|
Risk quotient, recommended field rate (g/ha) to LC50 for Trichogramma nubilale (mg/L)
|
Trichogramma nubilale
|
1433.0
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Susceptibility of adult Trichogramma nubilale (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to selected insecticides with different modes of action
Year : 2012
Volume : 34
First Page : 76
Last Page : 72
Authors : Wang Y, Yu R, Zhao X, Chen L, Wu C, Cang T, Wang Q.
Abstract : The parasitic wasp Trichogramma nubilale (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is one of the most suitable parasitoids for controlling Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Although extensive toxicological tests have been carried out to elucidate the toxicities of insecticides to trichogrammatids, the acute toxicity risks of commonly used insecticides to T. nubilale are not well known. Among the 7 classes of tested chemicals, organophosphates and carbamates had the highest intrinsic toxicity to the parasitoid with LC50 values ranging from 0.081 (0.062–0.12) to 2.10 (1.23–3.47) and from 0.12 (0.11–0.14) to 0.95 (0.87–1.05) mg a.i. per liter, respectively. The phenylpyrazoles (with the exception of butene-fipronil), avermectins, neonicotinoids and pyrethroids induced intermediate toxicity responses with LC50 values ranging from 0.29 to 4.67, 2.36 to 11.27, 1.86 to 311.9, and 10.98–150.3 mg a.i. per liter, respectively. In contrast, insect growth regulators (IGRs) exhibited the least toxicity to the parasitoid with LC50 values ranging from 3452 (3114–3877) to 10,168 (8848–12,027) mg a.i. per liter. A risk quotient analysis indicated that neonicotinoids, avermectins, pyrethroids, IGRs and phenylpyrazoles (with the exception of butene-fipronil) were safe, but organophosphates and carbamates were slightly to moderately toxic or highly toxic to T. nubilale. This study provided informative data for implementing both biological and chemical control strategies in integrated pest management (IPM) of corn lepidopterans.
|
Contact toxicity against Trichogramma nubilale assessed as mortality after 24 hr by modified slight dry film method
|
Trichogramma nubilale
|
5.71
mgAi/L
|
|
Contact toxicity against Trichogramma nubilale assessed as mortality after 24 hr by modified slight dry film method
|
Trichogramma nubilale
|
0.89
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Susceptibility of adult Trichogramma nubilale (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to selected insecticides with different modes of action
Year : 2012
Volume : 34
First Page : 76
Last Page : 72
Authors : Wang Y, Yu R, Zhao X, Chen L, Wu C, Cang T, Wang Q.
Abstract : The parasitic wasp Trichogramma nubilale (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is one of the most suitable parasitoids for controlling Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Although extensive toxicological tests have been carried out to elucidate the toxicities of insecticides to trichogrammatids, the acute toxicity risks of commonly used insecticides to T. nubilale are not well known. Among the 7 classes of tested chemicals, organophosphates and carbamates had the highest intrinsic toxicity to the parasitoid with LC50 values ranging from 0.081 (0.062–0.12) to 2.10 (1.23–3.47) and from 0.12 (0.11–0.14) to 0.95 (0.87–1.05) mg a.i. per liter, respectively. The phenylpyrazoles (with the exception of butene-fipronil), avermectins, neonicotinoids and pyrethroids induced intermediate toxicity responses with LC50 values ranging from 0.29 to 4.67, 2.36 to 11.27, 1.86 to 311.9, and 10.98–150.3 mg a.i. per liter, respectively. In contrast, insect growth regulators (IGRs) exhibited the least toxicity to the parasitoid with LC50 values ranging from 3452 (3114–3877) to 10,168 (8848–12,027) mg a.i. per liter. A risk quotient analysis indicated that neonicotinoids, avermectins, pyrethroids, IGRs and phenylpyrazoles (with the exception of butene-fipronil) were safe, but organophosphates and carbamates were slightly to moderately toxic or highly toxic to T. nubilale. This study provided informative data for implementing both biological and chemical control strategies in integrated pest management (IPM) of corn lepidopterans.
|
Genotoxicity in Glycine max (soybean) exposed to compound through spray 4 times over 2 weeks assessed as relative adduct level A5 measured per 10'9 nucleotides using HX-dG internal standard using [32P]labeling based autoradiography relative to untreated control
|
Glycine max
|
2767.0
cpm
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Title : DNA adducts as biomarkers for oxidative and genotoxic stress from pesticides in crop plants.
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6751
Last Page : 6760
Authors : Boerth DW, Eder E, Stanks JR, Wanek P, Wacker M, Gaulitz S, Skypeck D, Pandolfo D, Yashin M.
Abstract : Plant studies have been carried out to identify the nature and extent of the formation of adducts with DNA bases when treated with pesticide formulations. DNA extracted from crop plants after treatment with pesticide formulations has yielded evidence of adduct formation. The extent of DNA modification has been established by (32)P postlabeling studies. The radiochromatograms from (32)P postlabeling of isolated plant DNA from grapes, bush beans, soybeans, pumpkins, and cucumbers show elevated adduct levels in treated vegetable plants as compared with untreated controls. A number of different adduct spots appear, likely indicating adduct formation with pesticide molecules or their metabolites. The DNA adducts from hexenal and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal were clearly observed, indicating oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the plant.
|
Genotoxicity in Glycine max (soybean) exposed to compound through spray 4 times over 2 weeks assessed as relative adduct level A4 measured per 10'9 nucleotides using HX-dG internal standard using [32P]labeling based autoradiography relative to untreated control
|
Glycine max
|
773.0
cpm
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Title : DNA adducts as biomarkers for oxidative and genotoxic stress from pesticides in crop plants.
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6751
Last Page : 6760
Authors : Boerth DW, Eder E, Stanks JR, Wanek P, Wacker M, Gaulitz S, Skypeck D, Pandolfo D, Yashin M.
Abstract : Plant studies have been carried out to identify the nature and extent of the formation of adducts with DNA bases when treated with pesticide formulations. DNA extracted from crop plants after treatment with pesticide formulations has yielded evidence of adduct formation. The extent of DNA modification has been established by (32)P postlabeling studies. The radiochromatograms from (32)P postlabeling of isolated plant DNA from grapes, bush beans, soybeans, pumpkins, and cucumbers show elevated adduct levels in treated vegetable plants as compared with untreated controls. A number of different adduct spots appear, likely indicating adduct formation with pesticide molecules or their metabolites. The DNA adducts from hexenal and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal were clearly observed, indicating oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the plant.
|
Genotoxicity in Glycine max (soybean) exposed to compound through spray 4 times over 2 weeks assessed as relative adduct level A3 measured per 10'9 nucleotides using HX-dG internal standard using [32P]labeling based autoradiography relative to untreated control
|
Glycine max
|
809.0
cpm
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Title : DNA adducts as biomarkers for oxidative and genotoxic stress from pesticides in crop plants.
