|
Acute contact toxicity against adult Anagrus nilaparvatae assessed as dead parasitoid wasps compound treated for 1 hr measured after 8 hr wash-out period
|
Anagrus
|
8.5
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Assessment of the impact of insecticides on Anagrus nilaparvatae (Pang et Wang) (Hymenoptera: Mymanidae), an egg parasitoid of the rice planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)
Year : 2008
Volume : 27
Issue : 3
First Page : 514
Last Page : 522
Authors : Wang HuaiYin, Yang Yang, Su JianYa, Shen JinLiang, Gao CongFen, Zhu YuCheng.
Abstract : The parasitoid, Anagrus nilaparvatae (Pang et Wang), is a major natural enemy of the rice planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. It plays an important role in the integrated pest management (IPM) of the rice planthopper, although chemical control is also effective. However, compatibility of biological and chemical control has never been investigated with this system. This study was designed to assess potential insecticide toxicities to the wasps, including acute and residual toxicity through contact and oral ingestion. Fourteen insecticides, including organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, insect growth regulators (IGRs), neonicotine, phenylpyrazole, and antibiotics were selected to test their toxicities against the adult parasitoid. Median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) of each insecticide was first determined. Acute contact toxicity tests indicated that chlorpyrifos had the highest toxicity to the wasp, requiring the least chemical to achieve 50% mortality. Imidacloprid was the second most toxic insecticide, while IGRs had the lowest toxicity. Results of oral toxicity tests of 14 pesticides showed that dichlorvos was the most toxic, which generated 100% mortality only 2h after treatment. Isoprocarb, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam were the second most toxic insecticides and killed all wasps in a 4-h period. Residual toxicity results indicated that imidacloprid was the most persistent insecticide, and it retained residual toxicity (80.7% mortality) on rice leaves up to 7d after treatment. Thiamethoxam, triazophos, and fipronil also had long residual toxicity to the wasps with 7-d mortalities as 66.8%, 54.6%, and 50.0%, respectively. IGRs showed very low contact and residual toxicity, but exhibited certain chronic effects of oral toxicity on longevity, fecundity, and offspring emergence.
|
Resistant ratio, LC50 for Tetranychus urticae FPY 14 (two-spotted spider mite) to LC50 for Tetranychus urticae GSS
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
7.8
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae FPY 14 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
1.56
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae GSS (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
0.2
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Risk quotient, recommended field rate (g/ha) to LC50 for Trichogramma nubilale (mg/L)
|
Trichogramma nubilale
|
9.08
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Susceptibility of adult Trichogramma nubilale (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to selected insecticides with different modes of action
Year : 2012
Volume : 34
First Page : 76
Last Page : 72
Authors : Wang Y, Yu R, Zhao X, Chen L, Wu C, Cang T, Wang Q.
Abstract : The parasitic wasp Trichogramma nubilale (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is one of the most suitable parasitoids for controlling Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Although extensive toxicological tests have been carried out to elucidate the toxicities of insecticides to trichogrammatids, the acute toxicity risks of commonly used insecticides to T. nubilale are not well known. Among the 7 classes of tested chemicals, organophosphates and carbamates had the highest intrinsic toxicity to the parasitoid with LC50 values ranging from 0.081 (0.062–0.12) to 2.10 (1.23–3.47) and from 0.12 (0.11–0.14) to 0.95 (0.87–1.05) mg a.i. per liter, respectively. The phenylpyrazoles (with the exception of butene-fipronil), avermectins, neonicotinoids and pyrethroids induced intermediate toxicity responses with LC50 values ranging from 0.29 to 4.67, 2.36 to 11.27, 1.86 to 311.9, and 10.98–150.3 mg a.i. per liter, respectively. In contrast, insect growth regulators (IGRs) exhibited the least toxicity to the parasitoid with LC50 values ranging from 3452 (3114–3877) to 10,168 (8848–12,027) mg a.i. per liter. A risk quotient analysis indicated that neonicotinoids, avermectins, pyrethroids, IGRs and phenylpyrazoles (with the exception of butene-fipronil) were safe, but organophosphates and carbamates were slightly to moderately toxic or highly toxic to T. nubilale. This study provided informative data for implementing both biological and chemical control strategies in integrated pest management (IPM) of corn lepidopterans.
|
Contact toxicity against Trichogramma nubilale assessed as mortality after 24 hr by modified slight dry film method
|
Trichogramma nubilale
|
25.42
mgAi/L
|
|
Contact toxicity against Trichogramma nubilale assessed as mortality after 24 hr by modified slight dry film method
|
Trichogramma nubilale
|
3.57
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Susceptibility of adult Trichogramma nubilale (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to selected insecticides with different modes of action
Year : 2012
Volume : 34
First Page : 76
Last Page : 72
Authors : Wang Y, Yu R, Zhao X, Chen L, Wu C, Cang T, Wang Q.
Abstract : The parasitic wasp Trichogramma nubilale (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is one of the most suitable parasitoids for controlling Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Although extensive toxicological tests have been carried out to elucidate the toxicities of insecticides to trichogrammatids, the acute toxicity risks of commonly used insecticides to T. nubilale are not well known. Among the 7 classes of tested chemicals, organophosphates and carbamates had the highest intrinsic toxicity to the parasitoid with LC50 values ranging from 0.081 (0.062–0.12) to 2.10 (1.23–3.47) and from 0.12 (0.11–0.14) to 0.95 (0.87–1.05) mg a.i. per liter, respectively. The phenylpyrazoles (with the exception of butene-fipronil), avermectins, neonicotinoids and pyrethroids induced intermediate toxicity responses with LC50 values ranging from 0.29 to 4.67, 2.36 to 11.27, 1.86 to 311.9, and 10.98–150.3 mg a.i. per liter, respectively. In contrast, insect growth regulators (IGRs) exhibited the least toxicity to the parasitoid with LC50 values ranging from 3452 (3114–3877) to 10,168 (8848–12,027) mg a.i. per liter. A risk quotient analysis indicated that neonicotinoids, avermectins, pyrethroids, IGRs and phenylpyrazoles (with the exception of butene-fipronil) were safe, but organophosphates and carbamates were slightly to moderately toxic or highly toxic to T. nubilale. This study provided informative data for implementing both biological and chemical control strategies in integrated pest management (IPM) of corn lepidopterans.
|
Toxicity against Bionectria ochroleuca assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth at 0.003 to 0.020 ug/ml measured every 24 hr intervals over 192 hr
|
Bionectria ochroleuca
|
0.5
%
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Title : Sensitivity of four isolates of Clonostachys rosea to pesticides used in the strawberry crop in Brazil
Year : 2012
Volume : 37
Issue : 4
First Page : 333
Last Page : 337
Authors : Macedo PEF, Maffia LA, Cota LV, Louren^|^ccedil;o V, Mizubuti ESG
|
Toxicity against Bionectria ochroleuca I19 assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth at 0.003 to 0.020 mg/ml measured every 24 hr intervals over 192 hr
|
Bionectria ochroleuca
|
5.79
%
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Title : Sensitivity of four isolates of Clonostachys rosea to pesticides used in the strawberry crop in Brazil
Year : 2012
Volume : 37
Issue : 4
First Page : 333
Last Page : 337
Authors : Macedo PEF, Maffia LA, Cota LV, Louren^|^ccedil;o V, Mizubuti ESG
|
Toxicity against Bionectria ochroleuca I60 assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth at 0.003 to 0.020 mg/ml measured every 24 hr intervals over 192 hr
|
Bionectria ochroleuca
|
6.51
%
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Title : Sensitivity of four isolates of Clonostachys rosea to pesticides used in the strawberry crop in Brazil
Year : 2012
Volume : 37
Issue : 4
First Page : 333
Last Page : 337
Authors : Macedo PEF, Maffia LA, Cota LV, Louren^|^ccedil;o V, Mizubuti ESG
|
Toxicity against Bionectria ochroleuca I61 assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth at 0.003 to 0.020 mg/ml measured every 24 hr intervals over 192 hr
|
Bionectria ochroleuca
|
9.79
%
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Title : Sensitivity of four isolates of Clonostachys rosea to pesticides used in the strawberry crop in Brazil
Year : 2012
Volume : 37
Issue : 4
First Page : 333
Last Page : 337
Authors : Macedo PEF, Maffia LA, Cota LV, Louren^|^ccedil;o V, Mizubuti ESG
|
Toxicity against Bionectria ochroleuca I62 assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth at 0.003 to 0.020 mg/ml measured every 24 hr intervals over 192 hr
|
Bionectria ochroleuca
|
9.64
%
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Title : Sensitivity of four isolates of Clonostachys rosea to pesticides used in the strawberry crop in Brazil
Year : 2012
Volume : 37
Issue : 4
First Page : 333
Last Page : 337
Authors : Macedo PEF, Maffia LA, Cota LV, Louren^|^ccedil;o V, Mizubuti ESG
|
Toxicity against Bionectria ochroleuca assessed as inhibition of conidial germination at 0.003 to 0.020 ug/ml measured every 24 hr intervals over 192 hr
|
Bionectria ochroleuca
|
1.0
%
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Title : Sensitivity of four isolates of Clonostachys rosea to pesticides used in the strawberry crop in Brazil
Year : 2012
Volume : 37
Issue : 4
First Page : 333
Last Page : 337
Authors : Macedo PEF, Maffia LA, Cota LV, Louren^|^ccedil;o V, Mizubuti ESG
|
Insecticidal activity against Bemisia tabaci (sweet potato whitefly) infested cabbage leaves assessed as mortality after 48 hr by leaf dip method
|
Bemisia tabaci
|
0.3
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Induction effects of host plants on insecticide susceptibility and detoxification enzymes of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 1
First Page : 87
Last Page : 93
Authors : Xie W, Wang S, Wu Q, Feng Y, Pan H, Jiao X, Zhou L, Yang X, Fu W, Teng H, Xu B, Zhang Y.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The polyphagous B-biotype Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) has developed a high resistance to commonly used insecticides in China. To illustrate the induced changes by host plant, bioassay and biochemical research on five different host populations were investigated. RESULTS: Except for bifenthrin, all tested insecticides showed lower toxicity to the B. tabaci poinsettia population compared with other host populations. Moreover, four insecticides, the exceptions being abamectin and fipronil, showed highest toxicity towards the tomato population. The LC(50) values of the poinsettia population, particularly towards acetamiprid, were 14.8-, 10.3- and 7.29-fold higher than those of tomato, cucumber and cabbage respectively. The CarE activities of B. tabaci cabbage and cucumber populations were all significantly higher than those of poinsettia, cotton and tomato populations. The ratio of the cabbage population was 1.97-, 1.79- and 1.30-fold higher than that of poinsettia, cotton and tomato respectively. The frequency profiles for this activity also have obvious differences. The GST and P450 activities of the cucumber population were the lowest in the five host populations. CONCLUSION: Long-term induction of host plants for B-biotype B. tabaci could influence their susceptibilities to several insecticides. Rational selection and usage of insecticides for particular hosts will be helpful for resistance management and control of this species.
