|
Resistant ratio, LC90 for Tetranychus urticae FPY 14 (two-spotted spider mite) to LC90 for Tetranychus urticae GSS
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
55.52
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Resistant ratio, LC90 for Tetranychus urticae Sel13 (two-spotted spider mite) to LC90 for Tetranychus urticae GSS
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
53.82
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Resistant ratio, LC90 for Tetranychus urticae Sel12 (two-spotted spider mite) to LC90 for Tetranychus urticae GSS
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
57.67
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Resistant ratio, LC90 for Tetranychus urticae Sel10 (two-spotted spider mite) to LC90 for Tetranychus urticae GSS
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
54.63
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Resistant ratio, LC90 for Tetranychus urticae Sel11 (two-spotted spider mite) to LC90 for Tetranychus urticae GSS
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
56.57
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Resistant ratio, LC90 for Tetranychus urticae Sel9 (two-spotted spider mite) to LC90 for Tetranychus urticae GSS
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
23.42
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Resistant ratio, LC90 for Tetranychus urticae Sel8 (two-spotted spider mite) to LC90 for Tetranychus urticae GSS
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
24.64
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Resistant ratio, LC90 for Tetranychus urticae Sel7 (two-spotted spider mite) to LC90 for Tetranychus urticae GSS
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
23.41
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Resistant ratio, LC90 for Tetranychus urticae Sel6 (two-spotted spider mite) to LC90 for Tetranychus urticae GSS
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
18.3
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Resistant ratio, LC90 for Tetranychus urticae Sel5 (two-spotted spider mite) to LC90 for Tetranychus urticae GSS
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
11.04
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Resistant ratio, LC90 for Tetranychus urticae Sel4 (two-spotted spider mite) to LC90 for Tetranychus urticae GSS
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
10.75
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Resistant ratio, LC90 for Tetranychus urticae Sel3 (two-spotted spider mite) to LC90 for Tetranychus urticae GSS
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
10.26
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Resistant ratio, LC90 for Tetranychus urticae Sel2 (two-spotted spider mite) to LC90 for Tetranychus urticae GSS
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
1.44
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Resistant ratio, LC90 for Tetranychus urticae Sel1 (two-spotted spider mite) to LC90 for Tetranychus urticae GSS
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
0.99
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Resistant ratio, LC50 for Tetranychus urticae FPY 14 (two-spotted spider mite) to LC50 for Tetranychus urticae GSS
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
64.43
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Resistant ratio, LC90 for Tetranychus urticae BEYO (two-spotted spider mite) to LC90 for Tetranychus urticae GSS
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
1.01
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Resistant ratio, LC50 for Tetranychus urticae Sel13 (two-spotted spider mite) to LC50 for Tetranychus urticae GSS
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
59.08
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Resistant ratio, LC50 for Tetranychus urticae Sel12 (two-spotted spider mite) to LC50 for Tetranychus urticae GSS
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
53.52
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Resistant ratio, LC50 for Tetranychus urticae Sel10 (two-spotted spider mite) to LC50 for Tetranychus urticae GSS
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
47.19
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Resistant ratio, LC50 for Tetranychus urticae Sel11 (two-spotted spider mite) to LC50 for Tetranychus urticae GSS
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
51.97
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Resistant ratio, LC50 for Tetranychus urticae Sel9 (two-spotted spider mite) to LC50 for Tetranychus urticae GSS
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
31.38
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Resistant ratio, LC50 for Tetranychus urticae Sel8 (two-spotted spider mite) to LC50 for Tetranychus urticae GSS
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
21.44
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Resistant ratio, LC50 for Tetranychus urticae Sel6 (two-spotted spider mite) to LC50 for Tetranychus urticae GSS
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
15.02
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Resistant ratio, LC50 for Tetranychus urticae Sel7 (two-spotted spider mite) to LC50 for Tetranychus urticae GSS
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
21.2
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Resistant ratio, LC50 for Tetranychus urticae Sel5 (two-spotted spider mite) to LC50 for Tetranychus urticae GSS
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
7.82
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Resistant ratio, LC50 for Tetranychus urticae Sel4 (two-spotted spider mite) to LC50 for Tetranychus urticae GSS
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
7.15
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Resistant ratio, LC50 for Tetranychus urticae Sel2 (two-spotted spider mite) to LC50 for Tetranychus urticae GSS
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
1.29
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Resistant ratio, LC50 for Tetranychus urticae Sel3 (two-spotted spider mite) to LC50 for Tetranychus urticae GSS
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
6.88
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Resistant ratio, LC50 for Tetranychus urticae Sel1 (two-spotted spider mite) to LC50 for Tetranychus urticae GSS
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
1.1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Resistant ratio, LC50 for Tetranychus urticae BEYO (two-spotted spider mite) to LC50 for Tetranychus urticae GSS
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
1.06
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae FPY 14 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
1637.86
mgAi/L
|
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae FPY 14 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
319.1
mgAi/L
|
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae FPY 14 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
213.26
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel13 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
1587.69
mgAi/L
|
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel13 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
295.84
mgAi/L
|
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel13 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
195.55