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6751
Last Page : 6760
Authors : Boerth DW, Eder E, Stanks JR, Wanek P, Wacker M, Gaulitz S, Skypeck D, Pandolfo D, Yashin M.
Abstract : Plant studies have been carried out to identify the nature and extent of the formation of adducts with DNA bases when treated with pesticide formulations. DNA extracted from crop plants after treatment with pesticide formulations has yielded evidence of adduct formation. The extent of DNA modification has been established by (32)P postlabeling studies. The radiochromatograms from (32)P postlabeling of isolated plant DNA from grapes, bush beans, soybeans, pumpkins, and cucumbers show elevated adduct levels in treated vegetable plants as compared with untreated controls. A number of different adduct spots appear, likely indicating adduct formation with pesticide molecules or their metabolites. The DNA adducts from hexenal and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal were clearly observed, indicating oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the plant.
|
Genotoxicity in Glycine max (soybean) exposed to compound through spray 4 times over 2 weeks assessed as relative adduct level A2 measured per 10'9 nucleotides using HX-dG internal standard using [32P]labeling based autoradiography relative to untreated control
|
Glycine max
|
571.0
cpm
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Title : DNA adducts as biomarkers for oxidative and genotoxic stress from pesticides in crop plants.
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6751
Last Page : 6760
Authors : Boerth DW, Eder E, Stanks JR, Wanek P, Wacker M, Gaulitz S, Skypeck D, Pandolfo D, Yashin M.
Abstract : Plant studies have been carried out to identify the nature and extent of the formation of adducts with DNA bases when treated with pesticide formulations. DNA extracted from crop plants after treatment with pesticide formulations has yielded evidence of adduct formation. The extent of DNA modification has been established by (32)P postlabeling studies. The radiochromatograms from (32)P postlabeling of isolated plant DNA from grapes, bush beans, soybeans, pumpkins, and cucumbers show elevated adduct levels in treated vegetable plants as compared with untreated controls. A number of different adduct spots appear, likely indicating adduct formation with pesticide molecules or their metabolites. The DNA adducts from hexenal and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal were clearly observed, indicating oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the plant.
|
Genotoxicity in Glycine max (soybean) exposed to compound through spray 4 times over 2 weeks assessed as relative adduct level A1 measured per 10'9 nucleotides using HX-dG internal standard using [32P]labeling based autoradiography relative to untreated control
|
Glycine max
|
569.0
cpm
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Title : DNA adducts as biomarkers for oxidative and genotoxic stress from pesticides in crop plants.
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6751
Last Page : 6760
Authors : Boerth DW, Eder E, Stanks JR, Wanek P, Wacker M, Gaulitz S, Skypeck D, Pandolfo D, Yashin M.
Abstract : Plant studies have been carried out to identify the nature and extent of the formation of adducts with DNA bases when treated with pesticide formulations. DNA extracted from crop plants after treatment with pesticide formulations has yielded evidence of adduct formation. The extent of DNA modification has been established by (32)P postlabeling studies. The radiochromatograms from (32)P postlabeling of isolated plant DNA from grapes, bush beans, soybeans, pumpkins, and cucumbers show elevated adduct levels in treated vegetable plants as compared with untreated controls. A number of different adduct spots appear, likely indicating adduct formation with pesticide molecules or their metabolites. The DNA adducts from hexenal and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal were clearly observed, indicating oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the plant.
|
Genotoxicity in Glycine max (soybean) exposed to compound through spray 4 times over 2 weeks assessed as relative adduct level A5 measured per 10'9 nucleotides using [32P]labeling based autoradiography relative to untreated control
|
Glycine max
|
54.0
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Title : DNA adducts as biomarkers for oxidative and genotoxic stress from pesticides in crop plants.
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6751
Last Page : 6760
Authors : Boerth DW, Eder E, Stanks JR, Wanek P, Wacker M, Gaulitz S, Skypeck D, Pandolfo D, Yashin M.
Abstract : Plant studies have been carried out to identify the nature and extent of the formation of adducts with DNA bases when treated with pesticide formulations. DNA extracted from crop plants after treatment with pesticide formulations has yielded evidence of adduct formation. The extent of DNA modification has been established by (32)P postlabeling studies. The radiochromatograms from (32)P postlabeling of isolated plant DNA from grapes, bush beans, soybeans, pumpkins, and cucumbers show elevated adduct levels in treated vegetable plants as compared with untreated controls. A number of different adduct spots appear, likely indicating adduct formation with pesticide molecules or their metabolites. The DNA adducts from hexenal and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal were clearly observed, indicating oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the plant.
|
Genotoxicity in Glycine max (soybean) exposed to compound through spray 4 times over 2 weeks assessed as relative adduct level A4 measured per 10'9 nucleotides using [32P]labeling based autoradiography relative to untreated control
|
Glycine max
|
15.0
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Title : DNA adducts as biomarkers for oxidative and genotoxic stress from pesticides in crop plants.
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6751
Last Page : 6760
Authors : Boerth DW, Eder E, Stanks JR, Wanek P, Wacker M, Gaulitz S, Skypeck D, Pandolfo D, Yashin M.
Abstract : Plant studies have been carried out to identify the nature and extent of the formation of adducts with DNA bases when treated with pesticide formulations. DNA extracted from crop plants after treatment with pesticide formulations has yielded evidence of adduct formation. The extent of DNA modification has been established by (32)P postlabeling studies. The radiochromatograms from (32)P postlabeling of isolated plant DNA from grapes, bush beans, soybeans, pumpkins, and cucumbers show elevated adduct levels in treated vegetable plants as compared with untreated controls. A number of different adduct spots appear, likely indicating adduct formation with pesticide molecules or their metabolites. The DNA adducts from hexenal and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal were clearly observed, indicating oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the plant.
|
Genotoxicity in Glycine max (soybean) exposed to compound through spray 4 times over 2 weeks assessed as relative adduct level A3 measured per 10'9 nucleotides using [32P]labeling based autoradiography relative to untreated control
|
Glycine max
|
16.0
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Title : DNA adducts as biomarkers for oxidative and genotoxic stress from pesticides in crop plants.
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6751
Last Page : 6760
Authors : Boerth DW, Eder E, Stanks JR, Wanek P, Wacker M, Gaulitz S, Skypeck D, Pandolfo D, Yashin M.
