically dominant target species is more completely suppressed than a co-occurring species.
Insecticidal activity against Anomala orientalis assessed as mortality after 20 days
|
Anomala orientalis
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Variation in the laboratory susceptibility of turf-infesting white grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) to biological, biorational and chemical control products.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 1
First Page : 90
Last Page : 99
Authors : Morales-Rodriguez A, Ospina A, Peck DC.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: White grubs are the most widespread and damaging pests in turfgrass habitats of the northeast USA, and their management is highly dependent on chemical pesticides. Because this complex includes at least eight species, opportunities for pest management would be enhanced by understanding how susceptibility to control products varies across taxa. The objective of this laboratory study was to measure variation in the susceptibility of four species to 18 biological, biorational and chemical insecticides used as curative controls. RESULTS: Across species, the most efficacious biological and chemical insecticide alternatives were Steinernema scarabaei and chlorpyrifos respectively. For biorational and chemical insecticides, the European chafer [Amphimallon majale (Razoumowsky)] was the least susceptible species. For biologicals, the Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman) was the least susceptible. Considering all control products, the oriental beetle [Anomala orientalis (Waterhouse)] was the most susceptible. CONCLUSION: The magnitude of variation in susceptibility supports the idea that a single product will not reliably suppress populations of all taxa, and highlights the need for pest management practitioners to identify white grub species before intervention. This differential susceptibility could have broader consequences for grub management if a numerically dominant target species is more completely suppressed than a co-occurring species.
Insecticidal activity against Anomala orientalis assessed as mortality after 10 days
|
Anomala orientalis
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Variation in the laboratory susceptibility of turf-infesting white grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) to biological, biorational and chemical control products.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 1
First Page : 90
Last Page : 99
Authors : Morales-Rodriguez A, Ospina A, Peck DC.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: White grubs are the most widespread and damaging pests in turfgrass habitats of the northeast USA, and their management is highly dependent on chemical pesticides. Because this complex includes at least eight species, opportunities for pest management would be enhanced by understanding how susceptibility to control products varies across taxa. The objective of this laboratory study was to measure variation in the susceptibility of four species to 18 biological, biorational and chemical insecticides used as curative controls. RESULTS: Across species, the most efficacious biological and chemical insecticide alternatives were Steinernema scarabaei and chlorpyrifos respectively. For biorational and chemical insecticides, the European chafer [Amphimallon majale (Razoumowsky)] was the least susceptible species. For biologicals, the Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman) was the least susceptible. Considering all control products, the oriental beetle [Anomala orientalis (Waterhouse)] was the most susceptible. CONCLUSION: The magnitude of variation in susceptibility supports the idea that a single product will not reliably suppress populations of all taxa, and highlights the need for pest management practitioners to identify white grub species before intervention. This differential susceptibility could have broader consequences for grub management if a numerically dominant target species is more completely suppressed than a co-occurring species.
Insecticidal activity against Amphimallon majalis (European chafer) assessed as mortality after 30 days
|
Amphimallon majalis
|
0.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Variation in the laboratory susceptibility of turf-infesting white grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) to biological, biorational and chemical control products.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 1
First Page : 90
Last Page : 99
Authors : Morales-Rodriguez A, Ospina A, Peck DC.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: White grubs are the most widespread and damaging pests in turfgrass habitats of the northeast USA, and their management is highly dependent on chemical pesticides. Because this complex includes at least eight species, opportunities for pest management would be enhanced by understanding how susceptibility to control products varies across taxa. The objective of this laboratory study was to measure variation in the susceptibility of four species to 18 biological, biorational and chemical insecticides used as curative controls. RESULTS: Across species, the most efficacious biological and chemical insecticide alternatives were Steinernema scarabaei and chlorpyrifos respectively. For biorational and chemical insecticides, the European chafer [Amphimallon majale (Razoumowsky)] was the least susceptible species. For biologicals, the Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman) was the least susceptible. Considering all control products, the oriental beetle [Anomala orientalis (Waterhouse)] was the most susceptible. CONCLUSION: The magnitude of variation in susceptibility supports the idea that a single product will not reliably suppress populations of all taxa, and highlights the need for pest management practitioners to identify white grub species before intervention. This differential susceptibility could have broader consequences for grub management if a numerically dominant target species is more completely suppressed than a co-occurring species.