|
Insecticidal activity against Bemisia tabaci (sweet potato whitefly) infested tomato leaves assessed as mortality after 48 hr by leaf dip method
|
Bemisia tabaci
|
0.4
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Induction effects of host plants on insecticide susceptibility and detoxification enzymes of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 1
First Page : 87
Last Page : 93
Authors : Xie W, Wang S, Wu Q, Feng Y, Pan H, Jiao X, Zhou L, Yang X, Fu W, Teng H, Xu B, Zhang Y.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The polyphagous B-biotype Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) has developed a high resistance to commonly used insecticides in China. To illustrate the induced changes by host plant, bioassay and biochemical research on five different host populations were investigated. RESULTS: Except for bifenthrin, all tested insecticides showed lower toxicity to the B. tabaci poinsettia population compared with other host populations. Moreover, four insecticides, the exceptions being abamectin and fipronil, showed highest toxicity towards the tomato population. The LC(50) values of the poinsettia population, particularly towards acetamiprid, were 14.8-, 10.3- and 7.29-fold higher than those of tomato, cucumber and cabbage respectively. The CarE activities of B. tabaci cabbage and cucumber populations were all significantly higher than those of poinsettia, cotton and tomato populations. The ratio of the cabbage population was 1.97-, 1.79- and 1.30-fold higher than that of poinsettia, cotton and tomato respectively. The frequency profiles for this activity also have obvious differences. The GST and P450 activities of the cucumber population were the lowest in the five host populations. CONCLUSION: Long-term induction of host plants for B-biotype B. tabaci could influence their susceptibilities to several insecticides. Rational selection and usage of insecticides for particular hosts will be helpful for resistance management and control of this species.
|
Insecticidal activity against Bemisia tabaci (sweet potato whitefly) infested cucumber leaves assessed as mortality after 48 hr by leaf dip method
|
Bemisia tabaci
|
0.5
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Induction effects of host plants on insecticide susceptibility and detoxification enzymes of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 1
First Page : 87
Last Page : 93
Authors : Xie W, Wang S, Wu Q, Feng Y, Pan H, Jiao X, Zhou L, Yang X, Fu W, Teng H, Xu B, Zhang Y.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The polyphagous B-biotype Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) has developed a high resistance to commonly used insecticides in China. To illustrate the induced changes by host plant, bioassay and biochemical research on five different host populations were investigated. RESULTS: Except for bifenthrin, all tested insecticides showed lower toxicity to the B. tabaci poinsettia population compared with other host populations. Moreover, four insecticides, the exceptions being abamectin and fipronil, showed highest toxicity towards the tomato population. The LC(50) values of the poinsettia population, particularly towards acetamiprid, were 14.8-, 10.3- and 7.29-fold higher than those of tomato, cucumber and cabbage respectively. The CarE activities of B. tabaci cabbage and cucumber populations were all significantly higher than those of poinsettia, cotton and tomato populations. The ratio of the cabbage population was 1.97-, 1.79- and 1.30-fold higher than that of poinsettia, cotton and tomato respectively. The frequency profiles for this activity also have obvious differences. The GST and P450 activities of the cucumber population were the lowest in the five host populations. CONCLUSION: Long-term induction of host plants for B-biotype B. tabaci could influence their susceptibilities to several insecticides. Rational selection and usage of insecticides for particular hosts will be helpful for resistance management and control of this species.
|
Insecticidal activity against Bemisia tabaci (sweet potato whitefly) infested cotton leaves assessed as mortality after 48 hr by leaf dip method
|
Bemisia tabaci
|
0.7
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Induction effects of host plants on insecticide susceptibility and detoxification enzymes of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 1
First Page : 87
Last Page : 93
Authors : Xie W, Wang S, Wu Q, Feng Y, Pan H, Jiao X, Zhou L, Yang X, Fu W, Teng H, Xu B, Zhang Y.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The polyphagous B-biotype Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) has developed a high resistance to commonly used insecticides in China. To illustrate the induced changes by host plant, bioassay and biochemical research on five different host populations were investigated. RESULTS: Except for bifenthrin, all tested insecticides showed lower toxicity to the B. tabaci poinsettia population compared with other host populations. Moreover, four insecticides, the exceptions being abamectin and fipronil, showed highest toxicity towards the tomato population. The LC(50) values of the poinsettia population, particularly towards acetamiprid, were 14.8-, 10.3- and 7.29-fold higher than those of tomato, cucumber and cabbage respectively. The CarE activities of B. tabaci cabbage and cucumber populations were all significantly higher than those of poinsettia, cotton and tomato populations. The ratio of the cabbage population was 1.97-, 1.79- and 1.30-fold higher than that of poinsettia, cotton and tomato respectively. The frequency profiles for this activity also have obvious differences. The GST and P450 activities of the cucumber population were the lowest in the five host populations. CONCLUSION: Long-term induction of host plants for B-biotype B. tabaci could influence their susceptibilities to several insecticides. Rational selection and usage of insecticides for particular hosts will be helpful for resistance management and control of this species.
|
Insecticidal activity against Bemisia tabaci (sweet potato whitefly) infested poinsettia leaves assessed as mortality after 48 hr by leaf dip method
|
Bemisia tabaci
|
0.74
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Induction effects of host plants on insecticide susceptibility and detoxification enzymes of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 1
First Page : 87
Last Page : 93
Authors : Xie W, Wang S, Wu Q, Feng Y, Pan H, Jiao X, Zhou L, Yang X, Fu W, Teng H, Xu B, Zhang Y.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The polyphagous B-biotype Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) has developed a high resistance to commonly used insecticides in China. To illustrate the induced changes by host plant, bioassay and biochemical research on five different host populations were investigated. RESULTS: Except for bifenthrin, all tested insecticides showed lower toxicity to the B. tabaci poinsettia population compared with other host populations. Moreover, four insecticides, the exceptions being abamectin and fipronil, showed highest toxicity towards the tomato population. The LC(50) values of the poinsettia population, particularly towards acetamiprid, were 14.8-, 10.3- and 7.29-fold higher than those of tomato, cucumber and cabbage respectively. The CarE activities of B. tabaci cabbage and cucumber populations were all significantly higher than those of poinsettia, cotton and tomato populations. The ratio of the cabbage population was 1.97-, 1.79- and 1.30-fold higher than that of poinsettia, cotton and tomato respectively. The frequency profiles for this activity also have obvious differences. The GST and P450 activities of the cucumber population were the lowest in the five host populations. CONCLUSION: Long-term induction of host plants for B-biotype B. tabaci could influence their susceptibilities to several insecticides. Rational selection and usage of insecticides for particular hosts will be helpful for resistance management and control of this species.
|
Resistance factor, ratio of LC50 for adult female Bemisia tabaci B-biotype NJ-Imi (sweet potato whitefly) (G30) to LC50 for adult female B-type Bemisia tabaci NJ
|
Bemisia tabaci
|
1.0
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Cross-resistance, inheritance and biochemical mechanisms of imidacloprid resistance in B-biotype Bemisia tabaci.
Year : 2009
Volume : 65
Issue : 11
First Page : 1189
Last Page : 1194
Authors : Wang Z, Yao M, Wu Y.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The B-type Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) has become established in many regions in China, and neonicotinoids are extensively used to control this pest. Imidacloprid resistance in a laboratory-selected strain of B-type B. tabaci was characterised in order to provide the basis for recommending resistance management tactics. RESULTS: The NJ-Imi strain of B-type B. tabaci was selected from the NJ strain with imidacloprid for 30 generations. The NJ-Imi strain exhibited 490-fold resistance to imidacloprid, high levels of cross-resistance to three other neonicotinoids, low levels of cross-resistance to monosultap, cartap and spinosad, but no cross-resistance to abamectin and cypermethrin. Imidacloprid resistance in the NJ-Imi strain was autosomal and semi-dominant. It is shown that enhanced detoxification mediated by cytochrome-P450-dependent monooxygenases contributes to imidacloprid resistance to some extent in the NJ-Imi strain. Results from synergist bioassays and cross-resistance patterns indicated that target-site insensitivity may be involved in imidacloprid resistance in the NJ-Imi strain of B. tabaci. CONCLUSION: Although oxidative detoxification mediated by P450 monooxygenases is involved in imidacloprid resistance in the NJ-Imi strain of B-type B. tabaci, target-site modification as an additional resistance mechanism cannot be ruled out. Considering the high risk of cross-resistance, neonicotinoids should be regarded as a single group when implementing an insecticide rotation scheme in B. tabaci control.
|
Insecticidal activity against adult female imidacloprid-resistant Bemisia tabaci B-biotype NJ-Imi (sweet potato whitefly) (G30) in cotton leaf discs assessed as mortality treated for 10 secs prior to adult infestation measured after 72 hr by leaf-dip bioassay
|
Bemisia tabaci
|
0.92
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Cross-resistance, inheritance and biochemical mechanisms of imidacloprid resistance in B-biotype Bemisia tabaci.
Year : 2009
Volume : 65
Issue : 11
First Page : 1189
Last Page : 1194
Authors : Wang Z, Yao M, Wu Y.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The B-type Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) has become established in many regions in China, and neonicotinoids are extensively used to control this pest. Imidacloprid resistance in a laboratory-selected strain of B-type B. tabaci was characterised in order to provide the basis for recommending resistance management tactics. RESULTS: The NJ-Imi strain of B-type B. tabaci was selected from the NJ strain with imidacloprid for 30 generations. The NJ-Imi strain exhibited 490-fold resistance to imidacloprid, high levels of cross-resistance to three other neonicotinoids, low levels of cross-resistance to monosultap, cartap and spinosad, but no cross-resistance to abamectin and cypermethrin. Imidacloprid resistance in the NJ-Imi strain was autosomal and semi-dominant. It is shown that enhanced detoxification mediated by cytochrome-P450-dependent monooxygenases contributes to imidacloprid resistance to some extent in the NJ-Imi strain. Results from synergist bioassays and cross-resistance patterns indicated that target-site insensitivity may be involved in imidacloprid resistance in the NJ-Imi strain of B. tabaci. CONCLUSION: Although oxidative detoxification mediated by P450 monooxygenases is involved in imidacloprid resistance in the NJ-Imi strain of B-type B. tabaci, target-site modification as an additional resistance mechanism cannot be ruled out. Considering the high risk of cross-resistance, neonicotinoids should be regarded as a single group when implementing an insecticide rotation scheme in B. tabaci control.
|
Insecticidal activity against adult female imidacloprid-susceptible Bemisia tabaci B-biotype NJ (sweet potato whitefly) in cotton leaf discs assessed as mortality treated for 10 secs prior to adult infestation measured after 72 hr by leaf-dip bioassay
|
Bemisia tabaci
|
0.8
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Cross-resistance, inheritance and biochemical mechanisms of imidacloprid resistance in B-biotype Bemisia tabaci.