Abstract : Plant studies have been carried out to identify the nature and extent of the formation of adducts with DNA bases when treated with pesticide formulations. DNA extracted from crop plants after treatment with pesticide formulations has yielded evidence of adduct formation. The extent of DNA modification has been established by (32)P postlabeling studies. The radiochromatograms from (32)P postlabeling of isolated plant DNA from grapes, bush beans, soybeans, pumpkins, and cucumbers show elevated adduct levels in treated vegetable plants as compared with untreated controls. A number of different adduct spots appear, likely indicating adduct formation with pesticide molecules or their metabolites. The DNA adducts from hexenal and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal were clearly observed, indicating oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the plant.
|
Genotoxicity in Glycine max (soybean) exposed to compound through spray 4 times over 2 weeks assessed as relative adduct level A2 measured per 10'9 nucleotides using [32P]labeling based autoradiography relative to untreated control
|
Glycine max
|
11.0
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Title : DNA adducts as biomarkers for oxidative and genotoxic stress from pesticides in crop plants.
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6751
Last Page : 6760
Authors : Boerth DW, Eder E, Stanks JR, Wanek P, Wacker M, Gaulitz S, Skypeck D, Pandolfo D, Yashin M.
Abstract : Plant studies have been carried out to identify the nature and extent of the formation of adducts with DNA bases when treated with pesticide formulations. DNA extracted from crop plants after treatment with pesticide formulations has yielded evidence of adduct formation. The extent of DNA modification has been established by (32)P postlabeling studies. The radiochromatograms from (32)P postlabeling of isolated plant DNA from grapes, bush beans, soybeans, pumpkins, and cucumbers show elevated adduct levels in treated vegetable plants as compared with untreated controls. A number of different adduct spots appear, likely indicating adduct formation with pesticide molecules or their metabolites. The DNA adducts from hexenal and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal were clearly observed, indicating oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the plant.
|
Genotoxicity in Glycine max (soybean) exposed to compound through spray 4 times over 2 weeks assessed as relative adduct level A1 measured per 10'9 nucleotides using [32P]labeling based autoradiography relative to untreated control
|
Glycine max
|
11.0
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Title : DNA adducts as biomarkers for oxidative and genotoxic stress from pesticides in crop plants.
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6751
Last Page : 6760
Authors : Boerth DW, Eder E, Stanks JR, Wanek P, Wacker M, Gaulitz S, Skypeck D, Pandolfo D, Yashin M.
Abstract : Plant studies have been carried out to identify the nature and extent of the formation of adducts with DNA bases when treated with pesticide formulations. DNA extracted from crop plants after treatment with pesticide formulations has yielded evidence of adduct formation. The extent of DNA modification has been established by (32)P postlabeling studies. The radiochromatograms from (32)P postlabeling of isolated plant DNA from grapes, bush beans, soybeans, pumpkins, and cucumbers show elevated adduct levels in treated vegetable plants as compared with untreated controls. A number of different adduct spots appear, likely indicating adduct formation with pesticide molecules or their metabolites. The DNA adducts from hexenal and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal were clearly observed, indicating oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the plant.
|
Genotoxicity in Glycine max (soybean) exposed to compound through spray 4 times over 2 weeks assessed as HNE-dG adducts using [32P]labeling based autoradiography (Rvb = 34 cpm)
|
Glycine max
|
2956.0
cpm
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Title : DNA adducts as biomarkers for oxidative and genotoxic stress from pesticides in crop plants.
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6751
Last Page : 6760
Authors : Boerth DW, Eder E, Stanks JR, Wanek P, Wacker M, Gaulitz S, Skypeck D, Pandolfo D, Yashin M.
Abstract : Plant studies have been carried out to identify the nature and extent of the formation of adducts with DNA bases when treated with pesticide formulations. DNA extracted from crop plants after treatment with pesticide formulations has yielded evidence of adduct formation. The extent of DNA modification has been established by (32)P postlabeling studies. The radiochromatograms from (32)P postlabeling of isolated plant DNA from grapes, bush beans, soybeans, pumpkins, and cucumbers show elevated adduct levels in treated vegetable plants as compared with untreated controls. A number of different adduct spots appear, likely indicating adduct formation with pesticide molecules or their metabolites. The DNA adducts from hexenal and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal were clearly observed, indicating oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the plant.
|
Genotoxicity in Glycine max (soybean) exposed to compound through spray 4 times over 2 weeks assessed as HX-dG adducts using [32P]labeling based autoradiography
|
Glycine max
|
6310.0
cpm
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Title : DNA adducts as biomarkers for oxidative and genotoxic stress from pesticides in crop plants.
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6751
Last Page : 6760
Authors : Boerth DW, Eder E, Stanks JR, Wanek P, Wacker M, Gaulitz S, Skypeck D, Pandolfo D, Yashin M.
Abstract : Plant studies have been carried out to identify the nature and extent of the formation of adducts with DNA bases when treated with pesticide formulations. DNA extracted from crop plants after treatment with pesticide formulations has yielded evidence of adduct formation. The extent of DNA modification has been established by (32)P postlabeling studies. The radiochromatograms from (32)P postlabeling of isolated plant DNA from grapes, bush beans, soybeans, pumpkins, and cucumbers show elevated adduct levels in treated vegetable plants as compared with untreated controls. A number of different adduct spots appear, likely indicating adduct formation with pesticide molecules or their metabolites. The DNA adducts from hexenal and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal were clearly observed, indicating oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the plant.
|
Genotoxicity in Glycine max (soybean) exposed to compound through spray 4 times over 2 weeks assessed as HNE-dG adducts measured per 10'9 nucleotides using [32P]labeling based autoradiography (Rvb = 2 no unit)
|
Glycine max
|
58.0
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Title : DNA adducts as biomarkers for oxidative and genotoxic stress from pesticides in crop plants.
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6751
Last Page : 6760
Authors : Boerth DW, Eder E, Stanks JR, Wanek P, Wacker M, Gaulitz S, Skypeck D, Pandolfo D, Yashin M.
Abstract : Plant studies have been carried out to identify the nature and extent of the formation of adducts with DNA bases when treated with pesticide formulations. DNA extracted from crop plants after treatment with pesticide formulations has yielded evidence of adduct formation. The extent of DNA modification has been established by (32)P postlabeling studies. The radiochromatograms from (32)P postlabeling of isolated plant DNA from grapes, bush beans, soybeans, pumpkins, and cucumbers show elevated adduct levels in treated vegetable plants as compared with untreated controls. A number of different adduct spots appear, likely indicating adduct formation with pesticide molecules or their metabolites. The DNA adducts from hexenal and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal were clearly observed, indicating oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the plant.
|
Genotoxicity in Glycine max (soybean) exposed to compound through spray 4 times over 2 weeks assessed as HX-dG adducts measured per 10'9 nucleotides using [32P]labeling based autoradiography
|
Glycine max
|
164.0
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Title : DNA adducts as biomarkers for oxidative and genotoxic stress from pesticides in crop plants.