Insecticidal activity against Amphimallon majalis (European chafer) assessed as mortality after 20 days
|
Amphimallon majalis
|
0.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Variation in the laboratory susceptibility of turf-infesting white grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) to biological, biorational and chemical control products.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 1
First Page : 90
Last Page : 99
Authors : Morales-Rodriguez A, Ospina A, Peck DC.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: White grubs are the most widespread and damaging pests in turfgrass habitats of the northeast USA, and their management is highly dependent on chemical pesticides. Because this complex includes at least eight species, opportunities for pest management would be enhanced by understanding how susceptibility to control products varies across taxa. The objective of this laboratory study was to measure variation in the susceptibility of four species to 18 biological, biorational and chemical insecticides used as curative controls. RESULTS: Across species, the most efficacious biological and chemical insecticide alternatives were Steinernema scarabaei and chlorpyrifos respectively. For biorational and chemical insecticides, the European chafer [Amphimallon majale (Razoumowsky)] was the least susceptible species. For biologicals, the Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman) was the least susceptible. Considering all control products, the oriental beetle [Anomala orientalis (Waterhouse)] was the most susceptible. CONCLUSION: The magnitude of variation in susceptibility supports the idea that a single product will not reliably suppress populations of all taxa, and highlights the need for pest management practitioners to identify white grub species before intervention. This differential susceptibility could have broader consequences for grub management if a numerically dominant target species is more completely suppressed than a co-occurring species.
Insecticidal activity against Amphimallon majalis (European chafer) assessed as mortality after 10 days
|
Amphimallon majalis
|
0.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Variation in the laboratory susceptibility of turf-infesting white grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) to biological, biorational and chemical control products.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 1
First Page : 90
Last Page : 99
Authors : Morales-Rodriguez A, Ospina A, Peck DC.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: White grubs are the most widespread and damaging pests in turfgrass habitats of the northeast USA, and their management is highly dependent on chemical pesticides. Because this complex includes at least eight species, opportunities for pest management would be enhanced by understanding how susceptibility to control products varies across taxa. The objective of this laboratory study was to measure variation in the susceptibility of four species to 18 biological, biorational and chemical insecticides used as curative controls. RESULTS: Across species, the most efficacious biological and chemical insecticide alternatives were Steinernema scarabaei and chlorpyrifos respectively. For biorational and chemical insecticides, the European chafer [Amphimallon majale (Razoumowsky)] was the least susceptible species. For biologicals, the Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman) was the least susceptible. Considering all control products, the oriental beetle [Anomala orientalis (Waterhouse)] was the most susceptible. CONCLUSION: The magnitude of variation in susceptibility supports the idea that a single product will not reliably suppress populations of all taxa, and highlights the need for pest management practitioners to identify white grub species before intervention. This differential susceptibility could have broader consequences for grub management if a numerically dominant target species is more completely suppressed than a co-occurring species.
Resistant ratio, ratio of LC90 for F1 generation of adult of Helicoverpa zea (corn earworm) to LC90 for adult of corn earworm
|
Helicoverpa zea
|
5.9
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 2
First Page : 147
Last Page : 154
Resistant ratio, ratio of LC90 for F1 generation of third-instar of Helicoverpa zea (corn earworm) to LC90 for third-instar of corn earworm
|
Helicoverpa zea
|
15.22
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 2
First Page : 147
Last Page : 154
Resistant ratio, ratio of LC50 for F1 generation of adult of Helicoverpa zea (corn earworm) to LC50 for adult of corn earworm
|
Helicoverpa zea
|
9.28
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 2
First Page : 147
Last Page : 154
Resistant ratio, ratio of LC50 for F1 generation of third-instar of Helicoverpa zea (corn earworm) to LC50 for third-instar of corn earworm
|
Helicoverpa zea
|
9.41
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 2
First Page : 147
Last Page : 154
Insecticidal activity against F1 generation of adult of Helicoverpa zea (corn earworm) assessed as mortality per insecticide vial after 24 hr
|
Helicoverpa zea
|
3.01
ug
|
|
Insecticidal activity against F1 generation of adult of Helicoverpa zea (corn earworm) assessed as mortality per insecticide vial after 24 hr
|
Helicoverpa zea
|
1.54
ug
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 2
First Page : 147
Last Page : 154
Insecticidal activity against F1 generation of third-instar of Helicoverpa zea (corn earworm) assessed as mortality per insecticide vial after 48 hr
|
Helicoverpa zea
|
5.8
ug
|
|
Insecticidal activity against F1 generation of third-instar of Helicoverpa zea (corn earworm) assessed as mortality per insecticide vial after 48 hr
|
Helicoverpa zea
|
1.25
ug
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 2