Year : 2009
Volume : 65
Issue : 11
First Page : 1189
Last Page : 1194
Authors : Wang Z, Yao M, Wu Y.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The B-type Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) has become established in many regions in China, and neonicotinoids are extensively used to control this pest. Imidacloprid resistance in a laboratory-selected strain of B-type B. tabaci was characterised in order to provide the basis for recommending resistance management tactics. RESULTS: The NJ-Imi strain of B-type B. tabaci was selected from the NJ strain with imidacloprid for 30 generations. The NJ-Imi strain exhibited 490-fold resistance to imidacloprid, high levels of cross-resistance to three other neonicotinoids, low levels of cross-resistance to monosultap, cartap and spinosad, but no cross-resistance to abamectin and cypermethrin. Imidacloprid resistance in the NJ-Imi strain was autosomal and semi-dominant. It is shown that enhanced detoxification mediated by cytochrome-P450-dependent monooxygenases contributes to imidacloprid resistance to some extent in the NJ-Imi strain. Results from synergist bioassays and cross-resistance patterns indicated that target-site insensitivity may be involved in imidacloprid resistance in the NJ-Imi strain of B. tabaci. CONCLUSION: Although oxidative detoxification mediated by P450 monooxygenases is involved in imidacloprid resistance in the NJ-Imi strain of B-type B. tabaci, target-site modification as an additional resistance mechanism cannot be ruled out. Considering the high risk of cross-resistance, neonicotinoids should be regarded as a single group when implementing an insecticide rotation scheme in B. tabaci control.
|
Contact toxicity against Aphidius colemani assessed as mortality at 8.5 mg a.i./l
|
Aphidius colemani
|
100.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
|
Toxicity against po dosed Apis mellifera (honey bee) assessed per bee after 24 hr
|
Apis mellifera
|
0.009
ug
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
|
Contact toxicity against Apis mellifera (honey bee) assessed per bee after 24 hr
|
Apis mellifera
|
0.002
ug
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
|
Toxicity against po dosed worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) administered through sugar water for 11 weeks measured everyday for 3 days followed by once a week for 11 weeks
|
Bombus terrestris
|
0.18
mgAi/L
|
|
Toxicity against po dosed worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) administered through sugar water for 11 weeks measured everyday for 3 days followed by once a week for 11 weeks
|
Bombus terrestris
|
1.17
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
|
Toxicity against worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) assessed as reduction in reproduction at 18 mg a.i./l, po administered through pollen for 11 weeks measured once a week for 11 weeks
|
Bombus terrestris
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
|
Contact toxicity against worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) assessed as reduction in reproduction at 18 mg a.i./l applied on the dorsal thorax for 11 weeks measured once a week for 11 weeks relative to control
|
Bombus terrestris
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
|
Toxicity against worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) assessed as mortality at 18 mg a.i./l, po administered through pollen measured after 7 weeks
|
Bombus terrestris
|
60.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
|
Toxicity against worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) assessed as mortality at 18 mg a.i./l, po administered through pollen measured after 3 weeks
|
Bombus terrestris
|
40.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
|
Toxicity against worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) assessed as mortality at 18 mg a.i./l, po administered through pollen for 11 weeks measured everyday for 3 days followed by once a week for 11 weeks
|
Bombus terrestris
|
90.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
|
Toxicity against worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) assessed as mortality at 18 mg a.i./l, po administered through sugar water measured after 9 weeks
|
Bombus terrestris
|
80.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
|
Toxicity against worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) assessed as mortality at 18 mg a.i./l, po administered through sugar water measured after 11 weeks
|
Bombus terrestris
|
100.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
|
Toxicity against worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) assessed as mortality at 18 mg a.i./l, po administered through sugar water measured after 7 weeks
|
Bombus terrestris
|
40.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
|
Toxicity against worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) assessed as mortality at 18 mg a.i./l, po administered through sugar water measured after 1 week
|
Bombus terrestris
|
20.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
|
Toxicity against worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) assessed as mortality at 18 mg a.i./l, po administered through sugar water for 11 weeks measured everyday for 3 days followed by once a week for 11 weeks
|
Bombus terrestris
|
95.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
|
Contact toxicity against worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) assessed as mortality at 18 mg a.i./l applied on the dorsal thorax measured after 3 to 4 weeks
|
Bombus terrestris
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
|
Contact toxicity against worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) assessed as mortality at 18 mg a.i./l applied on the dorsal thorax for 11 weeks measured everyday for 3 days followed by once a week for 11 weeks
|
Bombus terrestris
|
100.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus evansi R2 in clean French bean leaf assessed as mortality at 26 degC and 16 hr day length measured after 48 hr by microimmersion protocol
|
Tetranychus evansi
|
0.19
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Pyrethroid resistance in the tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi, is associated with mutation of the para-type sodium channel.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 8
First Page : 891
Last Page : 897
Authors : Nyoni BN, Gorman K, Mzilahowa T, Williamson MS, Navajas M, Field LM, Bass C.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi (Baker and Pritchard), is a serious pest of solanaceous crops in many African countries. In this study an investigation has been conducted to establish whether mutation of the para-type sodium channel underlies pyrethroid resistance in T. evansi strains collected in Southern Malawi. RESULTS: Two T. evansi strains from Malawi showed tolerance to the organophosphate chlorpyrifos and resistance (20-40-fold) to the pyrethroid bifenthrin, but were susceptible to two contemporary acaricides (abamectin and fenpyroximate) in insecticide bioassays. Cloning of a 3.1 kb fragment (domains IIS5 to IVS5) of the T. evansi para gene from pyrethroid-resistant and pyrethroid-susceptible strains revealed a single non-synonymous mutation in the resistant strains that results in an amino acid substitution (M918T) within the domain II region of the channel. Although novel to mites, this mutation confers high levels of resistance to pyrethroids in several insect species where it has always been associated with another mutation (L1014F). This is the first report of the M918T mutation in the absence of L1014F in any arthropod species. Diagnostic tools were developed that allow sensitive detection of this mutation in individual mites. CONCLUSION: This is the first study of pyrethroid resistance in T. evansi and provides contemporary information for resistance management of this pest in Southern Malawi.
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus evansi R1 in clean French bean leaf assessed as mortality at 26 degC and 16 hr day length measured after 48 hr by microimmersion protocol
|
Tetranychus evansi
|
0.18
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Pyrethroid resistance in the tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi, is associated with mutation of the para-type sodium channel.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 8
First Page : 891
Last Page : 897
Authors : Nyoni BN, Gorman K, Mzilahowa T, Williamson MS, Navajas M, Field LM, Bass C.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi (Baker and Pritchard), is a serious pest of solanaceous crops in many African countries. In this study an investigation has been conducted to establish whether mutation of the para-type sodium channel underlies pyrethroid resistance in T. evansi strains collected in Southern Malawi. RESULTS: Two T. evansi strains from Malawi showed tolerance to the organophosphate chlorpyrifos and resistance (20-40-fold) to the pyrethroid bifenthrin, but were susceptible to two contemporary acaricides (abamectin and fenpyroximate) in insecticide bioassays. Cloning of a 3.1 kb fragment (domains IIS5 to IVS5) of the T. evansi para gene from pyrethroid-resistant and pyrethroid-susceptible strains revealed a single non-synonymous mutation in the resistant strains that results in an amino acid substitution (M918T) within the domain II region of the channel. Although novel to mites, this mutation confers high levels of resistance to pyrethroids in several insect species where it has always been associated with another mutation (L1014F). This is the first report of the M918T mutation in the absence of L1014F in any arthropod species. Diagnostic tools were developed that allow sensitive detection of this mutation in individual mites. CONCLUSION: This is the first study of pyrethroid resistance in T. evansi and provides contemporary information for resistance management of this pest in Southern Malawi.
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus evansi TOR in clean French bean leaf assessed as mortality at 26 degC and 16 hr day length measured after 48 hr by microimmersion protocol
|
Tetranychus evansi
|
0.24
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Pyrethroid resistance in the tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi, is associated with mutation of the para-type sodium channel.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 8
First Page : 891
Last Page : 897
Authors : Nyoni BN, Gorman K, Mzilahowa T, Williamson MS, Navajas M, Field LM, Bass C.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi (Baker and Pritchard), is a serious pest of solanaceous crops in many African countries. In this study an investigation has been conducted to establish whether mutation of the para-type sodium channel underlies pyrethroid resistance in T. evansi strains collected in Southern Malawi. RESULTS: Two T. evansi strains from Malawi showed tolerance to the organophosphate chlorpyrifos and resistance (20-40-fold) to the pyrethroid bifenthrin, but were susceptible to two contemporary acaricides (abamectin and fenpyroximate) in insecticide bioassays. Cloning of a 3.1 kb fragment (domains IIS5 to IVS5) of the T. evansi para gene from pyrethroid-resistant and pyrethroid-susceptible strains revealed a single non-synonymous mutation in the resistant strains that results in an amino acid substitution (M918T) within the domain II region of the channel. Although novel to mites, this mutation confers high levels of resistance to pyrethroids in several insect species where it has always been associated with another mutation (L1014F). This is the first report of the M918T mutation in the absence of L1014F in any arthropod species. Diagnostic tools were developed that allow sensitive detection of this mutation in individual mites. CONCLUSION: This is the first study of pyrethroid resistance in T. evansi and provides contemporary information for resistance management of this pest in Southern Malawi.
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus evansi ST JEA in clean French bean leaf assessed as mortality at 26 degC and 16 hr day length measured after 48 hr by microimmersion protocol
|
Tetranychus evansi
|
0.23
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Pyrethroid resistance in the tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi, is associated with mutation of the para-type sodium channel.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 8
First Page : 891
Last Page : 897
Authors : Nyoni BN, Gorman K, Mzilahowa T, Williamson MS, Navajas M, Field LM, Bass C.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi (Baker and Pritchard), is a serious pest of solanaceous crops in many African countries. In this study an investigation has been conducted to establish whether mutation of the para-type sodium channel underlies pyrethroid resistance in T. evansi strains collected in Southern Malawi. RESULTS: Two T. evansi strains from Malawi showed tolerance to the organophosphate chlorpyrifos and resistance (20-40-fold) to the pyrethroid bifenthrin, but were susceptible to two contemporary acaricides (abamectin and fenpyroximate) in insecticide bioassays. Cloning of a 3.1 kb fragment (domains IIS5 to IVS5) of the T. evansi para gene from pyrethroid-resistant and pyrethroid-susceptible strains revealed a single non-synonymous mutation in the resistant strains that results in an amino acid substitution (M918T) within the domain II region of the channel. Although novel to mites, this mutation confers high levels of resistance to pyrethroids in several insect species where it has always been associated with another mutation (L1014F). This is the first report of the M918T mutation in the absence of L1014F in any arthropod species. Diagnostic tools were developed that allow sensitive detection of this mutation in individual mites. CONCLUSION: This is the first study of pyrethroid resistance in T. evansi and provides contemporary information for resistance management of this pest in Southern Malawi.