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6751
Last Page : 6760
Authors : Boerth DW, Eder E, Stanks JR, Wanek P, Wacker M, Gaulitz S, Skypeck D, Pandolfo D, Yashin M.
Abstract : Plant studies have been carried out to identify the nature and extent of the formation of adducts with DNA bases when treated with pesticide formulations. DNA extracted from crop plants after treatment with pesticide formulations has yielded evidence of adduct formation. The extent of DNA modification has been established by (32)P postlabeling studies. The radiochromatograms from (32)P postlabeling of isolated plant DNA from grapes, bush beans, soybeans, pumpkins, and cucumbers show elevated adduct levels in treated vegetable plants as compared with untreated controls. A number of different adduct spots appear, likely indicating adduct formation with pesticide molecules or their metabolites. The DNA adducts from hexenal and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal were clearly observed, indicating oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the plant.
|
Ratio of EC50 for Daphnia magna to EC50 for first instar larvae of Cheumatopsyche brevilineata
|
None
|
-0.58
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Title : A useful new insecticide bioassay using first-instar larvae of a net-spinning caddisfly, Cheumatopsyche brevilineata (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae)
Year : 2009
Volume : 34
Issue : 1
First Page : 13
Last Page : 20
Authors : Yokoyama A, Ohtsu K, Iwafune T, Nagai T, Ishihara S, Kobara Y, Horio T, Endo S
|
Octanol-water partition coefficient, log KOW of the compound
|
None
|
1.85
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Title : A useful new insecticide bioassay using first-instar larvae of a net-spinning caddisfly, Cheumatopsyche brevilineata (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae)
Year : 2009
Volume : 34
Issue : 1
First Page : 13
Last Page : 20
Authors : Yokoyama A, Ohtsu K, Iwafune T, Nagai T, Ishihara S, Kobara Y, Horio T, Endo S
|
Selectivity ratio of LC50 for Diaphorina citri to LC50 for Diaphorina citri infected with Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus
|
Diaphorina citri
|
1.2
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus infection on susceptibility of Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, to selected insecticides.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 1
First Page : 94
Last Page : 99
Authors : Tiwari S, Pelz-Stelinski K, Stelinski LL.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: In the present investigation, the effect of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), a bacterium considered to be responsible for causing huanglongbing (HLB) disease in citrus, on the physiology of its vector, the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, was determined. Specifically, the effects of Las infection on the susceptibility of ACP to selected insecticides were determined. Furthermore, total protein content and general esterase activity were quantified in Las-infected and uninfected ACP to gain insight into the possible mechanism(s) responsible for altered susceptibility to insecticides owing to Las infection. RESULTS: LC(50) values were significantly lower in Las-infected than in uninfected ACP adults for chlorpyrifos and spinetoram. Furthermore, there was a general trend towards lower LC(50) values for three other insecticides for Las-infected ACP; however, the differences were not statistically significant. Total protein content (µg mL(-1)) was significantly lower in Las-infected (23.5 ± 1.3 in head + thorax; 27.7 ± 1.9 in abdomen) than in uninfected (29.7 ± 2.1 in head + thorax; 35.0 ± 2.3 in abdomen) ACP. Likewise, general esterase enzyme activity (nmol min(-1) mg(-1) protein) was significantly lower in Las-infected (111.6 ± 4.5 in head + thorax; 109.5 ± 3.7 in abdomen) than in uninfected (135.9 ± 7.5 in head + thorax; 206.1 ± 23.7 in abdomen) ACP. CONCLUSION: Susceptibility of ACP to selected insecticides from five major chemistries was greater in Las-infected than in uninfected ACP. The lower total protein content and reduced general esterase activity in Las-infected than in uninfected ACP may partly explain the observed higher insecticide susceptibility of Las-infected ACP.
|
Insecticidal activity against Diaphorina citri assessed as mortality after 48 hr
|
Diaphorina citri
|
13.55
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus infection on susceptibility of Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, to selected insecticides.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 1
First Page : 94
Last Page : 99
Authors : Tiwari S, Pelz-Stelinski K, Stelinski LL.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: In the present investigation, the effect of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), a bacterium considered to be responsible for causing huanglongbing (HLB) disease in citrus, on the physiology of its vector, the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, was determined. Specifically, the effects of Las infection on the susceptibility of ACP to selected insecticides were determined. Furthermore, total protein content and general esterase activity were quantified in Las-infected and uninfected ACP to gain insight into the possible mechanism(s) responsible for altered susceptibility to insecticides owing to Las infection. RESULTS: LC(50) values were significantly lower in Las-infected than in uninfected ACP adults for chlorpyrifos and spinetoram. Furthermore, there was a general trend towards lower LC(50) values for three other insecticides for Las-infected ACP; however, the differences were not statistically significant. Total protein content (µg mL(-1)) was significantly lower in Las-infected (23.5 ± 1.3 in head + thorax; 27.7 ± 1.9 in abdomen) than in uninfected (29.7 ± 2.1 in head + thorax; 35.0 ± 2.3 in abdomen) ACP. Likewise, general esterase enzyme activity (nmol min(-1) mg(-1) protein) was significantly lower in Las-infected (111.6 ± 4.5 in head + thorax; 109.5 ± 3.7 in abdomen) than in uninfected (135.9 ± 7.5 in head + thorax; 206.1 ± 23.7 in abdomen) ACP. CONCLUSION: Susceptibility of ACP to selected insecticides from five major chemistries was greater in Las-infected than in uninfected ACP. The lower total protein content and reduced general esterase activity in Las-infected than in uninfected ACP may partly explain the observed higher insecticide susceptibility of Las-infected ACP.
|
Insecticidal activity against Diaphorina citri infected with Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus assessed as mortality after 48 hr
|
Diaphorina citri
|
10.72
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Effect of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus infection on susceptibility of Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, to selected insecticides.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 1
First Page : 94
Last Page : 99
Authors : Tiwari S, Pelz-Stelinski K, Stelinski LL.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: In the present investigation, the effect of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), a bacterium considered to be responsible for causing huanglongbing (HLB) disease in citrus, on the physiology of its vector, the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, was determined. Specifically, the effects of Las infection on the susceptibility of ACP to selected insecticides were determined. Furthermore, total protein content and general esterase activity were quantified in Las-infected and uninfected ACP to gain insight into the possible mechanism(s) responsible for altered susceptibility to insecticides owing to Las infection. RESULTS: LC(50) values were significantly lower in Las-infected than in uninfected ACP adults for chlorpyrifos and spinetoram. Furthermore, there was a general trend towards lower LC(50) values for three other insecticides for Las-infected ACP; however, the differences were not statistically significant. Total protein content (µg mL(-1)) was significantly lower in Las-infected (23.5 ± 1.3 in head + thorax; 27.7 ± 1.9 in abdomen) than in uninfected (29.7 ± 2.1 in head + thorax; 35.0 ± 2.3 in abdomen) ACP. Likewise, general esterase enzyme activity (nmol min(-1) mg(-1) protein) was significantly lower in Las-infected (111.6 ± 4.5 in head + thorax; 109.5 ± 3.7 in abdomen) than in uninfected (135.9 ± 7.5 in head + thorax; 206.1 ± 23.7 in abdomen) ACP. CONCLUSION: Susceptibility of ACP to selected insecticides from five major chemistries was greater in Las-infected than in uninfected ACP. The lower total protein content and reduced general esterase activity in Las-infected than in uninfected ACP may partly explain the observed higher insecticide susceptibility of Las-infected ACP.