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel12 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
1701.14
mgAi/L
|
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel12 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
277.05
mgAi/L
|
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel12 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
177.15
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel10 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
1611.58
mgAi/L
|
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel10 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
247.76
mgAi/L
|
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel10 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
156.19
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel11 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
1668.76
mgAi/L
|
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel11 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
269.57
mgAi/L
|
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel11 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
172.02
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel9 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
690.76
mgAi/L
|
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel9 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
151.07
mgAi/L
|
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel9 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
103.87
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel8 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
726.93
mgAi/L
|
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel8 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
112.39
mgAi/L
|
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel8 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
70.95
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel6 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
79.67
mgAi/L
|
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel6 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
539.76
mgAi/L
|
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel6 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
49.72
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel7 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
690.52
mgAi/L
|
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel7 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
110.27
mgAi/L
|
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel7 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
70.17
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel5 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
42.72
mgAi/L
|
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel5 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
325.65
mgAi/L
|
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel5 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
25.9
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel4 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
39.5
mgAi/L
|
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel4 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
317.03
mgAi/L
|
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel4 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
23.65
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel3 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
37.99
mgAi/L
|
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel3 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
302.74
mgAi/L
|
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel3 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
22.78
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel2 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
6.74
mgAi/L
|
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel2 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
42.48
mgAi/L
|
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel2 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
4.28
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel1 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
5.5
mgAi/L
|
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel1 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
29.15
mgAi/L
|
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Sel1 (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
3.65
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae BEYO (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
29.91
mgAi/L
|
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae BEYO (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
5.43
mgAi/L
|
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae BEYO (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
3.51
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae GSS (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
29.5
mgAi/L
|
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae GSS (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
5.1
mgAi/L
|
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae GSS (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as mortality at 26 +/- 2 degC with 60 +/- 5% RH for first 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
3.31
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Toxicity, inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, and detoxification-enzyme levels in a laboratory-selected fenpyroximate-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 6
First Page : 605
Last Page : 610
Authors : Ay R, Kara FE.
Abstract : A strain (BEYO 2) of Tetranychus urticae was selected with fenpyroximate for 14 selections. The resulting strain (named FPY 14) became resistant to fenpyroximate. The present study examines the inheritance of fenpyroximate resistance, the toxicity of some insecticides and acaricides, detoxification enzymes [esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and monooxygenase (P450)], and the synergistic ratios of certain synergists [piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] in the FPY 14 strain of T. urticae. A spray tower-Petri dish method was used in the selection and toxicity studies. The level of fenpyroximate resistance was 64.43-fold higher in the FPY 14 strain and 1.06-fold higher in the BEYO 2 strain compared to the GSS (German susceptible strain) strain. The FPY 14 strain was 7.80-, 6.90-, 6.43-, 4.78- and 2.78-fold more resistant to abamectin, chlorpyrifos, propargite, clofentezine and amitraz, respectively. Fenpyroximate resistance is inherited as an incompletely dominant trait with no sex linkage. None of the synergists showed a significant synergistic effect. In the FPY 14 strain, the activities of esterase, GST and P450 enzymes were 1.92-, 1.06- and 3.96-fold higher, respectively, when compared to the susceptible GSS strain. The P450 and esterase enzymes might play a role in the mechanism of resistance to fenpyroximate.
|
Fungicidal activity against Cladosporium cucumerinum assessed as growth inhibition at 50 ug/ml at 23 degC after 3 days
|
Cladosporium cucumerinum
|
14.5
%
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 22
First Page : 10805
Last Page : 10810
|
Growth regulation of Cucumis sativus (cucumber) seeds assessed as rhizogenesis at 10 ug/ml at 24 degC after 3 days by cucumber cotyledon test
|
Cucumis sativus
|
10.6
%
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 22
First Page : 10805
Last Page : 10810