|
Nematicidal activity against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in pot-grown three-year-old trees of Pinus densiflora assessed as reduction of disease incidence at 2% treated 3 months before inoculation measured after 9 months by measuring dead trees relative to control
|
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
|
93.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Suppression of pine wilt disease by an antibacterial agent, oxolinic acid.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 6
First Page : 634
Last Page : 639
Authors : Kwon HR, Choi GJ, Choi YH, Jang KS, Sung ND, Kang MS, Moon Y, Lee SK, Kim JC.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Pine wilt disease (PWD) is very complex and has been reported to be caused by pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle, and its accompanying bacteria. However, there is no report on the control of PWD by antibacterial agent. The present study was performed to investigate disease control efficacy of antibacterial agents against PWD. RESULTS: Among six antibacterial antibiotics tested, oxolinic acid (OA) showed the strongest antibacterial activity against five bacteria isolated from three strains of pine wood nematode. In in vivo assay, it effectively suppressed the development of PWD in three-year-old seedlings of Pinus densiflora Sieb. & Zucc.; it showed 71% control when injected at 3 mg per seedling. A mixture of OA and the nematicidal agent abamectin (Ab) showed higher disease control efficacy against PWD than either OA or Ab alone. In addition, OA alone and a mixture of OA and Ab also controlled PWD in approximately 20-year-old pine trees under field conditions. CONCLUSION: This is the first report on the suppression of PWD by OA. The result strongly indicates that PWD could be controlled by antibacterial antibiotic alone and a combination of antibacterial and nematicidal agents.
|
Nematicidal activity against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in pot-grown three-year-old trees of Pinus densiflora assessed as reduction of disease incidence at 2% treated 3 months before inoculation measured after 9 months by measuring dead trees
|
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
|
6.7
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Suppression of pine wilt disease by an antibacterial agent, oxolinic acid.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 6
First Page : 634
Last Page : 639
Authors : Kwon HR, Choi GJ, Choi YH, Jang KS, Sung ND, Kang MS, Moon Y, Lee SK, Kim JC.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Pine wilt disease (PWD) is very complex and has been reported to be caused by pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle, and its accompanying bacteria. However, there is no report on the control of PWD by antibacterial agent. The present study was performed to investigate disease control efficacy of antibacterial agents against PWD. RESULTS: Among six antibacterial antibiotics tested, oxolinic acid (OA) showed the strongest antibacterial activity against five bacteria isolated from three strains of pine wood nematode. In in vivo assay, it effectively suppressed the development of PWD in three-year-old seedlings of Pinus densiflora Sieb. & Zucc.; it showed 71% control when injected at 3 mg per seedling. A mixture of OA and the nematicidal agent abamectin (Ab) showed higher disease control efficacy against PWD than either OA or Ab alone. In addition, OA alone and a mixture of OA and Ab also controlled PWD in approximately 20-year-old pine trees under field conditions. CONCLUSION: This is the first report on the suppression of PWD by OA. The result strongly indicates that PWD could be controlled by antibacterial antibiotic alone and a combination of antibacterial and nematicidal agents.
|
Displacement of [3H]-methyl-SFX from nAChR in Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) 4106A membrane at 1 ppm after 70 min
|
Myzus persicae
|
-6.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Investigating the mode of action of sulfoxaflor: a fourth-generation neonicotinoid.
Year : 2013
Volume : 69
Issue : 5
First Page : 607
Last Page : 619
Authors : Cutler P, Slater R, Edmunds AJ, Maienfisch P, Hall RG, Earley FG, Pitterna T, Pal S, Paul VL, Goodchild J, Blacker M, Hagmann L, Crossthwaite AJ.
Abstract : The precise mode of action of sulfoxaflor, a new nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-modulating insecticide, is unclear. A detailed understanding of the mode of action, especially in relation to the neonicotinoids, is essential for recommending effective pest management practices.Radiolabel binding experiments using a tritiated analogue of sulfoxaflor ([(3) H]-methyl-SFX) performed on membranes from Myzus persicae demonstrate that sulfoxaflor interacts specifically with the high-affinity imidacloprid binding site present in a subpopulation of the total nAChR pool. In competition studies, imidacloprid-like neonicotinoids displace [(3) H]-methyl-SFX at pM concentrations. The effects of sulfoxaflor on the exposed aphid nervous system in situ are analogous to those of imidacloprid and nitenpyram, and finally the high-affinity sulfoxaflor binding site is absent in a Myzus persicae strain (clone FRC) possessing a single amino acid point mutation (R81T) in the β-nAChR, a region critical for neonicotinoid interaction.The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor pharmacological profile of sulfoxaflor in aphids is consistent with that of imidacloprid. Additionally, the insecticidal activity of sulfoxaflor and the current commercialised neonicotinoids is affected by the point mutation in FRC Myzus persicae. Therefore, it is suggested that sulfoxalfor be considered a neonicotinoid, and that this be taken into account when recommending insecticide rotation partnering for effective resistance management programmes.
|
Nematicidal activity against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in pot-grown three-year-old trees of Pinus densiflora assessed as reduction of disease incidence at 3.6 mg/seedlings treated 7 days before inoculation measured after 1 month by measuring dead seedling under greenhouse condition relative to control
|
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
|
71.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Suppression of pine wilt disease by an antibacterial agent, oxolinic acid.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 6
First Page : 634
Last Page : 639
Authors : Kwon HR, Choi GJ, Choi YH, Jang KS, Sung ND, Kang MS, Moon Y, Lee SK, Kim JC.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Pine wilt disease (PWD) is very complex and has been reported to be caused by pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle, and its accompanying bacteria. However, there is no report on the control of PWD by antibacterial agent. The present study was performed to investigate disease control efficacy of antibacterial agents against PWD. RESULTS: Among six antibacterial antibiotics tested, oxolinic acid (OA) showed the strongest antibacterial activity against five bacteria isolated from three strains of pine wood nematode. In in vivo assay, it effectively suppressed the development of PWD in three-year-old seedlings of Pinus densiflora Sieb. & Zucc.; it showed 71% control when injected at 3 mg per seedling. A mixture of OA and the nematicidal agent abamectin (Ab) showed higher disease control efficacy against PWD than either OA or Ab alone. In addition, OA alone and a mixture of OA and Ab also controlled PWD in approximately 20-year-old pine trees under field conditions. CONCLUSION: This is the first report on the suppression of PWD by OA. The result strongly indicates that PWD could be controlled by antibacterial antibiotic alone and a combination of antibacterial and nematicidal agents.
|
Nematicidal activity against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in pot-grown three-year-old trees of Pinus densiflora assessed as reduction of disease incidence at 3.6 mg/seedlings treated 7 days before inoculation measured after 1 month by measuring dead seedling under greenhouse condition
|
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
|
20.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Suppression of pine wilt disease by an antibacterial agent, oxolinic acid.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 6
First Page : 634
Last Page : 639
Authors : Kwon HR, Choi GJ, Choi YH, Jang KS, Sung ND, Kang MS, Moon Y, Lee SK, Kim JC.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Pine wilt disease (PWD) is very complex and has been reported to be caused by pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle, and its accompanying bacteria. However, there is no report on the control of PWD by antibacterial agent. The present study was performed to investigate disease control efficacy of antibacterial agents against PWD. RESULTS: Among six antibacterial antibiotics tested, oxolinic acid (OA) showed the strongest antibacterial activity against five bacteria isolated from three strains of pine wood nematode. In in vivo assay, it effectively suppressed the development of PWD in three-year-old seedlings of Pinus densiflora Sieb. & Zucc.; it showed 71% control when injected at 3 mg per seedling. A mixture of OA and the nematicidal agent abamectin (Ab) showed higher disease control efficacy against PWD than either OA or Ab alone. In addition, OA alone and a mixture of OA and Ab also controlled PWD in approximately 20-year-old pine trees under field conditions. CONCLUSION: This is the first report on the suppression of PWD by OA. The result strongly indicates that PWD could be controlled by antibacterial antibiotic alone and a combination of antibacterial and nematicidal agents.
|
Nematicidal activity against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus assessed as mortality at 0.34 mg/l after 48 hr
|
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
|
90.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Suppression of pine wilt disease by an antibacterial agent, oxolinic acid.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 6
First Page : 634
Last Page : 639
Authors : Kwon HR, Choi GJ, Choi YH, Jang KS, Sung ND, Kang MS, Moon Y, Lee SK, Kim JC.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Pine wilt disease (PWD) is very complex and has been reported to be caused by pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle, and its accompanying bacteria. However, there is no report on the control of PWD by antibacterial agent. The present study was performed to investigate disease control efficacy of antibacterial agents against PWD. RESULTS: Among six antibacterial antibiotics tested, oxolinic acid (OA) showed the strongest antibacterial activity against five bacteria isolated from three strains of pine wood nematode. In in vivo assay, it effectively suppressed the development of PWD in three-year-old seedlings of Pinus densiflora Sieb. & Zucc.; it showed 71% control when injected at 3 mg per seedling. A mixture of OA and the nematicidal agent abamectin (Ab) showed higher disease control efficacy against PWD than either OA or Ab alone. In addition, OA alone and a mixture of OA and Ab also controlled PWD in approximately 20-year-old pine trees under field conditions. CONCLUSION: This is the first report on the suppression of PWD by OA. The result strongly indicates that PWD could be controlled by antibacterial antibiotic alone and a combination of antibacterial and nematicidal agents.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato field assessed as plant vigour at 5 L/hectare measured after 30 days
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
85.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato field assessed as plant vigour at 7.5 L/hectare measured after 30 days
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
87.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato field assessed as plant vigour at 10 L/hectare measured after 30 days
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
92.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato field assessed as plant height at 5 L/hectare measured after 30 days
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
32.4
cm
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato field assessed as plant height at 7.5 L/hectare measured after 30 days
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
35.9
cm
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato field assessed as plant height at 10 L/hectare measured after 30 days
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
39.1
cm
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato field assessed as reduction in root galling index at 5 L/hectare measured after 30 days
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato field assessed as reduction in root galling index at 7.5 L/hectare measured after 30 days
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato field assessed as reduction in root galling index at 10 L/hectare measured after 30 days
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato field assessed as marketable yield at 5 L/hectare
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
59.4
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato field assessed as marketable yield at 7.5 L/hectare
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
63.4
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato field assessed as marketable yield at 10 L/hectare
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
69.2
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato field assessed as medium fruit yield at 5 L/hectare
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
36.7
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato field assessed as medium fruit yield at 7.5 L/hectare
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
39.5
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato field assessed as medium fruit yield at 10 L/hectare
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
41.3
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato field assessed as large fruit yield at 5 L/hectare
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
17.4
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato field assessed as large fruit yield at 7.5 L/hectare
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
18.1
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato field assessed as large fruit yield at 10 L/hectare
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
20.6
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato field assessed as extra-large fruit yield at 5 L/hectare
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
5.3
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato field assessed as extra-large fruit yield at 7.5 L/hectare
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
5.8
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato field assessed as extra-large fruit yield at 10 L/hectare
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
7.3
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato field assessed as plant height at 5 L/hectare measured after 50 days
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
94.3
cm
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato field assessed as plant height at 7.5 L/hectare measured after 50 days
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
98.6
cm
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato field assessed as plant height at 10 L/hectare measured after 50 days
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
102.8
cm
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato field assessed as reduction in number of nematodes in soil at 5 L/hectare measured after 60 days
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato field assessed as reduction in number of nematodes in soil at 7.5 L/hectare measured after 60 days
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato field assessed as reduction in number of nematodes in soil at 10 L/hectare measured after 60 days
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato field assessed as reduction in number of nematodes in soil at 5 L/hectare measured after 40 days
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato field assessed as reduction in number of nematodes in soil at 7.5 L/hectare measured after 40 days
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato field assessed as reduction in number of nematodes in soil at 10 L/hectare measured after 40 days
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato field assessed as reduction in number of nematodes in soil at 5 L/hectare measured after 20 days
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato field assessed as reduction in number of nematodes in soil at 7.5 L/hectare measured after 20 days
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato field assessed as reduction in number of nematodes in soil at 10 L/hectare measured after 20 days
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato plant under greenhouse condition assessed as fresh root weight at 5 L/hectare measured after 30 days
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
0.98
g
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato plant under greenhouse condition assessed as fresh root weight at 7.5 L/hectare measured after 30 days
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
1.09
g
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato plant under greenhouse condition assessed as fresh root weight at 10 L/hectare measured after 30 days
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
1.14
g
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato plant under greenhouse condition assessed as plant vigour at 5 L/hectare measured after 30 days
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
85.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato plant under greenhouse condition assessed as plant vigour at 7.5 L/hectare measured after 30 days
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
87.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato plant under greenhouse condition assessed as plant vigour at 10 L/hectare measured after 30 days
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
92.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato plant under greenhouse condition assessed as plant height at 5 L/hectare measured after 30 days
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
35.4
cm
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato plant under greenhouse condition assessed as plant height at 7.5 L/hectare measured after 30 days
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
37.5
cm
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) assessed as mortality after 48 hr
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
21.81
mgAi/L
|
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) assessed as mortality after 48 hr
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
7.06
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato plant under greenhouse condition assessed as plant height at 10 L/hectare measured after 30 days
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
39.2
cm
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato plant under greenhouse condition assessed as reduction in root galling index at 5 L/hectare measured after 30 days
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato plant under greenhouse condition assessed as reduction in root galling index at 7.5 L/hectare measured after 30 days
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) infested tomato plant under greenhouse condition assessed as reduction in root galling index at 10 L/hectare measured after 30 days
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) assessed as per seed
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
0.28
mgAi
|
|
Nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) assessed as per seed
|
Meloidogyne incognita
|
0.016
mgAi
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 853
Last Page : 857
Authors : Qiao K, Liu X, Wang H, Xia X, Ji X, Wang K.