|
Ratio of I50 of acetylcholinesterase in Laodelphax striatella Ibaraki (small brown planthopper) homogenate to I50 for acetylcholinesterase in susceptible Laodelphax striatella homogenate
|
Laodelphax striatella
|
1.0
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Title : Insecticide Resistance and Insensitive Acetylcholinesterase in Small Brown Planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus
Year : 2000
Volume : 25
Issue : 4
First Page : 395
Last Page : 397
Authors : ENDO S, TSURUMACHI M
|
Ratio of I50 of acetylcholinesterase in Laodelphax striatella Kumamoto (small brown planthopper) homogenate to I50 for acetylcholinesterase in susceptible Laodelphax striatella homogenate
|
Laodelphax striatella
|
6.5
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Title : Insecticide Resistance and Insensitive Acetylcholinesterase in Small Brown Planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus
Year : 2000
Volume : 25
Issue : 4
First Page : 395
Last Page : 397
Authors : ENDO S, TSURUMACHI M
|
Ratio of LD50 for Laodelphax striatella Ibaraki (small brown planthopper) to LD50 for susceptible Laodelphax striatella
|
Laodelphax striatella
|
0.93
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Title : Insecticide Resistance and Insensitive Acetylcholinesterase in Small Brown Planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus
Year : 2000
Volume : 25
Issue : 4
First Page : 395
Last Page : 397
Authors : ENDO S, TSURUMACHI M
|
Ratio of LD50 for Laodelphax striatella Kumamoto (small brown planthopper) to LD50 for susceptible Laodelphax striatella
|
Laodelphax striatella
|
30.0
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Title : Insecticide Resistance and Insensitive Acetylcholinesterase in Small Brown Planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus
Year : 2000
Volume : 25
Issue : 4
First Page : 395
Last Page : 397
Authors : ENDO S, TSURUMACHI M
|
Insecticidal activity against Laodelphax striatella Ibaraki (small brown planthopper) assessed as mortality compound treated topically on dorsal side
|
Laodelphax striatella
|
14.0
mg.kg-1
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Title : Insecticide Resistance and Insensitive Acetylcholinesterase in Small Brown Planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus
Year : 2000
Volume : 25
Issue : 4
First Page : 395
Last Page : 397
Authors : ENDO S, TSURUMACHI M
|
Insecticidal activity against Laodelphax striatella Kumamoto (small brown planthopper) assessed as mortality compound treated topically on dorsal side
|
Laodelphax striatella
|
450.0
mg.kg-1
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Title : Insecticide Resistance and Insensitive Acetylcholinesterase in Small Brown Planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus
Year : 2000
Volume : 25
Issue : 4
First Page : 395
Last Page : 397
Authors : ENDO S, TSURUMACHI M
|
Insecticidal activity against susceptible Laodelphax striatella (small brown planthopper) assessed as mortality compound treated topically on dorsal side
|
Laodelphax striatella
|
15.0
mg.kg-1
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Title : Insecticide Resistance and Insensitive Acetylcholinesterase in Small Brown Planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus
Year : 2000
Volume : 25
Issue : 4
First Page : 395
Last Page : 397
Authors : ENDO S, TSURUMACHI M
|
Insecticidal activity against Musca domestica (house fly) NAIDM
|
Musca domestica
|
100.0
ug
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Title : Insecticidal and Antiacetyicholinesterase Activities of Isobutylthioaryl Methanesulfonates
Year : 1991
Volume : 16
Issue : 1
First Page : 9
Last Page : 18
Authors : KATO S, KOBAYASHI M, MASUI A, ISHIDA S
|
Insecticidal activity against drug-susceptible Nephotettix cincticeps Ageo (green rice leafhopper) assessed as mortality after 2 days by foliar spraying method
|
Nephotettix cincticeps
|
1.25
mg.kg-1
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Title : Insecticidal and Antiacetyicholinesterase Activities of Isobutylthioaryl Methanesulfonates
Year : 1991
Volume : 16
Issue : 1
First Page : 9
Last Page : 18
Authors : KATO S, KOBAYASHI M, MASUI A, ISHIDA S
|
Inhibition of Bos taurus (bovine) erythrocytes acetylcholinesterase
|
Bos taurus
|
6100.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Title : Insecticidal and Antiacetyicholinesterase Activities of Isobutylthioaryl Methanesulfonates
Year : 1991
Volume : 16
Issue : 1
First Page : 9
Last Page : 18
Authors : KATO S, KOBAYASHI M, MASUI A, ISHIDA S
|
Insecticidal activity against adult male Dendroctonus ponderosae assessed as mortality applied topically to ventral surface of insect mesothorax after 24 hr
|
Dendroctonus ponderosae
|
766.1
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Laboratory assays of select candidate insecticides for control of Dendroctonus ponderosae.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 5
First Page : 548
Last Page : 555
Authors : Fettig CJ, Hayes CJ, McKelvey SR, Mori SR.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), is the most destructive bark beetle in western North America. Dendroctonus ponderosae can be prevented from successfully colonizing and killing individual trees by ground-based sprays of insecticides applied directly to the tree bole. However, the future availability of several active ingredients, including carbaryl which is most commonly used in the western United States, is uncertain. Two novel insecticides, cyantraniliprole [Cyazypyr(™)-OD (oil dispersion) and Cyazypyr(™)-SC (suspension concentrate)] and chlorantraniliprole (Rynaxypyr(®)), and carbaryl were assayed in both filter paper and topical assays. RESULTS: Compared with 20,000 mg L(-1) carbaryl (i.e. the maximum label rate for solutions applied to conifers for protection from bark beetle attack in the western United States), cyantraniliprole OD caused similar rates of mortality in D. ponderosae adults at 400-fold weaker concentrations in both bioassays, while cyantraniliprole SC caused similar rates of mortality at 40-fold weaker concentrations. Probit analyses confirmed that D. ponderosae is most sensitive to cyantraniliprole OD, while chlorantraniliprole was effective at concentrations similar to carbaryl. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that lower concentrations of carbaryl have merit for field testing than have been previously considered. While cyantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole have similar modes of action, cyantraniliprole OD appears to have greater promise for protecting individual trees from mortality attributed to D. ponderosae attack and should be evaluated in field studies.