|
Fungicidal activity against Mycosphaerella arachidis assessed as growth inhibition at 50 ug/ml at 23 degC after 3 days
|
Mycosphaerella arachidis
|
12.5
%
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 22
First Page : 10805
Last Page : 10810
|
Fungicidal activity against Botryosphaeria berengeriana assessed as growth inhibition at 50 ug/ml at 23 degC after 3 days
|
Botryosphaeria berengeriana
|
6.7
%
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 22
First Page : 10805
Last Page : 10810
|
Fungicidal activity against Fusarium graminearum assessed as growth inhibition at 50 ug/ml at 23 degC after 3 days
|
Fusarium graminearum
|
5.2
%
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 22
First Page : 10805
Last Page : 10810
|
Fungicidal activity against Alternaria solani assessed as growth inhibition at 50 ug/ml at 23 degC after 3 days
|
Alternaria solani
|
8.3
%
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 22
First Page : 10805
Last Page : 10810
|
Insecticidal activity against Aphis medicaginis in soybean tender shoots assessed as mortality treated for 5 secs measured after 48 hr
|
Aphis medicaginis
|
847.4
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 22
First Page : 10805
Last Page : 10810
|
Insecticidal activity against Aphis medicaginis in soybean tender shoots assessed as mortality at 0.5 mg/ml treated for 5 secs measured after 48 hr
|
Aphis medicaginis
|
18.4
%
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 22
First Page : 10805
Last Page : 10810
|
Insecticidal activity against Aphis medicaginis in soybean tender shoots assessed as mortality at 0.2 mg/ml treated for 5 secs measured after 48 hr
|
Aphis medicaginis
|
12.4
%
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 22
First Page : 10805
Last Page : 10810
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus cinnabarinus (carmine spider mite) in soybean tender shoots assessed as mortality at 0.2 mg/ml treated for 5 secs measured after 48 hr
|
Tetranychus cinnabarinus
|
99.7
%
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 22
First Page : 10805
Last Page : 10810
|
Acaricidal activity against Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) infested kidney bean leaves assessed as decrease in survivors of progeny applied as spray after 9 days
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
104.0
ppm
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2006
Volume : 25
Issue : 6
First Page : 542
Last Page : 548
|
Acaricidal activity against Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) infested kidney bean leaves assessed as decrease in survivors of progeny applied as spray after 7 days
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
70.1
ppm
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2006
Volume : 25
Issue : 6
First Page : 542
Last Page : 548
|
Acaricidal activity against Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) infested kidney bean leaves assessed as decrease in survivors of progeny applied as spray after 5 days
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
72.7
ppm
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2006
Volume : 25
Issue : 6
First Page : 542
Last Page : 548
|
Acaricidal activity against Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) infested kidney bean leaves assessed as decrease in survivors of progeny applied as spray after 3 days
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
99.0
ppm
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2006
Volume : 25
Issue : 6
First Page : 542
Last Page : 548
|
Acaricidal activity against Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) infested kidney bean leaves assessed as decrease in survivors of progeny applied as spray after 1 day
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
116.2
ppm
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2006
Volume : 25
Issue : 6
First Page : 542
Last Page : 548
|
Acaricidal activity against Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) infested kidney bean leaves assessed as decrease in reproduction of survivors applied as spray after 9 days
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
253.7
ppm
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2006
Volume : 25
Issue : 6
First Page : 542
Last Page : 548
|
Acaricidal activity against Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) infested kidney bean leaves assessed as decrease in reproduction of survivors applied as spray after 7 days
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
124.0
ppm
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2006
Volume : 25
Issue : 6
First Page : 542
Last Page : 548
|
Acaricidal activity against Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) infested kidney bean leaves assessed as decrease in reproduction of survivors applied as spray after 5 days
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
130.8
ppm
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2006
Volume : 25
Issue : 6
First Page : 542
Last Page : 548
|
Acaricidal activity against Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) infested kidney bean leaves assessed as decrease in reproduction of survivors applied as spray after 3 days
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
131.1
ppm
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2006
Volume : 25
Issue : 6
First Page : 542
Last Page : 548
|
Acaricidal activity against Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) infested kidney bean leaves assessed as decrease in immature production at 6.4 to 46.6 ppm applied as spray after 3 to 6 days
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
None
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2006
Volume : 25
Issue : 6
First Page : 542
Last Page : 548
|
Acaricidal activity against Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) infested kidney bean leaves assessed as decrease in survival at 6.4 to 46.6 ppm applied as spray after 7 to 9 days relative to control
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
None
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2006
Volume : 25
Issue : 6
First Page : 542
Last Page : 548
|
Acaricidal activity against Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) infested kidney bean leaves assessed as decrease in survival at 6.4 to 46.6 ppm applied as spray up to 5 days relative to control
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
None
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2006
Volume : 25
Issue : 6
First Page : 542
Last Page : 548
|
Acaricidal activity against Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) infested kidney bean leaves assessed as decrease in reproduction of survivors applied as spray after 1 day
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
114.6
ppm
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2006
Volume : 25
Issue : 6
First Page : 542
Last Page : 548
|
Ratio of LC50 for kelthane-resitant strain Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) to LC50 for kelthane-sensitive strain Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as egg mortality measured after 2 days by leaf disk method
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
0.65
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Year : 2002
Volume : 27
Issue : 4
First Page : 353
Last Page : 359
|
Acaricidal activity against kelthane-sensitive strain Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) in compound treated snap bean leaves assessed as egg mortality measured after 2 days by leaf disk method