Abstract : Tomato growers in Shandong Province, China, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. Current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (MeBr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. Therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.Laboratory tests showed that abamectin exhibited rapid knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita, with LC(50) and LC(90) values that were superior to those of cadusafos and averaged 7.06 and 21.81 mg L(-1). In the greenhouse pot experiment, soil applications of abamectin provided significant M. incognita control similar to that provided by cadusafos while maintaining excellent plant height and vigour. In the field trials, abamectin exhibited excellent control effects to nematodes while giving a higher tomato yield. There was a 19.3-39.0% yield increase from the various treatments compared with the control, and the best results were obtained from the highest dose of abamectin.The results of this study demonstrated that abamectin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative to MeBr and cadusafos for nematode control in tomato production in Shandong Province.
|
Resistance ratio of LC50 for spirodiclofen-resistant Tetranychus urticae SR-VP (two-spotted spider mite) adults to LC50 for spirodiclofen-susceptible Tetranychus urticae LS-VL (two-spotted spider mite) adults
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
1.3
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Genetic and biochemical analysis of a laboratory-selected spirodiclofen-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae).
Year : 2009
Volume : 65
Issue : 4
First Page : 358
Last Page : 366
Authors : Van Pottelberge S, Van Leeuwen T, Khajehali J, Tirry L.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Spirodiclofen is a selective, non-systemic acaricide from the new chemical class of tetronic acid derivatives. In order to develop strategies to minimise resistance in the field, a laboratory-selected spirodiclofen-resistant strain of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, was used to determine genetic, toxicological, biochemical and cross-resistance data. RESULTS: Selecting for spirodiclofen resistance in the laboratory yielded a strain (SR-VP) with a resistance ratio of 274, determined on the larval stage. The egg stage remained far more susceptible. No cross-resistance was found against other established acaricides, except for spiromesifen. Based on synergist experiments and enzyme assays, it appeared that especially P450 monooxygenases, but also esterases and glutathione-S-transferases, could be involved in the metabolic detoxification of spirodiclofen. Genetic analysis showed that the resistance is inherited as an intermediate trait under control of more than one gene. CONCLUSIONS: Resistance to spirodiclofen exceeded by far the recommended field rate. A good acaricide resistance management programme is necessary to prevent fast resistance build-up in the field. Spirodiclofen can be used in alternation with most established acaricides, except for other tetronic acid derivatives. Without selection pressure, resistance tends to be unstable and can decrease in the presence of susceptible individuals owing to the intermediate, polygenic inheritance mode.
|
Insecticidal activity against spirodiclofen-resistant Tetranychus urticae SR-VP (two-spotted spider mite) adults in kidney bean leaf disks assessed as mortality measured after 2 days
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
0.52
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Genetic and biochemical analysis of a laboratory-selected spirodiclofen-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae).
Year : 2009
Volume : 65
Issue : 4
First Page : 358
Last Page : 366
Authors : Van Pottelberge S, Van Leeuwen T, Khajehali J, Tirry L.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Spirodiclofen is a selective, non-systemic acaricide from the new chemical class of tetronic acid derivatives. In order to develop strategies to minimise resistance in the field, a laboratory-selected spirodiclofen-resistant strain of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, was used to determine genetic, toxicological, biochemical and cross-resistance data. RESULTS: Selecting for spirodiclofen resistance in the laboratory yielded a strain (SR-VP) with a resistance ratio of 274, determined on the larval stage. The egg stage remained far more susceptible. No cross-resistance was found against other established acaricides, except for spiromesifen. Based on synergist experiments and enzyme assays, it appeared that especially P450 monooxygenases, but also esterases and glutathione-S-transferases, could be involved in the metabolic detoxification of spirodiclofen. Genetic analysis showed that the resistance is inherited as an intermediate trait under control of more than one gene. CONCLUSIONS: Resistance to spirodiclofen exceeded by far the recommended field rate. A good acaricide resistance management programme is necessary to prevent fast resistance build-up in the field. Spirodiclofen can be used in alternation with most established acaricides, except for other tetronic acid derivatives. Without selection pressure, resistance tends to be unstable and can decrease in the presence of susceptible individuals owing to the intermediate, polygenic inheritance mode.
|
Insecticidal activity against spirodiclofen-susceptible Tetranychus urticae LS-VL (two-spotted spider mite) adults in kidney bean leaf disks assessed as mortality after 2 day
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
0.4
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Genetic and biochemical analysis of a laboratory-selected spirodiclofen-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae).
Year : 2009
Volume : 65
Issue : 4
First Page : 358
Last Page : 366
Authors : Van Pottelberge S, Van Leeuwen T, Khajehali J, Tirry L.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Spirodiclofen is a selective, non-systemic acaricide from the new chemical class of tetronic acid derivatives. In order to develop strategies to minimise resistance in the field, a laboratory-selected spirodiclofen-resistant strain of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, was used to determine genetic, toxicological, biochemical and cross-resistance data. RESULTS: Selecting for spirodiclofen resistance in the laboratory yielded a strain (SR-VP) with a resistance ratio of 274, determined on the larval stage. The egg stage remained far more susceptible. No cross-resistance was found against other established acaricides, except for spiromesifen. Based on synergist experiments and enzyme assays, it appeared that especially P450 monooxygenases, but also esterases and glutathione-S-transferases, could be involved in the metabolic detoxification of spirodiclofen. Genetic analysis showed that the resistance is inherited as an intermediate trait under control of more than one gene. CONCLUSIONS: Resistance to spirodiclofen exceeded by far the recommended field rate. A good acaricide resistance management programme is necessary to prevent fast resistance build-up in the field. Spirodiclofen can be used in alternation with most established acaricides, except for other tetronic acid derivatives. Without selection pressure, resistance tends to be unstable and can decrease in the presence of susceptible individuals owing to the intermediate, polygenic inheritance mode.
|
Cross resistant, ratio of LC50 for B-biotype thiamethoxam-resistant Bemisia tabaci (sweet potato whitefly) to LC50 for B-biotype thiamethoxam-sensitive Bemisia tabaci (sweet potato whitefly)
|
Bemisia tabaci
|
5.33
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Cross-resistance study and biochemical mechanisms of thiamethoxam resistance in B-biotype Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 3
First Page : 313
Last Page : 318
Authors : Feng Y, Wu Q, Wang S, Chang X, Xie W, Xu B, Zhang Y.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: B-biotype Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) has invaded China over the past two decades. To understand the risks and to determine possible mechanisms of resistance to thiamethoxam in B. tabaci, a resistant strain was selected in the laboratory. Cross-resistance and the biochemical mechanisms of thiamethoxam resistance were investigated in the present study. RESULTS: A 66.3-fold thiamethoxam-resistant B. tabaci strain (TH-R) was established after selection for 36 generations. Compared with the susceptible strain (TH-S), the selected TH-R strain showed obvious cross-resistance to imidacloprid (47.3-fold), acetamiprid (35.8-fold), nitenpyram (9.99-fold), abamectin (5.33-fold) and carbosulfan (4.43-fold). No cross-resistance to fipronil, chlorpyrifos or deltamethrin was seen. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP) exhibited significant synergism on thiamethoxam effects in the TH-R strain (3.14- and 2.37-fold respectively). However, diethyl maleate (DEM) did not act synergistically with thiamethoxam. Biochemical assays showed that cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activities increased 1.21- and 1.68-fold respectively, and carboxylesterase activity increased 2.96-fold in the TH-R strain. However, no difference was observed for glutathione S-transferase between the two strains. CONCLUSION: B-biotype B. tabaci develops resistance to thiamethoxam. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and carboxylesterase appear to be responsible for the resistance. Reasonable resistance management that avoids the use of cross-resistance insecticides may delay the development of resistance to thiamethoxam in this species.