|
Insecticidal activity against adult female Dendroctonus ponderosae assessed as mortality applied topically to ventral surface of insect mesothorax after 24 hr
|
Dendroctonus ponderosae
|
682.2
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Laboratory assays of select candidate insecticides for control of Dendroctonus ponderosae.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 5
First Page : 548
Last Page : 555
Authors : Fettig CJ, Hayes CJ, McKelvey SR, Mori SR.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), is the most destructive bark beetle in western North America. Dendroctonus ponderosae can be prevented from successfully colonizing and killing individual trees by ground-based sprays of insecticides applied directly to the tree bole. However, the future availability of several active ingredients, including carbaryl which is most commonly used in the western United States, is uncertain. Two novel insecticides, cyantraniliprole [Cyazypyr(™)-OD (oil dispersion) and Cyazypyr(™)-SC (suspension concentrate)] and chlorantraniliprole (Rynaxypyr(®)), and carbaryl were assayed in both filter paper and topical assays. RESULTS: Compared with 20,000 mg L(-1) carbaryl (i.e. the maximum label rate for solutions applied to conifers for protection from bark beetle attack in the western United States), cyantraniliprole OD caused similar rates of mortality in D. ponderosae adults at 400-fold weaker concentrations in both bioassays, while cyantraniliprole SC caused similar rates of mortality at 40-fold weaker concentrations. Probit analyses confirmed that D. ponderosae is most sensitive to cyantraniliprole OD, while chlorantraniliprole was effective at concentrations similar to carbaryl. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that lower concentrations of carbaryl have merit for field testing than have been previously considered. While cyantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole have similar modes of action, cyantraniliprole OD appears to have greater promise for protecting individual trees from mortality attributed to D. ponderosae attack and should be evaluated in field studies.
|
Insecticidal activity against adult male Dendroctonus ponderosae assessed as mortality after 24 hr by filter paper assay
|
Dendroctonus ponderosae
|
22.9
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Laboratory assays of select candidate insecticides for control of Dendroctonus ponderosae.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 5
First Page : 548
Last Page : 555
Authors : Fettig CJ, Hayes CJ, McKelvey SR, Mori SR.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), is the most destructive bark beetle in western North America. Dendroctonus ponderosae can be prevented from successfully colonizing and killing individual trees by ground-based sprays of insecticides applied directly to the tree bole. However, the future availability of several active ingredients, including carbaryl which is most commonly used in the western United States, is uncertain. Two novel insecticides, cyantraniliprole [Cyazypyr(™)-OD (oil dispersion) and Cyazypyr(™)-SC (suspension concentrate)] and chlorantraniliprole (Rynaxypyr(®)), and carbaryl were assayed in both filter paper and topical assays. RESULTS: Compared with 20,000 mg L(-1) carbaryl (i.e. the maximum label rate for solutions applied to conifers for protection from bark beetle attack in the western United States), cyantraniliprole OD caused similar rates of mortality in D. ponderosae adults at 400-fold weaker concentrations in both bioassays, while cyantraniliprole SC caused similar rates of mortality at 40-fold weaker concentrations. Probit analyses confirmed that D. ponderosae is most sensitive to cyantraniliprole OD, while chlorantraniliprole was effective at concentrations similar to carbaryl. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that lower concentrations of carbaryl have merit for field testing than have been previously considered. While cyantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole have similar modes of action, cyantraniliprole OD appears to have greater promise for protecting individual trees from mortality attributed to D. ponderosae attack and should be evaluated in field studies.
|
Insecticidal activity against adult female Dendroctonus ponderosae assessed as mortality after 24 hr by filter paper assay
|
Dendroctonus ponderosae
|
17.6
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Laboratory assays of select candidate insecticides for control of Dendroctonus ponderosae.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 5
First Page : 548
Last Page : 555
Authors : Fettig CJ, Hayes CJ, McKelvey SR, Mori SR.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), is the most destructive bark beetle in western North America. Dendroctonus ponderosae can be prevented from successfully colonizing and killing individual trees by ground-based sprays of insecticides applied directly to the tree bole. However, the future availability of several active ingredients, including carbaryl which is most commonly used in the western United States, is uncertain. Two novel insecticides, cyantraniliprole [Cyazypyr(™)-OD (oil dispersion) and Cyazypyr(™)-SC (suspension concentrate)] and chlorantraniliprole (Rynaxypyr(®)), and carbaryl were assayed in both filter paper and topical assays. RESULTS: Compared with 20,000 mg L(-1) carbaryl (i.e. the maximum label rate for solutions applied to conifers for protection from bark beetle attack in the western United States), cyantraniliprole OD caused similar rates of mortality in D. ponderosae adults at 400-fold weaker concentrations in both bioassays, while cyantraniliprole SC caused similar rates of mortality at 40-fold weaker concentrations. Probit analyses confirmed that D. ponderosae is most sensitive to cyantraniliprole OD, while chlorantraniliprole was effective at concentrations similar to carbaryl. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that lower concentrations of carbaryl have merit for field testing than have been previously considered. While cyantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole have similar modes of action, cyantraniliprole OD appears to have greater promise for protecting individual trees from mortality attributed to D. ponderosae attack and should be evaluated in field studies.
|
Insecticidal activity against adult Dendroctonus ponderosae assessed as mortality applied topically to ventral surface of insect mesothorax after 24 hr
|
Dendroctonus ponderosae
|
628.7
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Laboratory assays of select candidate insecticides for control of Dendroctonus ponderosae.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 5
First Page : 548
Last Page : 555
Authors : Fettig CJ, Hayes CJ, McKelvey SR, Mori SR.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), is the most destructive bark beetle in western North America. Dendroctonus ponderosae can be prevented from successfully colonizing and killing individual trees by ground-based sprays of insecticides applied directly to the tree bole. However, the future availability of several active ingredients, including carbaryl which is most commonly used in the western United States, is uncertain. Two novel insecticides, cyantraniliprole [Cyazypyr(™)-OD (oil dispersion) and Cyazypyr(™)-SC (suspension concentrate)] and chlorantraniliprole (Rynaxypyr(®)), and carbaryl were assayed in both filter paper and topical assays. RESULTS: Compared with 20,000 mg L(-1) carbaryl (i.e. the maximum label rate for solutions applied to conifers for protection from bark beetle attack in the western United States), cyantraniliprole OD caused similar rates of mortality in D. ponderosae adults at 400-fold weaker concentrations in both bioassays, while cyantraniliprole SC caused similar rates of mortality at 40-fold weaker concentrations. Probit analyses confirmed that D. ponderosae is most sensitive to cyantraniliprole OD, while chlorantraniliprole was effective at concentrations similar to carbaryl. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that lower concentrations of carbaryl have merit for field testing than have been previously considered. While cyantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole have similar modes of action, cyantraniliprole OD appears to have greater promise for protecting individual trees from mortality attributed to D. ponderosae attack and should be evaluated in field studies.