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
7.2
ppm
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Year : 2002
Volume : 27
Issue : 4
First Page : 353
Last Page : 359
|
Acaricidal activity against kelthane-resitant strain Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) in compound treated snap bean leaves assessed as egg mortality measured after 2 days by leaf disk method
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
4.7
ppm
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Year : 2002
Volume : 27
Issue : 4
First Page : 353
Last Page : 359
|
Ratio of LC50 for kelthane-resitant strain Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) to LC50 for kelthane-sensitive strain Tetranychus urticae assessed as adult mortality measured after 2 days by leaf disk method
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
2.05
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Year : 2002
Volume : 27
Issue : 4
First Page : 353
Last Page : 359
|
Acaricidal activity against kelthane-sensitive strain Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) in compound treated snap bean leaves assessed as adult mortality measured after 2 days by leaf disk method
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
1.9
ppm
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Year : 2002
Volume : 27
Issue : 4
First Page : 353
Last Page : 359
|
Acaricidal activity against kelthane-resitant strain Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) in compound treated snap bean leaves assessed as adult mortality measured after 2 days by leaf disk method
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
3.9
ppm
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Year : 2002
Volume : 27
Issue : 4
First Page : 353
Last Page : 359
|
Acute inhalation toxicity in female Rattus norvegicus (rat)
|
Rattus norvegicus
|
0.36
mg/L
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Year : 1995
Volume : 20
Issue : 2
First Page : 173
Last Page : 175
|
Acute inhalation toxicity in male Rattus norvegicus (rat)
|
Rattus norvegicus
|
0.33
mg/L
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Year : 1995
Volume : 20
Issue : 2
First Page : 173
Last Page : 175
|
Half life in diluvial and volcanic ash soils under upland laboratory conditions
|
None
|
631.2
hr
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Year : 1995
Volume : 20
Issue : 2
First Page : 173
Last Page : 175
|
Chronic oral toxicity in female Rattus norvegicus (rat)
|
Rattus norvegicus
|
1.21
mg/kg/day
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Year : 1995
Volume : 20
Issue : 2
First Page : 173
Last Page : 175
|
Chronic oral toxicity in male Rattus norvegicus (rat)
|
Rattus norvegicus
|
0.93
mg/kg/day
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Year : 1995
Volume : 20
Issue : 2
First Page : 173
Last Page : 175
|
Chronic oral toxicity in male Canis lupus familiaris (dog)
|
Canis lupus familiaris
|
1.5
mg/kg/day
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Year : 1995
Volume : 20
Issue : 2
First Page : 173
Last Page : 175
|
Chronic oral toxicity in female Canis lupus familiaris (dog)
|
Canis lupus familiaris
|
1.5
mg/kg/day
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Year : 1995
Volume : 20
Issue : 2
First Page : 173
Last Page : 175
|
Subacute oral toxicity in female Rattus norvegicus (rat)
|
Rattus norvegicus
|
1.65
mg/kg/day
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Year : 1995
Volume : 20
Issue : 2
First Page : 173
Last Page : 175
|
Subacute oral toxicity in male Rattus norvegicus (rat)
|
Rattus norvegicus
|
1.3
mg/kg/day
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Year : 1995
Volume : 20
Issue : 2
First Page : 173
Last Page : 175
|
Subacute oral toxicity in male Canis lupus familiaris (dog)
|
Canis lupus familiaris
|
2.0
mg/kg/day
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Year : 1995
Volume : 20
Issue : 2
First Page : 173
Last Page : 175
|
Subacute oral toxicity in female Canis lupus familiaris (dog)
|
Canis lupus familiaris
|
2.0
mg/kg/day
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Year : 1995
Volume : 20
Issue : 2
First Page : 173
Last Page : 175
|
Acute dermal toxicity in male Rattus norvegicus (rat)
|
Rattus norvegicus
|
2000.0
mg.kg-1
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Year : 1995
Volume : 20
Issue : 2
First Page : 173
Last Page : 175
|
Acute dermal toxicity in female Rattus norvegicus (rat)
|
Rattus norvegicus
|
2000.0
mg.kg-1
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Year : 1995
Volume : 20
Issue : 2
First Page : 173
Last Page : 175
|
Acute oral toxicity in male Rattus norvegicus (rat) administered as 5% suspended concentrates
|
Rattus norvegicus
|
9000.0
mg.kg-1
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Year : 1995
Volume : 20
Issue : 2
First Page : 173
Last Page : 175
|
Acute oral toxicity in female Rattus norvegicus (rat) administered as 5% suspended concentrates
|
Rattus norvegicus
|
8000.0
mg.kg-1
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Year : 1995
Volume : 20
Issue : 2
First Page : 173
Last Page : 175
|
Acute oral toxicity in male Rattus norvegicus (rat)
|
Rattus norvegicus
|
480.0
mg.kg-1
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Year : 1995
Volume : 20
Issue : 2
First Page : 173
Last Page : 175
|
Acute oral toxicity in female Rattus norvegicus (rat)
|
Rattus norvegicus
|
245.0
mg.kg-1
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Year : 1995
Volume : 20
Issue : 2
First Page : 173
Last Page : 175
|
Termiticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as incidence of cumulative mortality through successive developmental stage at duetochrysalis
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
0.041
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Year : 1995
Volume : 20
Issue : 2
First Page : 173
Last Page : 175
|
Termiticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) larvae
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
0.98
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Year : 1995
Volume : 20
Issue : 2
First Page : 173
Last Page : 175
|
Termiticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) assessed as incidence of cumulative mortality through successive developmental stage at protochrysalis
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
0.071
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Year : 1995
Volume : 20
Issue : 2
First Page : 173
Last Page : 175
|
n-octanol-water distribution coefficient, log KOW of the compound
|
None
|
5.01
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
|
Toxicity against Apis mellifera (honey bee) assessed as adverse efffect at 250 mg/l
|
Apis mellifera
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
|
Toxicity against worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) assessed as reduction in reproduction at 50 mg a.i./l, po administered through pollen for 11 weeks measured once a week for 11 weeks
|
Bombus terrestris
|
50.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
|
Toxicity against worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) assessed as reduction in reproduction at 50 mg a.i./l, po administered through sugar water for 11 weeks measured once a week for 11 weeks relative to control
|
Bombus terrestris
|
90.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
|