|
Insecticidal activity against B-biotype thiamethoxam-resistant Bemisia tabaci (sweet potato whitefly) in cabbage leaf assessed as mortality after 48 hr by leaf disk assay
|
Bemisia tabaci
|
0.64
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Cross-resistance study and biochemical mechanisms of thiamethoxam resistance in B-biotype Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 3
First Page : 313
Last Page : 318
Authors : Feng Y, Wu Q, Wang S, Chang X, Xie W, Xu B, Zhang Y.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: B-biotype Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) has invaded China over the past two decades. To understand the risks and to determine possible mechanisms of resistance to thiamethoxam in B. tabaci, a resistant strain was selected in the laboratory. Cross-resistance and the biochemical mechanisms of thiamethoxam resistance were investigated in the present study. RESULTS: A 66.3-fold thiamethoxam-resistant B. tabaci strain (TH-R) was established after selection for 36 generations. Compared with the susceptible strain (TH-S), the selected TH-R strain showed obvious cross-resistance to imidacloprid (47.3-fold), acetamiprid (35.8-fold), nitenpyram (9.99-fold), abamectin (5.33-fold) and carbosulfan (4.43-fold). No cross-resistance to fipronil, chlorpyrifos or deltamethrin was seen. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP) exhibited significant synergism on thiamethoxam effects in the TH-R strain (3.14- and 2.37-fold respectively). However, diethyl maleate (DEM) did not act synergistically with thiamethoxam. Biochemical assays showed that cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activities increased 1.21- and 1.68-fold respectively, and carboxylesterase activity increased 2.96-fold in the TH-R strain. However, no difference was observed for glutathione S-transferase between the two strains. CONCLUSION: B-biotype B. tabaci develops resistance to thiamethoxam. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and carboxylesterase appear to be responsible for the resistance. Reasonable resistance management that avoids the use of cross-resistance insecticides may delay the development of resistance to thiamethoxam in this species.
|
Insecticidal activity against B-biotype thiamethoxam-sensitive Bemisia tabaci (sweet potato whitefly) in cabbage leaf assessed as mortality after 48 hr by leaf disk assay
|
Bemisia tabaci
|
0.12
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Cross-resistance study and biochemical mechanisms of thiamethoxam resistance in B-biotype Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 3
First Page : 313
Last Page : 318
Authors : Feng Y, Wu Q, Wang S, Chang X, Xie W, Xu B, Zhang Y.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: B-biotype Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) has invaded China over the past two decades. To understand the risks and to determine possible mechanisms of resistance to thiamethoxam in B. tabaci, a resistant strain was selected in the laboratory. Cross-resistance and the biochemical mechanisms of thiamethoxam resistance were investigated in the present study. RESULTS: A 66.3-fold thiamethoxam-resistant B. tabaci strain (TH-R) was established after selection for 36 generations. Compared with the susceptible strain (TH-S), the selected TH-R strain showed obvious cross-resistance to imidacloprid (47.3-fold), acetamiprid (35.8-fold), nitenpyram (9.99-fold), abamectin (5.33-fold) and carbosulfan (4.43-fold). No cross-resistance to fipronil, chlorpyrifos or deltamethrin was seen. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP) exhibited significant synergism on thiamethoxam effects in the TH-R strain (3.14- and 2.37-fold respectively). However, diethyl maleate (DEM) did not act synergistically with thiamethoxam. Biochemical assays showed that cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activities increased 1.21- and 1.68-fold respectively, and carboxylesterase activity increased 2.96-fold in the TH-R strain. However, no difference was observed for glutathione S-transferase between the two strains. CONCLUSION: B-biotype B. tabaci develops resistance to thiamethoxam. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and carboxylesterase appear to be responsible for the resistance. Reasonable resistance management that avoids the use of cross-resistance insecticides may delay the development of resistance to thiamethoxam in this species.
|
Insecticidal activity against young stage of Cacopsylla melanoneura in apple plant assessed as mortality at 16.6 g/ha treated for 14 days measured after 7 days relative to control
|
Cacopsylla melanoneura
|
71.7
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effectiveness of five insecticides for the control of adults and young stages of Cacopsylla melanoneura (Förster) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in a semi-field trial.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 3
First Page : 308
Last Page : 312
Authors : Baldessari M, Trona F, Angeli G, Ioriatti C.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Cacopsylla melanoneura (Förster) is a vector of Candidatus Phytoplasma mali, the causal agent of one of the most serious diseases in European apple orchards, apple proliferation (AP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of five insecticides from different chemical groups (carbamates, chitin inhibitors, insect growth regulators, organophosphates and pyrethroids) towards overwintered adults and young stages of C. melanoneura under semi-field conditions. RESULTS: The organophosphate chlorpyrifos and the pyrethroid etofenprox caused higher mortality of overwintered adults than diflubenzuron, fenoxycarb and abamectin, with mortality values exceeding 90%. All the pesticides tested reduced the number of progeny per female and, except for abamectin, were highly effective against young stages, with a long-lasting effect. CONCLUSION: An integrated management of the vector is currently required to prevent the spread of AP. The reference insecticides, chlorpyrifos and etofenprox, have a strong toxicity and persistence against all stages of the vector. In apple orchard IPM programmes, the chitin inhibitors and the insect growth regulators could be part of an alternative and more sustainable strategy for the control of C. melanoneura owing to their effectiveness against immature stages.
|
Insecticidal activity against young stage of Cacopsylla melanoneura in apple plant assessed as mortality at 16.6 g/ha treated for 7 days measured after 7 days relative to control
|
Cacopsylla melanoneura
|
95.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effectiveness of five insecticides for the control of adults and young stages of Cacopsylla melanoneura (Förster) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in a semi-field trial.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 3
First Page : 308
Last Page : 312
Authors : Baldessari M, Trona F, Angeli G, Ioriatti C.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Cacopsylla melanoneura (Förster) is a vector of Candidatus Phytoplasma mali, the causal agent of one of the most serious diseases in European apple orchards, apple proliferation (AP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of five insecticides from different chemical groups (carbamates, chitin inhibitors, insect growth regulators, organophosphates and pyrethroids) towards overwintered adults and young stages of C. melanoneura under semi-field conditions. RESULTS: The organophosphate chlorpyrifos and the pyrethroid etofenprox caused higher mortality of overwintered adults than diflubenzuron, fenoxycarb and abamectin, with mortality values exceeding 90%. All the pesticides tested reduced the number of progeny per female and, except for abamectin, were highly effective against young stages, with a long-lasting effect. CONCLUSION: An integrated management of the vector is currently required to prevent the spread of AP. The reference insecticides, chlorpyrifos and etofenprox, have a strong toxicity and persistence against all stages of the vector. In apple orchard IPM programmes, the chitin inhibitors and the insect growth regulators could be part of an alternative and more sustainable strategy for the control of C. melanoneura owing to their effectiveness against immature stages.
|
Insecticidal activity against young stage of Cacopsylla melanoneura in apple plant assessed as mortality at 16.6 g/ha treated for 1 hr measured after 7 days relative to control
|
Cacopsylla melanoneura
|
75.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effectiveness of five insecticides for the control of adults and young stages of Cacopsylla melanoneura (Förster) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in a semi-field trial.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 3
First Page : 308
Last Page : 312
Authors : Baldessari M, Trona F, Angeli G, Ioriatti C.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Cacopsylla melanoneura (Förster) is a vector of Candidatus Phytoplasma mali, the causal agent of one of the most serious diseases in European apple orchards, apple proliferation (AP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of five insecticides from different chemical groups (carbamates, chitin inhibitors, insect growth regulators, organophosphates and pyrethroids) towards overwintered adults and young stages of C. melanoneura under semi-field conditions. RESULTS: The organophosphate chlorpyrifos and the pyrethroid etofenprox caused higher mortality of overwintered adults than diflubenzuron, fenoxycarb and abamectin, with mortality values exceeding 90%. All the pesticides tested reduced the number of progeny per female and, except for abamectin, were highly effective against young stages, with a long-lasting effect. CONCLUSION: An integrated management of the vector is currently required to prevent the spread of AP. The reference insecticides, chlorpyrifos and etofenprox, have a strong toxicity and persistence against all stages of the vector. In apple orchard IPM programmes, the chitin inhibitors and the insect growth regulators could be part of an alternative and more sustainable strategy for the control of C. melanoneura owing to their effectiveness against immature stages.
|
Insecticidal activity against adult of Cacopsylla melanoneura in apple plant assessed as reduction of progeny per female at 16.6 g/ha treated for 14 days measured after 7 days
|
Cacopsylla melanoneura
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effectiveness of five insecticides for the control of adults and young stages of Cacopsylla melanoneura (Förster) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in a semi-field trial.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 3
First Page : 308
Last Page : 312
Authors : Baldessari M, Trona F, Angeli G, Ioriatti C.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Cacopsylla melanoneura (Förster) is a vector of Candidatus Phytoplasma mali, the causal agent of one of the most serious diseases in European apple orchards, apple proliferation (AP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of five insecticides from different chemical groups (carbamates, chitin inhibitors, insect growth regulators, organophosphates and pyrethroids) towards overwintered adults and young stages of C. melanoneura under semi-field conditions. RESULTS: The organophosphate chlorpyrifos and the pyrethroid etofenprox caused higher mortality of overwintered adults than diflubenzuron, fenoxycarb and abamectin, with mortality values exceeding 90%. All the pesticides tested reduced the number of progeny per female and, except for abamectin, were highly effective against young stages, with a long-lasting effect. CONCLUSION: An integrated management of the vector is currently required to prevent the spread of AP. The reference insecticides, chlorpyrifos and etofenprox, have a strong toxicity and persistence against all stages of the vector. In apple orchard IPM programmes, the chitin inhibitors and the insect growth regulators could be part of an alternative and more sustainable strategy for the control of C. melanoneura owing to their effectiveness against immature stages.
|
Insecticidal activity against adult of Cacopsylla melanoneura in apple plant assessed as overwintered female mortality at 16.6 g/ha treated for 14 days measured after 3 days relative to control
|
Cacopsylla melanoneura
|
60.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effectiveness of five insecticides for the control of adults and young stages of Cacopsylla melanoneura (Förster) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in a semi-field trial.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 3
First Page : 308
Last Page : 312
Authors : Baldessari M, Trona F, Angeli G, Ioriatti C.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Cacopsylla melanoneura (Förster) is a vector of Candidatus Phytoplasma mali, the causal agent of one of the most serious diseases in European apple orchards, apple proliferation (AP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of five insecticides from different chemical groups (carbamates, chitin inhibitors, insect growth regulators, organophosphates and pyrethroids) towards overwintered adults and young stages of C. melanoneura under semi-field conditions. RESULTS: The organophosphate chlorpyrifos and the pyrethroid etofenprox caused higher mortality of overwintered adults than diflubenzuron, fenoxycarb and abamectin, with mortality values exceeding 90%. All the pesticides tested reduced the number of progeny per female and, except for abamectin, were highly effective against young stages, with a long-lasting effect. CONCLUSION: An integrated management of the vector is currently required to prevent the spread of AP. The reference insecticides, chlorpyrifos and etofenprox, have a strong toxicity and persistence against all stages of the vector. In apple orchard IPM programmes, the chitin inhibitors and the insect growth regulators could be part of an alternative and more sustainable strategy for the control of C. melanoneura owing to their effectiveness against immature stages.