|
Insecticidal activity against adult Dendroctonus ponderosae assessed as mortality applied topically on the ventral surface of insect mesothorax after 12 hr
|
Dendroctonus ponderosae
|
2529.1
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Laboratory assays of select candidate insecticides for control of Dendroctonus ponderosae.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 5
First Page : 548
Last Page : 555
Authors : Fettig CJ, Hayes CJ, McKelvey SR, Mori SR.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), is the most destructive bark beetle in western North America. Dendroctonus ponderosae can be prevented from successfully colonizing and killing individual trees by ground-based sprays of insecticides applied directly to the tree bole. However, the future availability of several active ingredients, including carbaryl which is most commonly used in the western United States, is uncertain. Two novel insecticides, cyantraniliprole [Cyazypyr(™)-OD (oil dispersion) and Cyazypyr(™)-SC (suspension concentrate)] and chlorantraniliprole (Rynaxypyr(®)), and carbaryl were assayed in both filter paper and topical assays. RESULTS: Compared with 20,000 mg L(-1) carbaryl (i.e. the maximum label rate for solutions applied to conifers for protection from bark beetle attack in the western United States), cyantraniliprole OD caused similar rates of mortality in D. ponderosae adults at 400-fold weaker concentrations in both bioassays, while cyantraniliprole SC caused similar rates of mortality at 40-fold weaker concentrations. Probit analyses confirmed that D. ponderosae is most sensitive to cyantraniliprole OD, while chlorantraniliprole was effective at concentrations similar to carbaryl. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that lower concentrations of carbaryl have merit for field testing than have been previously considered. While cyantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole have similar modes of action, cyantraniliprole OD appears to have greater promise for protecting individual trees from mortality attributed to D. ponderosae attack and should be evaluated in field studies.
|
Insecticidal activity against adult Dendroctonus ponderosae assessed as mortality after 24 hr by filter paper assay
|
Dendroctonus ponderosae
|
19.1
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Laboratory assays of select candidate insecticides for control of Dendroctonus ponderosae.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 5
First Page : 548
Last Page : 555
Authors : Fettig CJ, Hayes CJ, McKelvey SR, Mori SR.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), is the most destructive bark beetle in western North America. Dendroctonus ponderosae can be prevented from successfully colonizing and killing individual trees by ground-based sprays of insecticides applied directly to the tree bole. However, the future availability of several active ingredients, including carbaryl which is most commonly used in the western United States, is uncertain. Two novel insecticides, cyantraniliprole [Cyazypyr(™)-OD (oil dispersion) and Cyazypyr(™)-SC (suspension concentrate)] and chlorantraniliprole (Rynaxypyr(®)), and carbaryl were assayed in both filter paper and topical assays. RESULTS: Compared with 20,000 mg L(-1) carbaryl (i.e. the maximum label rate for solutions applied to conifers for protection from bark beetle attack in the western United States), cyantraniliprole OD caused similar rates of mortality in D. ponderosae adults at 400-fold weaker concentrations in both bioassays, while cyantraniliprole SC caused similar rates of mortality at 40-fold weaker concentrations. Probit analyses confirmed that D. ponderosae is most sensitive to cyantraniliprole OD, while chlorantraniliprole was effective at concentrations similar to carbaryl. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that lower concentrations of carbaryl have merit for field testing than have been previously considered. While cyantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole have similar modes of action, cyantraniliprole OD appears to have greater promise for protecting individual trees from mortality attributed to D. ponderosae attack and should be evaluated in field studies.
|
Insecticidal activity against adult Dendroctonus ponderosae assessed as mortality after 12 hr by filter paper assay
|
Dendroctonus ponderosae
|
132.9
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Laboratory assays of select candidate insecticides for control of Dendroctonus ponderosae.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 5
First Page : 548
Last Page : 555
Authors : Fettig CJ, Hayes CJ, McKelvey SR, Mori SR.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), is the most destructive bark beetle in western North America. Dendroctonus ponderosae can be prevented from successfully colonizing and killing individual trees by ground-based sprays of insecticides applied directly to the tree bole. However, the future availability of several active ingredients, including carbaryl which is most commonly used in the western United States, is uncertain. Two novel insecticides, cyantraniliprole [Cyazypyr(™)-OD (oil dispersion) and Cyazypyr(™)-SC (suspension concentrate)] and chlorantraniliprole (Rynaxypyr(®)), and carbaryl were assayed in both filter paper and topical assays. RESULTS: Compared with 20,000 mg L(-1) carbaryl (i.e. the maximum label rate for solutions applied to conifers for protection from bark beetle attack in the western United States), cyantraniliprole OD caused similar rates of mortality in D. ponderosae adults at 400-fold weaker concentrations in both bioassays, while cyantraniliprole SC caused similar rates of mortality at 40-fold weaker concentrations. Probit analyses confirmed that D. ponderosae is most sensitive to cyantraniliprole OD, while chlorantraniliprole was effective at concentrations similar to carbaryl. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that lower concentrations of carbaryl have merit for field testing than have been previously considered. While cyantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole have similar modes of action, cyantraniliprole OD appears to have greater promise for protecting individual trees from mortality attributed to D. ponderosae attack and should be evaluated in field studies.
|
Insecticidal activity against Drosophila suzukii assessed as male mortality at 3.31 g/ha by direct application at 22 degC measured after 24 hr
|
Drosophila suzukii
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Laboratory and field comparisons of insecticides to reduce infestation of Drosophila suzukii in berry crops.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 11
First Page : 1375
Last Page : 1385
Authors : Bruck DJ, Bolda M, Tanigoshi L, Klick J, Kleiber J, DeFrancesco J, Gerdeman B, Spitler H.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The spotted wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an invasive pest of small-fruit crops. Unlike most other Drosophila, this insect is able to oviposit into and damage ripe and ripening fruit, making it unmarketable. Because this is a new pest in the United States, it is necessary to identify registered insecticides to manage this insect effectively in conventional and organic production systems. RESULTS: The present laboratory bioassays and field trials identified a number of insecticides representing various modes of action that are effective in controlling D. suzukii. Products that performed well in the laboratory bioassay also performed well in the field, indicating that screening of new chemistries in the laboratory is a worthy exercise. Field application of pyrethoids, organophosphates or spinosyns provided 5-14 days of residual control of D. suzukii. The efficacy of the neonicotinoids as adulticides was not satisfactory compared with the other contact-mode-of-action chemistries. Based on the zero tolerance by the small-fruit industry and the individual effects mentioned above, neonicotinoids are not currently recommended for D. suzukii management. CONCLUSIONS: There are effective insecticides registered for controlling D. suzukii infestations in susceptible small-fruit crops.