Contact toxicity against worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) assessed as reduction in reproduction at 50 mg a.i./l applied on the dorsal thorax for 11 weeks measured once a week for 11 weeks relative to control
|
Bombus terrestris
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
|
Toxicity against worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) assessed as mortality at 50 mg a.i./l, po administered through pollen for 11 weeks measured everyday for 3 days followed by once a week for 11 weeks
|
Bombus terrestris
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
|
Toxicity against worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) assessed as mortality at 50 mg a.i./l, po administered through sugar water measured after 4 to 6 weeks
|
Bombus terrestris
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
|
Toxicity against worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) assessed as mortality at 50 mg a.i./l, po administered through sugar water for 11 weeks measured everyday for 3 days followed by once a week for 11 weeks
|
Bombus terrestris
|
95.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
|
Contact toxicity against worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) assessed as mortality at 50 mg a.i./l applied on the dorsal thorax for 11 weeks measured everyday for 3 days followed by once a week for 11 weeks
|
Bombus terrestris
|
25.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus evansi R2 in clean French bean leaf assessed as mortality at 26 degC and 16 hr day length measured after 48 hr by microimmersion protocol
|
Tetranychus evansi
|
80.87
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Pyrethroid resistance in the tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi, is associated with mutation of the para-type sodium channel.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 8
First Page : 891
Last Page : 897
Authors : Nyoni BN, Gorman K, Mzilahowa T, Williamson MS, Navajas M, Field LM, Bass C.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi (Baker and Pritchard), is a serious pest of solanaceous crops in many African countries. In this study an investigation has been conducted to establish whether mutation of the para-type sodium channel underlies pyrethroid resistance in T. evansi strains collected in Southern Malawi. RESULTS: Two T. evansi strains from Malawi showed tolerance to the organophosphate chlorpyrifos and resistance (20-40-fold) to the pyrethroid bifenthrin, but were susceptible to two contemporary acaricides (abamectin and fenpyroximate) in insecticide bioassays. Cloning of a 3.1 kb fragment (domains IIS5 to IVS5) of the T. evansi para gene from pyrethroid-resistant and pyrethroid-susceptible strains revealed a single non-synonymous mutation in the resistant strains that results in an amino acid substitution (M918T) within the domain II region of the channel. Although novel to mites, this mutation confers high levels of resistance to pyrethroids in several insect species where it has always been associated with another mutation (L1014F). This is the first report of the M918T mutation in the absence of L1014F in any arthropod species. Diagnostic tools were developed that allow sensitive detection of this mutation in individual mites. CONCLUSION: This is the first study of pyrethroid resistance in T. evansi and provides contemporary information for resistance management of this pest in Southern Malawi.
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus evansi R1 in clean French bean leaf assessed as mortality at 26 degC and 16 hr day length measured after 48 hr by microimmersion protocol
|
Tetranychus evansi
|
67.39
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Pyrethroid resistance in the tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi, is associated with mutation of the para-type sodium channel.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 8
First Page : 891
Last Page : 897
Authors : Nyoni BN, Gorman K, Mzilahowa T, Williamson MS, Navajas M, Field LM, Bass C.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi (Baker and Pritchard), is a serious pest of solanaceous crops in many African countries. In this study an investigation has been conducted to establish whether mutation of the para-type sodium channel underlies pyrethroid resistance in T. evansi strains collected in Southern Malawi. RESULTS: Two T. evansi strains from Malawi showed tolerance to the organophosphate chlorpyrifos and resistance (20-40-fold) to the pyrethroid bifenthrin, but were susceptible to two contemporary acaricides (abamectin and fenpyroximate) in insecticide bioassays. Cloning of a 3.1 kb fragment (domains IIS5 to IVS5) of the T. evansi para gene from pyrethroid-resistant and pyrethroid-susceptible strains revealed a single non-synonymous mutation in the resistant strains that results in an amino acid substitution (M918T) within the domain II region of the channel. Although novel to mites, this mutation confers high levels of resistance to pyrethroids in several insect species where it has always been associated with another mutation (L1014F). This is the first report of the M918T mutation in the absence of L1014F in any arthropod species. Diagnostic tools were developed that allow sensitive detection of this mutation in individual mites. CONCLUSION: This is the first study of pyrethroid resistance in T. evansi and provides contemporary information for resistance management of this pest in Southern Malawi.
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus evansi TOR in clean French bean leaf assessed as mortality at 26 degC and 16 hr day length measured after 48 hr by microimmersion protocol
|
Tetranychus evansi
|
71.84
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Pyrethroid resistance in the tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi, is associated with mutation of the para-type sodium channel.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 8
First Page : 891
Last Page : 897
Authors : Nyoni BN, Gorman K, Mzilahowa T, Williamson MS, Navajas M, Field LM, Bass C.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi (Baker and Pritchard), is a serious pest of solanaceous crops in many African countries. In this study an investigation has been conducted to establish whether mutation of the para-type sodium channel underlies pyrethroid resistance in T. evansi strains collected in Southern Malawi. RESULTS: Two T. evansi strains from Malawi showed tolerance to the organophosphate chlorpyrifos and resistance (20-40-fold) to the pyrethroid bifenthrin, but were susceptible to two contemporary acaricides (abamectin and fenpyroximate) in insecticide bioassays. Cloning of a 3.1 kb fragment (domains IIS5 to IVS5) of the T. evansi para gene from pyrethroid-resistant and pyrethroid-susceptible strains revealed a single non-synonymous mutation in the resistant strains that results in an amino acid substitution (M918T) within the domain II region of the channel. Although novel to mites, this mutation confers high levels of resistance to pyrethroids in several insect species where it has always been associated with another mutation (L1014F). This is the first report of the M918T mutation in the absence of L1014F in any arthropod species. Diagnostic tools were developed that allow sensitive detection of this mutation in individual mites. CONCLUSION: This is the first study of pyrethroid resistance in T. evansi and provides contemporary information for resistance management of this pest in Southern Malawi.