|
Insecticidal activity against adult of Cacopsylla melanoneura in apple plant assessed as overwintered female mortality at 16.6 g/ha treated for 14 days measured after 1 day relative to control
|
Cacopsylla melanoneura
|
43.3
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effectiveness of five insecticides for the control of adults and young stages of Cacopsylla melanoneura (Förster) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in a semi-field trial.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 3
First Page : 308
Last Page : 312
Authors : Baldessari M, Trona F, Angeli G, Ioriatti C.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Cacopsylla melanoneura (Förster) is a vector of Candidatus Phytoplasma mali, the causal agent of one of the most serious diseases in European apple orchards, apple proliferation (AP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of five insecticides from different chemical groups (carbamates, chitin inhibitors, insect growth regulators, organophosphates and pyrethroids) towards overwintered adults and young stages of C. melanoneura under semi-field conditions. RESULTS: The organophosphate chlorpyrifos and the pyrethroid etofenprox caused higher mortality of overwintered adults than diflubenzuron, fenoxycarb and abamectin, with mortality values exceeding 90%. All the pesticides tested reduced the number of progeny per female and, except for abamectin, were highly effective against young stages, with a long-lasting effect. CONCLUSION: An integrated management of the vector is currently required to prevent the spread of AP. The reference insecticides, chlorpyrifos and etofenprox, have a strong toxicity and persistence against all stages of the vector. In apple orchard IPM programmes, the chitin inhibitors and the insect growth regulators could be part of an alternative and more sustainable strategy for the control of C. melanoneura owing to their effectiveness against immature stages.
|
Insecticidal activity against adult of Cacopsylla melanoneura in apple plant assessed as reduction of progeny per female at 16.6 g/ha treated for 7 days measured after 7 days
|
Cacopsylla melanoneura
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effectiveness of five insecticides for the control of adults and young stages of Cacopsylla melanoneura (Förster) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in a semi-field trial.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 3
First Page : 308
Last Page : 312
Authors : Baldessari M, Trona F, Angeli G, Ioriatti C.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Cacopsylla melanoneura (Förster) is a vector of Candidatus Phytoplasma mali, the causal agent of one of the most serious diseases in European apple orchards, apple proliferation (AP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of five insecticides from different chemical groups (carbamates, chitin inhibitors, insect growth regulators, organophosphates and pyrethroids) towards overwintered adults and young stages of C. melanoneura under semi-field conditions. RESULTS: The organophosphate chlorpyrifos and the pyrethroid etofenprox caused higher mortality of overwintered adults than diflubenzuron, fenoxycarb and abamectin, with mortality values exceeding 90%. All the pesticides tested reduced the number of progeny per female and, except for abamectin, were highly effective against young stages, with a long-lasting effect. CONCLUSION: An integrated management of the vector is currently required to prevent the spread of AP. The reference insecticides, chlorpyrifos and etofenprox, have a strong toxicity and persistence against all stages of the vector. In apple orchard IPM programmes, the chitin inhibitors and the insect growth regulators could be part of an alternative and more sustainable strategy for the control of C. melanoneura owing to their effectiveness against immature stages.
|
Insecticidal activity against adult of Cacopsylla melanoneura in apple plant assessed as overwintered female mortality at 16.6 g/ha treated for 7 days measured after 3 days relative to control
|
Cacopsylla melanoneura
|
30.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effectiveness of five insecticides for the control of adults and young stages of Cacopsylla melanoneura (Förster) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in a semi-field trial.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 3
First Page : 308
Last Page : 312
Authors : Baldessari M, Trona F, Angeli G, Ioriatti C.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Cacopsylla melanoneura (Förster) is a vector of Candidatus Phytoplasma mali, the causal agent of one of the most serious diseases in European apple orchards, apple proliferation (AP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of five insecticides from different chemical groups (carbamates, chitin inhibitors, insect growth regulators, organophosphates and pyrethroids) towards overwintered adults and young stages of C. melanoneura under semi-field conditions. RESULTS: The organophosphate chlorpyrifos and the pyrethroid etofenprox caused higher mortality of overwintered adults than diflubenzuron, fenoxycarb and abamectin, with mortality values exceeding 90%. All the pesticides tested reduced the number of progeny per female and, except for abamectin, were highly effective against young stages, with a long-lasting effect. CONCLUSION: An integrated management of the vector is currently required to prevent the spread of AP. The reference insecticides, chlorpyrifos and etofenprox, have a strong toxicity and persistence against all stages of the vector. In apple orchard IPM programmes, the chitin inhibitors and the insect growth regulators could be part of an alternative and more sustainable strategy for the control of C. melanoneura owing to their effectiveness against immature stages.
|
Insecticidal activity against Drosophila suzukii assessed as male mortality at 3.31 g/ha by direct application at 22 degC measured after 24 hr
|
Drosophila suzukii
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Laboratory and field comparisons of insecticides to reduce infestation of Drosophila suzukii in berry crops.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 11
First Page : 1375
Last Page : 1385
Authors : Bruck DJ, Bolda M, Tanigoshi L, Klick J, Kleiber J, DeFrancesco J, Gerdeman B, Spitler H.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The spotted wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an invasive pest of small-fruit crops. Unlike most other Drosophila, this insect is able to oviposit into and damage ripe and ripening fruit, making it unmarketable. Because this is a new pest in the United States, it is necessary to identify registered insecticides to manage this insect effectively in conventional and organic production systems. RESULTS: The present laboratory bioassays and field trials identified a number of insecticides representing various modes of action that are effective in controlling D. suzukii. Products that performed well in the laboratory bioassay also performed well in the field, indicating that screening of new chemistries in the laboratory is a worthy exercise. Field application of pyrethoids, organophosphates or spinosyns provided 5-14 days of residual control of D. suzukii. The efficacy of the neonicotinoids as adulticides was not satisfactory compared with the other contact-mode-of-action chemistries. Based on the zero tolerance by the small-fruit industry and the individual effects mentioned above, neonicotinoids are not currently recommended for D. suzukii management. CONCLUSIONS: There are effective insecticides registered for controlling D. suzukii infestations in susceptible small-fruit crops.
|
Insecticidal activity against Drosophila suzukii assessed as male mortality at 41 g/ha by direct application at 22 degC measured after 24 hr
|
Drosophila suzukii
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Laboratory and field comparisons of insecticides to reduce infestation of Drosophila suzukii in berry crops.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 11
First Page : 1375
Last Page : 1385
Authors : Bruck DJ, Bolda M, Tanigoshi L, Klick J, Kleiber J, DeFrancesco J, Gerdeman B, Spitler H.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The spotted wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an invasive pest of small-fruit crops. Unlike most other Drosophila, this insect is able to oviposit into and damage ripe and ripening fruit, making it unmarketable. Because this is a new pest in the United States, it is necessary to identify registered insecticides to manage this insect effectively in conventional and organic production systems. RESULTS: The present laboratory bioassays and field trials identified a number of insecticides representing various modes of action that are effective in controlling D. suzukii. Products that performed well in the laboratory bioassay also performed well in the field, indicating that screening of new chemistries in the laboratory is a worthy exercise. Field application of pyrethoids, organophosphates or spinosyns provided 5-14 days of residual control of D. suzukii. The efficacy of the neonicotinoids as adulticides was not satisfactory compared with the other contact-mode-of-action chemistries. Based on the zero tolerance by the small-fruit industry and the individual effects mentioned above, neonicotinoids are not currently recommended for D. suzukii management. CONCLUSIONS: There are effective insecticides registered for controlling D. suzukii infestations in susceptible small-fruit crops.
|
Insecticidal activity against Drosophila suzukii assessed as male mortality at 112.3 g/ha by direct application at 22 degC measured after 24 hr
|
Drosophila suzukii
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Laboratory and field comparisons of insecticides to reduce infestation of Drosophila suzukii in berry crops.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 11
First Page : 1375
Last Page : 1385
Authors : Bruck DJ, Bolda M, Tanigoshi L, Klick J, Kleiber J, DeFrancesco J, Gerdeman B, Spitler H.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The spotted wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an invasive pest of small-fruit crops. Unlike most other Drosophila, this insect is able to oviposit into and damage ripe and ripening fruit, making it unmarketable. Because this is a new pest in the United States, it is necessary to identify registered insecticides to manage this insect effectively in conventional and organic production systems. RESULTS: The present laboratory bioassays and field trials identified a number of insecticides representing various modes of action that are effective in controlling D. suzukii. Products that performed well in the laboratory bioassay also performed well in the field, indicating that screening of new chemistries in the laboratory is a worthy exercise. Field application of pyrethoids, organophosphates or spinosyns provided 5-14 days of residual control of D. suzukii. The efficacy of the neonicotinoids as adulticides was not satisfactory compared with the other contact-mode-of-action chemistries. Based on the zero tolerance by the small-fruit industry and the individual effects mentioned above, neonicotinoids are not currently recommended for D. suzukii management. CONCLUSIONS: There are effective insecticides registered for controlling D. suzukii infestations in susceptible small-fruit crops.
|
Insecticidal activity against Drosophila suzukii assessed as male mortality at 2.3 g/ha by direct application at 22 degC measured after 24 hr
|
Drosophila suzukii
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Laboratory and field comparisons of insecticides to reduce infestation of Drosophila suzukii in berry crops.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 11
First Page : 1375
Last Page : 1385
Authors : Bruck DJ, Bolda M, Tanigoshi L, Klick J, Kleiber J, DeFrancesco J, Gerdeman B, Spitler H.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The spotted wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an invasive pest of small-fruit crops. Unlike most other Drosophila, this insect is able to oviposit into and damage ripe and ripening fruit, making it unmarketable. Because this is a new pest in the United States, it is necessary to identify registered insecticides to manage this insect effectively in conventional and organic production systems. RESULTS: The present laboratory bioassays and field trials identified a number of insecticides representing various modes of action that are effective in controlling D. suzukii. Products that performed well in the laboratory bioassay also performed well in the field, indicating that screening of new chemistries in the laboratory is a worthy exercise. Field application of pyrethoids, organophosphates or spinosyns provided 5-14 days of residual control of D. suzukii. The efficacy of the neonicotinoids as adulticides was not satisfactory compared with the other contact-mode-of-action chemistries. Based on the zero tolerance by the small-fruit industry and the individual effects mentioned above, neonicotinoids are not currently recommended for D. suzukii management. CONCLUSIONS: There are effective insecticides registered for controlling D. suzukii infestations in susceptible small-fruit crops.
|
Insecticidal activity against Drosophila suzukii assessed as mortality at 3.31 g/ha by direct application at 22 degC measured after 24 hr
|
Drosophila suzukii
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Laboratory and field comparisons of insecticides to reduce infestation of Drosophila suzukii in berry crops.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 11
First Page : 1375
Last Page : 1385
Authors : Bruck DJ, Bolda M, Tanigoshi L, Klick J, Kleiber J, DeFrancesco J, Gerdeman B, Spitler H.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The spotted wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an invasive pest of small-fruit crops. Unlike most other Drosophila, this insect is able to oviposit into and damage ripe and ripening fruit, making it unmarketable. Because this is a new pest in the United States, it is necessary to identify registered insecticides to manage this insect effectively in conventional and organic production systems. RESULTS: The present laboratory bioassays and field trials identified a number of insecticides representing various modes of action that are effective in controlling D. suzukii. Products that performed well in the laboratory bioassay also performed well in the field, indicating that screening of new chemistries in the laboratory is a worthy exercise. Field application of pyrethoids, organophosphates or spinosyns provided 5-14 days of residual control of D. suzukii. The efficacy of the neonicotinoids as adulticides was not satisfactory compared with the other contact-mode-of-action chemistries. Based on the zero tolerance by the small-fruit industry and the individual effects mentioned above, neonicotinoids are not currently recommended for D. suzukii management. CONCLUSIONS: There are effective insecticides registered for controlling D. suzukii infestations in susceptible small-fruit crops.
|
Resistance ratio, ratio of LC50 for third-instar larvae of fufenozide-resistant Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) to LC50 for third-instar larvae of fufenozide-susceptible Plutella xylostella
|
Plutella xylostella
|
7.02
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Cross-resistance patterns and fitness in fufenozide-resistant diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae).