|
Insecticidal activity against Drosophila suzukii assessed as male mortality at 41 g/ha by direct application at 22 degC measured after 24 hr
|
Drosophila suzukii
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Laboratory and field comparisons of insecticides to reduce infestation of Drosophila suzukii in berry crops.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 11
First Page : 1375
Last Page : 1385
Authors : Bruck DJ, Bolda M, Tanigoshi L, Klick J, Kleiber J, DeFrancesco J, Gerdeman B, Spitler H.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The spotted wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an invasive pest of small-fruit crops. Unlike most other Drosophila, this insect is able to oviposit into and damage ripe and ripening fruit, making it unmarketable. Because this is a new pest in the United States, it is necessary to identify registered insecticides to manage this insect effectively in conventional and organic production systems. RESULTS: The present laboratory bioassays and field trials identified a number of insecticides representing various modes of action that are effective in controlling D. suzukii. Products that performed well in the laboratory bioassay also performed well in the field, indicating that screening of new chemistries in the laboratory is a worthy exercise. Field application of pyrethoids, organophosphates or spinosyns provided 5-14 days of residual control of D. suzukii. The efficacy of the neonicotinoids as adulticides was not satisfactory compared with the other contact-mode-of-action chemistries. Based on the zero tolerance by the small-fruit industry and the individual effects mentioned above, neonicotinoids are not currently recommended for D. suzukii management. CONCLUSIONS: There are effective insecticides registered for controlling D. suzukii infestations in susceptible small-fruit crops.
|
Insecticidal activity against Drosophila suzukii assessed as male mortality at 112.3 g/ha by direct application at 22 degC measured after 24 hr
|
Drosophila suzukii
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Laboratory and field comparisons of insecticides to reduce infestation of Drosophila suzukii in berry crops.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 11
First Page : 1375
Last Page : 1385
Authors : Bruck DJ, Bolda M, Tanigoshi L, Klick J, Kleiber J, DeFrancesco J, Gerdeman B, Spitler H.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The spotted wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an invasive pest of small-fruit crops. Unlike most other Drosophila, this insect is able to oviposit into and damage ripe and ripening fruit, making it unmarketable. Because this is a new pest in the United States, it is necessary to identify registered insecticides to manage this insect effectively in conventional and organic production systems. RESULTS: The present laboratory bioassays and field trials identified a number of insecticides representing various modes of action that are effective in controlling D. suzukii. Products that performed well in the laboratory bioassay also performed well in the field, indicating that screening of new chemistries in the laboratory is a worthy exercise. Field application of pyrethoids, organophosphates or spinosyns provided 5-14 days of residual control of D. suzukii. The efficacy of the neonicotinoids as adulticides was not satisfactory compared with the other contact-mode-of-action chemistries. Based on the zero tolerance by the small-fruit industry and the individual effects mentioned above, neonicotinoids are not currently recommended for D. suzukii management. CONCLUSIONS: There are effective insecticides registered for controlling D. suzukii infestations in susceptible small-fruit crops.
|
Insecticidal activity against Drosophila suzukii assessed as male mortality at 2.3 g/ha by direct application at 22 degC measured after 24 hr
|
Drosophila suzukii
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Laboratory and field comparisons of insecticides to reduce infestation of Drosophila suzukii in berry crops.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 11
First Page : 1375
Last Page : 1385
Authors : Bruck DJ, Bolda M, Tanigoshi L, Klick J, Kleiber J, DeFrancesco J, Gerdeman B, Spitler H.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The spotted wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an invasive pest of small-fruit crops. Unlike most other Drosophila, this insect is able to oviposit into and damage ripe and ripening fruit, making it unmarketable. Because this is a new pest in the United States, it is necessary to identify registered insecticides to manage this insect effectively in conventional and organic production systems. RESULTS: The present laboratory bioassays and field trials identified a number of insecticides representing various modes of action that are effective in controlling D. suzukii. Products that performed well in the laboratory bioassay also performed well in the field, indicating that screening of new chemistries in the laboratory is a worthy exercise. Field application of pyrethoids, organophosphates or spinosyns provided 5-14 days of residual control of D. suzukii. The efficacy of the neonicotinoids as adulticides was not satisfactory compared with the other contact-mode-of-action chemistries. Based on the zero tolerance by the small-fruit industry and the individual effects mentioned above, neonicotinoids are not currently recommended for D. suzukii management. CONCLUSIONS: There are effective insecticides registered for controlling D. suzukii infestations in susceptible small-fruit crops.
|
Insecticidal activity against Drosophila suzukii assessed as mortality at 2.3 g/ha by direct application at 22 degC measured after 24 hr
|
Drosophila suzukii
|
100.0
%
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Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Laboratory and field comparisons of insecticides to reduce infestation of Drosophila suzukii in berry crops.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 11
First Page : 1375
Last Page : 1385
Authors : Bruck DJ, Bolda M, Tanigoshi L, Klick J, Kleiber J, DeFrancesco J, Gerdeman B, Spitler H.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The spotted wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an invasive pest of small-fruit crops. Unlike most other Drosophila, this insect is able to oviposit into and damage ripe and ripening fruit, making it unmarketable. Because this is a new pest in the United States, it is necessary to identify registered insecticides to manage this insect effectively in conventional and organic production systems. RESULTS: The present laboratory bioassays and field trials identified a number of insecticides representing various modes of action that are effective in controlling D. suzukii. Products that performed well in the laboratory bioassay also performed well in the field, indicating that screening of new chemistries in the laboratory is a worthy exercise. Field application of pyrethoids, organophosphates or spinosyns provided 5-14 days of residual control of D. suzukii. The efficacy of the neonicotinoids as adulticides was not satisfactory compared with the other contact-mode-of-action chemistries. Based on the zero tolerance by the small-fruit industry and the individual effects mentioned above, neonicotinoids are not currently recommended for D. suzukii management. CONCLUSIONS: There are effective insecticides registered for controlling D. suzukii infestations in susceptible small-fruit crops.