First Page : 147
Last Page : 154
Insecticidal activity against adult of Helicoverpa zea (corn earworm) assessed as mortality per insecticide vial after 24 hr
|
Helicoverpa zea
|
0.51
ug
|
|
Insecticidal activity against adult of Helicoverpa zea (corn earworm) assessed as mortality per insecticide vial after 24 hr
|
Helicoverpa zea
|
0.17
ug
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 2
First Page : 147
Last Page : 154
Insecticidal activity against third-instar of Helicoverpa zea (corn earworm) assessed as mortality per insecticide vial after 48 hr
|
Helicoverpa zea
|
0.38
ug
|
|
Insecticidal activity against third-instar of Helicoverpa zea (corn earworm) assessed as mortality per insecticide vial after 48 hr
|
Helicoverpa zea
|
0.13
ug
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 2
First Page : 147
Last Page : 154
Termiticidal activity against Reticulitermes flavipes assessed as mortality at 0.6 ug/g after 10 months by forced exposure test
|
Reticulitermes flavipes
|
73.9
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 1
First Page : 123
Last Page : 126
Termiticidal activity against Reticulitermes flavipes assessed as mortality at 0.6 ug/g after 5 months by forced exposure test
|
Reticulitermes flavipes
|
63.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 1
First Page : 123
Last Page : 126
Termiticidal activity against Reticulitermes flavipes assessed as mortality at 0.6 ug/g by forced exposure test
|
Reticulitermes flavipes
|
100.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 1
First Page : 123
Last Page : 126
Termiticidal activity against Reticulitermes flavipes after 7 days by forced exposure test
|
Reticulitermes flavipes
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 1
First Page : 123
Last Page : 126
Termiticidal activity against Reticulitermes flavipes after 3 days by forced exposure test
|
Reticulitermes flavipes
|
0.724
ug/g
|
|
Termiticidal activity against Reticulitermes flavipes after 3 days by forced exposure test
|
Reticulitermes flavipes
|
0.074
ug/g
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 1
First Page : 123
Last Page : 126
Insecticidal activity against Drosophila suzukii assessed as mortality at 112.1 g/ha by direct application at 22 degC measured after 24 hr
|
Drosophila suzukii
|
100.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Laboratory and field comparisons of insecticides to reduce infestation of Drosophila suzukii in berry crops.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 11
First Page : 1375
Last Page : 1385
Authors : Bruck DJ, Bolda M, Tanigoshi L, Klick J, Kleiber J, DeFrancesco J, Gerdeman B, Spitler H.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The spotted wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an invasive pest of small-fruit crops. Unlike most other Drosophila, this insect is able to oviposit into and damage ripe and ripening fruit, making it unmarketable. Because this is a new pest in the United States, it is necessary to identify registered insecticides to manage this insect effectively in conventional and organic production systems. RESULTS: The present laboratory bioassays and field trials identified a number of insecticides representing various modes of action that are effective in controlling D. suzukii. Products that performed well in the laboratory bioassay also performed well in the field, indicating that screening of new chemistries in the laboratory is a worthy exercise. Field application of pyrethoids, organophosphates or spinosyns provided 5-14 days of residual control of D. suzukii. The efficacy of the neonicotinoids as adulticides was not satisfactory compared with the other contact-mode-of-action chemistries. Based on the zero tolerance by the small-fruit industry and the individual effects mentioned above, neonicotinoids are not currently recommended for D. suzukii management. CONCLUSIONS: There are effective insecticides registered for controlling D. suzukii infestations in susceptible small-fruit crops.
Insecticidal activity against Drosophila suzukii assessed as mortality at 112.2 g/ha by direct application at 22 degC measured after 24 hr
|
Drosophila suzukii
|
100.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Laboratory and field comparisons of insecticides to reduce infestation of Drosophila suzukii in berry crops.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 11
First Page : 1375
Last Page : 1385
Authors : Bruck DJ, Bolda M, Tanigoshi L, Klick J, Kleiber J, DeFrancesco J, Gerdeman B, Spitler H.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The spotted wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an invasive pest of small-fruit crops. Unlike most other Drosophila, this insect is able to oviposit into and damage ripe and ripening fruit, making it unmarketable. Because this is a new pest in the United States, it is necessary to identify registered insecticides to manage this insect effectively in conventional and organic production systems. RESULTS: The present laboratory bioassays and field trials identified a number of insecticides representing various modes of action that are effective in controlling D. suzukii. Products that performed well in the laboratory bioassay also performed well in the field, indicating that screening of new chemistries in the laboratory is a worthy exercise. Field application of pyrethoids, organophosphates or spinosyns provided 5-14 days of residual control of D. suzukii. The efficacy of the neonicotinoids as adulticides was not satisfactory compared with the other contact-mode-of-action chemistries. Based on the zero tolerance by the small-fruit industry and the individual effects mentioned above, neonicotinoids are not currently recommended for D. suzukii management. CONCLUSIONS: There are effective insecticides registered for controlling D. suzukii infestations in susceptible small-fruit crops.