|
Insecticidal activity against Tetranychus evansi ST JEA in clean French bean leaf assessed as mortality at 26 degC and 16 hr day length measured after 48 hr by microimmersion protocol
|
Tetranychus evansi
|
48.33
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Pyrethroid resistance in the tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi, is associated with mutation of the para-type sodium channel.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 8
First Page : 891
Last Page : 897
Authors : Nyoni BN, Gorman K, Mzilahowa T, Williamson MS, Navajas M, Field LM, Bass C.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi (Baker and Pritchard), is a serious pest of solanaceous crops in many African countries. In this study an investigation has been conducted to establish whether mutation of the para-type sodium channel underlies pyrethroid resistance in T. evansi strains collected in Southern Malawi. RESULTS: Two T. evansi strains from Malawi showed tolerance to the organophosphate chlorpyrifos and resistance (20-40-fold) to the pyrethroid bifenthrin, but were susceptible to two contemporary acaricides (abamectin and fenpyroximate) in insecticide bioassays. Cloning of a 3.1 kb fragment (domains IIS5 to IVS5) of the T. evansi para gene from pyrethroid-resistant and pyrethroid-susceptible strains revealed a single non-synonymous mutation in the resistant strains that results in an amino acid substitution (M918T) within the domain II region of the channel. Although novel to mites, this mutation confers high levels of resistance to pyrethroids in several insect species where it has always been associated with another mutation (L1014F). This is the first report of the M918T mutation in the absence of L1014F in any arthropod species. Diagnostic tools were developed that allow sensitive detection of this mutation in individual mites. CONCLUSION: This is the first study of pyrethroid resistance in T. evansi and provides contemporary information for resistance management of this pest in Southern Malawi.
|
Inhibition of Escherichia coli GR19N NDH2 assessed as deaminoNADH-DB reductase activity at 100 uM relative to control
|
Escherichia coli
|
60.0
%
|
|
Journal : Biochim. Biophys. Acta
Title : Comparison of the inhibitory action of synthetic capsaicin analogues with various NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductases.
Year : 1996
Volume : 1273
Issue : 1
First Page : 21
Last Page : 30
Authors : Satoh T, Miyoshi H, Sakamoto K, Iwamura H.
Abstract : Capsaicin is a new naturally occurring inhibitor of proton-pumping NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (NDH-1), that competitively acts against ubiquinone. A series of capsaicin analogues was synthesized to examine the structural factors required for the inhibitory action and to probe the structural property of the ubiquinone catalytic site of various NADH-ubiquinone reductases, including non-proton-pumping enzyme (NDH-2), from bovine heart mitochondria, potato tuber (Solanum tuberosum, L) mitochondria and Escherichia coli (GR 19N) plasma membranes. Some synthetic capsaicins were fairly potent inhibitors of each of the three NDH-1 compared with the potent rotenone and piericidin A. Synthetic capsaicin analogues inhibited all three NDH-1 activities in a competitive manner against an exogenous quinone. The modification both of the substitution pattern and of the number of methoxy groups on the benzene ring, which may be superimposable on the quinone ring of ubiquinone, did not drastically affect the inhibitory potency. In addition, alteration of the position of dipolar amide bond unit in the molecule and chemical modifications of this unit did not change the inhibitory potency, particularly with bovine heart and potato tuber NDH-1. These results might be explained assuming that the ubiquinone catalytic site of NDH-1 is spacious enough to accommodate a variety of structurally different capsaicin analogues in a dissimilar manner. Regarding the moiety corresponding to the alkyl side chain, a rigid diphenyl ether structure was more inhibitory than a flexible alkyl chain. Structure-activity studies and molecular orbital calculations suggested that a bent form is the active conformation of capsaicin analogues. On the other hand, poor correlations between the inhibitory potencies determined with the three NDH-1 suggested that the structural similarity of the ubiquinone catalytic sites of these enzymes is rather poor. The sensitivity to the inhibition by synthetic capsaicins remarkably differed between NDH-1 and NDH-2, supporting the notion that the sensitivity against capsaicin inhibition correlates well with the presence of an energy coupling site in the enzyme (Yagi, T. (1990) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 281, 305-311). It is noteworthy that several synthetic capsaicins discriminated between NDH-1 and NDH-2 much better than natural capsaicin.
|
Inhibition of Escherichia coli GR19N NDH1 assessed as deaminoNADH-DB reductase activity
|
Escherichia coli
|
10000.0
nM
|
|
Journal : Biochim. Biophys. Acta
Title : Comparison of the inhibitory action of synthetic capsaicin analogues with various NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductases.