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 2
First Page : 285
Last Page : 289
Authors : Sun J, Liang P, Gao X.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Fufenozide is a novel non-steroidal ecdysone agonist with good efficacy against diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). At present, it is widely applied for the control of a range of lepidopterous pests in China. This study compared the activities of fufenozide and 12 other insecticides against unselected and fufenozide-selected strains of DBM to examine potential patterns of cross-resistance. The relative fitness of the fufenozide-selected strain was assessed to provide information pertinent to insecticide resistance management. RESULTS: Compared with the susceptible strain (JSS), the fufenozide-resistant strain (JSR) showed high cross-resistance to dibenzoylhydrazines and benzoylphenylureas, low cross-resistance to abamectin and no cross-resistance to organophosphates, carbamates and pyrethroids. JSR had a lower reproductive ability and a relative fitness of 0.5 compared with JSS. CONCLUSION: P. xylostella has the potential to develop resistance to fufenozide, albeit at the expense of fitness. Cross-resistance between the same and other classes of insecticides is of concern, and should be a key consideration when implementing fufenozide-based control strategies for this species.
|
Insecticidal activity against third-instar larvae of fufenozide-susceptible Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) assessed as mortality by leaf-dip bioassay method
|
Plutella xylostella
|
1.12
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Cross-resistance patterns and fitness in fufenozide-resistant diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae).
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 2
First Page : 285
Last Page : 289
Authors : Sun J, Liang P, Gao X.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Fufenozide is a novel non-steroidal ecdysone agonist with good efficacy against diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). At present, it is widely applied for the control of a range of lepidopterous pests in China. This study compared the activities of fufenozide and 12 other insecticides against unselected and fufenozide-selected strains of DBM to examine potential patterns of cross-resistance. The relative fitness of the fufenozide-selected strain was assessed to provide information pertinent to insecticide resistance management. RESULTS: Compared with the susceptible strain (JSS), the fufenozide-resistant strain (JSR) showed high cross-resistance to dibenzoylhydrazines and benzoylphenylureas, low cross-resistance to abamectin and no cross-resistance to organophosphates, carbamates and pyrethroids. JSR had a lower reproductive ability and a relative fitness of 0.5 compared with JSS. CONCLUSION: P. xylostella has the potential to develop resistance to fufenozide, albeit at the expense of fitness. Cross-resistance between the same and other classes of insecticides is of concern, and should be a key consideration when implementing fufenozide-based control strategies for this species.
|
Insecticidal activity against third-instar larvae of fufenozide-resistant Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) assessed as mortality by leaf-dip bioassay method
|
Plutella xylostella
|
7.87
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Cross-resistance patterns and fitness in fufenozide-resistant diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae).
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 2
First Page : 285
Last Page : 289
Authors : Sun J, Liang P, Gao X.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Fufenozide is a novel non-steroidal ecdysone agonist with good efficacy against diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). At present, it is widely applied for the control of a range of lepidopterous pests in China. This study compared the activities of fufenozide and 12 other insecticides against unselected and fufenozide-selected strains of DBM to examine potential patterns of cross-resistance. The relative fitness of the fufenozide-selected strain was assessed to provide information pertinent to insecticide resistance management. RESULTS: Compared with the susceptible strain (JSS), the fufenozide-resistant strain (JSR) showed high cross-resistance to dibenzoylhydrazines and benzoylphenylureas, low cross-resistance to abamectin and no cross-resistance to organophosphates, carbamates and pyrethroids. JSR had a lower reproductive ability and a relative fitness of 0.5 compared with JSS. CONCLUSION: P. xylostella has the potential to develop resistance to fufenozide, albeit at the expense of fitness. Cross-resistance between the same and other classes of insecticides is of concern, and should be a key consideration when implementing fufenozide-based control strategies for this species.
|
Insecticidal activity against adult of Cacopsylla melanoneura in apple plant assessed as overwintered female mortality at 16.6 g/ha treated for 7 days measured after 1 day relative to control
|
Cacopsylla melanoneura
|
16.7
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effectiveness of five insecticides for the control of adults and young stages of Cacopsylla melanoneura (Förster) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in a semi-field trial.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 3
First Page : 308
Last Page : 312
Authors : Baldessari M, Trona F, Angeli G, Ioriatti C.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Cacopsylla melanoneura (Förster) is a vector of Candidatus Phytoplasma mali, the causal agent of one of the most serious diseases in European apple orchards, apple proliferation (AP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of five insecticides from different chemical groups (carbamates, chitin inhibitors, insect growth regulators, organophosphates and pyrethroids) towards overwintered adults and young stages of C. melanoneura under semi-field conditions. RESULTS: The organophosphate chlorpyrifos and the pyrethroid etofenprox caused higher mortality of overwintered adults than diflubenzuron, fenoxycarb and abamectin, with mortality values exceeding 90%. All the pesticides tested reduced the number of progeny per female and, except for abamectin, were highly effective against young stages, with a long-lasting effect. CONCLUSION: An integrated management of the vector is currently required to prevent the spread of AP. The reference insecticides, chlorpyrifos and etofenprox, have a strong toxicity and persistence against all stages of the vector. In apple orchard IPM programmes, the chitin inhibitors and the insect growth regulators could be part of an alternative and more sustainable strategy for the control of C. melanoneura owing to their effectiveness against immature stages.
|
Insecticidal activity against adult of Cacopsylla melanoneura in apple plant assessed as reduction of progeny per female at 16.6 g/ha treated for 1 hr measured after 7 days
|
Cacopsylla melanoneura
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effectiveness of five insecticides for the control of adults and young stages of Cacopsylla melanoneura (Förster) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in a semi-field trial.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 3
First Page : 308
Last Page : 312
Authors : Baldessari M, Trona F, Angeli G, Ioriatti C.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Cacopsylla melanoneura (Förster) is a vector of Candidatus Phytoplasma mali, the causal agent of one of the most serious diseases in European apple orchards, apple proliferation (AP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of five insecticides from different chemical groups (carbamates, chitin inhibitors, insect growth regulators, organophosphates and pyrethroids) towards overwintered adults and young stages of C. melanoneura under semi-field conditions. RESULTS: The organophosphate chlorpyrifos and the pyrethroid etofenprox caused higher mortality of overwintered adults than diflubenzuron, fenoxycarb and abamectin, with mortality values exceeding 90%. All the pesticides tested reduced the number of progeny per female and, except for abamectin, were highly effective against young stages, with a long-lasting effect. CONCLUSION: An integrated management of the vector is currently required to prevent the spread of AP. The reference insecticides, chlorpyrifos and etofenprox, have a strong toxicity and persistence against all stages of the vector. In apple orchard IPM programmes, the chitin inhibitors and the insect growth regulators could be part of an alternative and more sustainable strategy for the control of C. melanoneura owing to their effectiveness against immature stages.
|
Insecticidal activity against adult of Cacopsylla melanoneura in apple plant assessed as overwintered female mortality at 16.6 g/ha treated for 1 hr measured after 3 days relative to control
|
Cacopsylla melanoneura
|
36.7
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effectiveness of five insecticides for the control of adults and young stages of Cacopsylla melanoneura (Förster) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in a semi-field trial.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 3
First Page : 308
Last Page : 312
Authors : Baldessari M, Trona F, Angeli G, Ioriatti C.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Cacopsylla melanoneura (Förster) is a vector of Candidatus Phytoplasma mali, the causal agent of one of the most serious diseases in European apple orchards, apple proliferation (AP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of five insecticides from different chemical groups (carbamates, chitin inhibitors, insect growth regulators, organophosphates and pyrethroids) towards overwintered adults and young stages of C. melanoneura under semi-field conditions. RESULTS: The organophosphate chlorpyrifos and the pyrethroid etofenprox caused higher mortality of overwintered adults than diflubenzuron, fenoxycarb and abamectin, with mortality values exceeding 90%. All the pesticides tested reduced the number of progeny per female and, except for abamectin, were highly effective against young stages, with a long-lasting effect. CONCLUSION: An integrated management of the vector is currently required to prevent the spread of AP. The reference insecticides, chlorpyrifos and etofenprox, have a strong toxicity and persistence against all stages of the vector. In apple orchard IPM programmes, the chitin inhibitors and the insect growth regulators could be part of an alternative and more sustainable strategy for the control of C. melanoneura owing to their effectiveness against immature stages.
|
Insecticidal activity against adult of Cacopsylla melanoneura in apple plant assessed as overwintered female mortality at 16.6 g/ha treated for 1 hr measured after 1 day relative to control
|
Cacopsylla melanoneura
|
33.3
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effectiveness of five insecticides for the control of adults and young stages of Cacopsylla melanoneura (Förster) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in a semi-field trial.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 3
First Page : 308
Last Page : 312
Authors : Baldessari M, Trona F, Angeli G, Ioriatti C.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Cacopsylla melanoneura (Förster) is a vector of Candidatus Phytoplasma mali, the causal agent of one of the most serious diseases in European apple orchards, apple proliferation (AP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of five insecticides from different chemical groups (carbamates, chitin inhibitors, insect growth regulators, organophosphates and pyrethroids) towards overwintered adults and young stages of C. melanoneura under semi-field conditions. RESULTS: The organophosphate chlorpyrifos and the pyrethroid etofenprox caused higher mortality of overwintered adults than diflubenzuron, fenoxycarb and abamectin, with mortality values exceeding 90%. All the pesticides tested reduced the number of progeny per female and, except for abamectin, were highly effective against young stages, with a long-lasting effect. CONCLUSION: An integrated management of the vector is currently required to prevent the spread of AP. The reference insecticides, chlorpyrifos and etofenprox, have a strong toxicity and persistence against all stages of the vector. In apple orchard IPM programmes, the chitin inhibitors and the insect growth regulators could be part of an alternative and more sustainable strategy for the control of C. melanoneura owing to their effectiveness against immature stages.