Year : 1996
Volume : 1273
Issue : 1
First Page : 21
Last Page : 30
Authors : Satoh T, Miyoshi H, Sakamoto K, Iwamura H.
Abstract : Capsaicin is a new naturally occurring inhibitor of proton-pumping NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (NDH-1), that competitively acts against ubiquinone. A series of capsaicin analogues was synthesized to examine the structural factors required for the inhibitory action and to probe the structural property of the ubiquinone catalytic site of various NADH-ubiquinone reductases, including non-proton-pumping enzyme (NDH-2), from bovine heart mitochondria, potato tuber (Solanum tuberosum, L) mitochondria and Escherichia coli (GR 19N) plasma membranes. Some synthetic capsaicins were fairly potent inhibitors of each of the three NDH-1 compared with the potent rotenone and piericidin A. Synthetic capsaicin analogues inhibited all three NDH-1 activities in a competitive manner against an exogenous quinone. The modification both of the substitution pattern and of the number of methoxy groups on the benzene ring, which may be superimposable on the quinone ring of ubiquinone, did not drastically affect the inhibitory potency. In addition, alteration of the position of dipolar amide bond unit in the molecule and chemical modifications of this unit did not change the inhibitory potency, particularly with bovine heart and potato tuber NDH-1. These results might be explained assuming that the ubiquinone catalytic site of NDH-1 is spacious enough to accommodate a variety of structurally different capsaicin analogues in a dissimilar manner. Regarding the moiety corresponding to the alkyl side chain, a rigid diphenyl ether structure was more inhibitory than a flexible alkyl chain. Structure-activity studies and molecular orbital calculations suggested that a bent form is the active conformation of capsaicin analogues. On the other hand, poor correlations between the inhibitory potencies determined with the three NDH-1 suggested that the structural similarity of the ubiquinone catalytic sites of these enzymes is rather poor. The sensitivity to the inhibition by synthetic capsaicins remarkably differed between NDH-1 and NDH-2, supporting the notion that the sensitivity against capsaicin inhibition correlates well with the presence of an energy coupling site in the enzyme (Yagi, T. (1990) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 281, 305-311). It is noteworthy that several synthetic capsaicins discriminated between NDH-1 and NDH-2 much better than natural capsaicin.
|
Inhibition of Solanum tuberosum (potato) inner mitochondrial membrane NDH2 assessed as deaminoNADH-DB reductase activity at 100 uM relative to control
|
Solanum tuberosum
|
None
|
|
Journal : Biochim. Biophys. Acta
Title : Comparison of the inhibitory action of synthetic capsaicin analogues with various NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductases.
Year : 1996
Volume : 1273
Issue : 1
First Page : 21
Last Page : 30
Authors : Satoh T, Miyoshi H, Sakamoto K, Iwamura H.
Abstract : Capsaicin is a new naturally occurring inhibitor of proton-pumping NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (NDH-1), that competitively acts against ubiquinone. A series of capsaicin analogues was synthesized to examine the structural factors required for the inhibitory action and to probe the structural property of the ubiquinone catalytic site of various NADH-ubiquinone reductases, including non-proton-pumping enzyme (NDH-2), from bovine heart mitochondria, potato tuber (Solanum tuberosum, L) mitochondria and Escherichia coli (GR 19N) plasma membranes. Some synthetic capsaicins were fairly potent inhibitors of each of the three NDH-1 compared with the potent rotenone and piericidin A. Synthetic capsaicin analogues inhibited all three NDH-1 activities in a competitive manner against an exogenous quinone. The modification both of the substitution pattern and of the number of methoxy groups on the benzene ring, which may be superimposable on the quinone ring of ubiquinone, did not drastically affect the inhibitory potency. In addition, alteration of the position of dipolar amide bond unit in the molecule and chemical modifications of this unit did not change the inhibitory potency, particularly with bovine heart and potato tuber NDH-1. These results might be explained assuming that the ubiquinone catalytic site of NDH-1 is spacious enough to accommodate a variety of structurally different capsaicin analogues in a dissimilar manner. Regarding the moiety corresponding to the alkyl side chain, a rigid diphenyl ether structure was more inhibitory than a flexible alkyl chain. Structure-activity studies and molecular orbital calculations suggested that a bent form is the active conformation of capsaicin analogues. On the other hand, poor correlations between the inhibitory potencies determined with the three NDH-1 suggested that the structural similarity of the ubiquinone catalytic sites of these enzymes is rather poor. The sensitivity to the inhibition by synthetic capsaicins remarkably differed between NDH-1 and NDH-2, supporting the notion that the sensitivity against capsaicin inhibition correlates well with the presence of an energy coupling site in the enzyme (Yagi, T. (1990) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 281, 305-311). It is noteworthy that several synthetic capsaicins discriminated between NDH-1 and NDH-2 much better than natural capsaicin.
|
Inhibition of Solanum tuberosum (potato) submitochondrial particle NDH1 assessed as deaminoNADH-DB reductase activity
|
Solanum tuberosum
|
549.54
nM
|
|
Journal : Biochim. Biophys. Acta
Title : Comparison of the inhibitory action of synthetic capsaicin analogues with various NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductases.
Year : 1996
Volume : 1273
Issue : 1
First Page : 21
Last Page : 30
Authors : Satoh T, Miyoshi H, Sakamoto K, Iwamura H.
Abstract : Capsaicin is a new naturally occurring inhibitor of proton-pumping NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (NDH-1), that competitively acts against ubiquinone. A series of capsaicin analogues was synthesized to examine the structural factors required for the inhibitory action and to probe the structural property of the ubiquinone catalytic site of various NADH-ubiquinone reductases, including non-proton-pumping enzyme (NDH-2), from bovine heart mitochondria, potato tuber (Solanum tuberosum, L) mitochondria and Escherichia coli (GR 19N) plasma membranes. Some synthetic capsaicins were fairly potent inhibitors of each of the three NDH-1 compared with the potent rotenone and piericidin A. Synthetic capsaicin analogues inhibited all three NDH-1 activities in a competitive manner against an exogenous quinone. The modification both of the substitution pattern and of the number of methoxy groups on the benzene ring, which may be superimposable on the quinone ring of ubiquinone, did not drastically affect the inhibitory potency. In addition, alteration of the position of dipolar amide bond unit in the molecule and chemical modifications of this unit did not change the inhibitory potency, particularly with bovine heart and potato tuber NDH-1. These results might be explained assuming that the ubiquinone catalytic site of NDH-1 is spacious enough to accommodate a variety of structurally different capsaicin analogues in a dissimilar manner. Regarding the moiety corresponding to the alkyl side chain, a rigid diphenyl ether structure was more inhibitory than a flexible alkyl chain. Structure-activity studies and molecular orbital calculations suggested that a bent form is the active conformation of capsaicin analogues. On the other hand, poor correlations between the inhibitory potencies determined with the three NDH-1 suggested that the structural similarity of the ubiquinone catalytic sites of these enzymes is rather poor. The sensitivity to the inhibition by synthetic capsaicins remarkably differed between NDH-1 and NDH-2, supporting the notion that the sensitivity against capsaicin inhibition correlates well with the presence of an energy coupling site in the enzyme (Yagi, T. (1990) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 281, 305-311). It is noteworthy that several synthetic capsaicins discriminated between NDH-1 and NDH-2 much better than natural capsaicin.
|
Inhibition of Bos taurus (bovine) heart submitochondrial particle NDH1 assessed as NADH-DB reductase activity
|
Bos taurus
|
18.2
nM
|
|
Journal : Biochim. Biophys. Acta
Title : Comparison of the inhibitory action of synthetic capsaicin analogues with various NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductases.
Year : 1996
Volume : 1273
Issue : 1
First Page : 21
Last Page : 30
Authors : Satoh T, Miyoshi H, Sakamoto K, Iwamura H.
Abstract : Capsaicin is a new naturally occurring inhibitor of proton-pumping NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (NDH-1), that competitively acts against ubiquinone. A series of capsaicin analogues was synthesized to examine the structural factors required for the inhibitory action and to probe the structural property of the ubiquinone catalytic site of various NADH-ubiquinone reductases, including non-proton-pumping enzyme (NDH-2), from bovine heart mitochondria, potato tuber (Solanum tuberosum, L) mitochondria and Escherichia coli (GR 19N) plasma membranes. Some synthetic capsaicins were fairly potent inhibitors of each of the three NDH-1 compared with the potent rotenone and piericidin A. Synthetic capsaicin analogues inhibited all three NDH-1 activities in a competitive manner against an exogenous quinone. The modification both of the substitution pattern and of the number of methoxy groups on the benzene ring, which may be superimposable on the quinone ring of ubiquinone, did not drastically affect the inhibitory potency. In addition, alteration of the position of dipolar amide bond unit in the molecule and chemical modifications of this unit did not change the inhibitory potency, particularly with bovine heart and potato tuber NDH-1. These results might be explained assuming that the ubiquinone catalytic site of NDH-1 is spacious enough to accommodate a variety of structurally different capsaicin analogues in a dissimilar manner. Regarding the moiety corresponding to the alkyl side chain, a rigid diphenyl ether structure was more inhibitory than a flexible alkyl chain. Structure-activity studies and molecular orbital calculations suggested that a bent form is the active conformation of capsaicin analogues. On the other hand, poor correlations between the inhibitory potencies determined with the three NDH-1 suggested that the structural similarity of the ubiquinone catalytic sites of these enzymes is rather poor. The sensitivity to the inhibition by synthetic capsaicins remarkably differed between NDH-1 and NDH-2, supporting the notion that the sensitivity against capsaicin inhibition correlates well with the presence of an energy coupling site in the enzyme (Yagi, T. (1990) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 281, 305-311). It is noteworthy that several synthetic capsaicins discriminated between NDH-1 and NDH-2 much better than natural capsaicin.
|
Reduction of ATP level in Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) Sf9 cells at 0.01 to 10 uM after 4 hr by luminescent cell viability assay
|
Spodoptera frugiperda
|
None
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Title : Effects of Pyridalyl on ATP Concentrations in Cultured Sf9 Cells
Year : 2005
Volume : 30
Issue : 4
First Page : 403
Last Page : 405
Authors : Saito S
