|
Inhibition of [3H]D-cis-diltiazem binding to calcium channel of isolated guinea pig skeletal muscle microsomal preparation
|
Cavia porcellus
|
380.0
nM
|
|
Journal : Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
Title : The synthesis of a conformationally rigid calcium channel blocker
Year : 1992
Volume : 2
Issue : 1
First Page : 95
Last Page : 98
Authors : Barrish JC, Spergel SH, Moreland S, Hedberg S
|
Displacement of [3H]diltiazem from L-type calcium channel of guinea pig striated muscle
|
Cavia porcellus
|
380.0
nM
|
|
Journal : Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
Title : (cis)-3-methyl-1,5-benzothiazepine-4-ones: potent analogs of the calcium channel blocker diltiazen
Year : 1993
Volume : 3
Issue : 12
First Page : 2797
Last Page : 2800
Authors : Atwal KS, Ahmed SZ, Floyd DM, Moreland S, Hedberg A
|
Ability to inhibit [3H]nitrendipine binding to the L-type calcium channel receptor(CCR) in rat heart homogenate.
|
Rattus norvegicus
|
54.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Cardiovascular characterization of pyrrolo[2,1-d][1,5]benzothiazepine derivatives binding selectively to the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR): from dual PBR affinity and calcium antagonist activity to novel and selective calcium entry blockers.
Year : 1996
Volume : 39
Issue : 15
First Page : 2922
Last Page : 2938
Authors : Campiani G, Fiorini I, De Filippis MP, Ciani SM, Garofalo A, Nacci V, Giorgi G, Sega A, Botta M, Chiarini A, Budriesi R, Bruni G, Romeo MR, Manzoni C, Mennini T.
Abstract : The synthesis and cardiovascular characterization of a series of novel pyrrolo[2,1-d][1,5]-benzothiazepine derivatives (54-68) are described. Selective peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) ligands, such as PK 11195 and Ro 5-4864, have recently been found to possess low but significant inhibitory activity of L-type calcium channels, and this property is implicated in the cardiovascular effects observed with these compounds. In functional studies both PK 11195 (1-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(1-methylpropyl)-3-isoquinolinecarboxa mide) and Ro 5-4864 (4'-chlorodiazepam) did not display selectivity between cardiac and vascular tissue. Therefore, several 7-(acyloxy)-6-arylpyrrolo[2,1-d][1,5]benzothiazepines, potent and selective peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor ligands recently developed by us (3, 7-20), were subjected to calcium channel receptor binding assay. Some of these compounds showed an unexpected potency in displacing the binding of [3H]nitrendipine from L-type calcium channels, much higher than that reported for PK 11195 and Ro 5-4864 and equal to or higher than that of reference calcium antagonists such as verapamil and (+)-cis-diltiazem. Specifically, in rat cortex homogenate, our prototypic PBR ligand 7-acetoxy-6-(p-methoxyphenyl)pyrrolo[2,1-d][1,5]benzothiazepine (3) showed an IC50 equal to 0.13 nM for inhibition of [3H]nitrendipine binding. Furthermore, in functional studies this compound displayed a clear-cut selectivity for cardiac over vascular tissue. Comparison of calcium antagonist activity on guinea pig aorta strips with the negative inotropic activity, determined by using isolated guinea pig left atria, revealed that 3 displayed higher selectivity than the reference (+)-cis-diltiazem. Thus, the pyrrolobenzothiazepine 3 might represent a new tool for characterizing the relationship between the PBR and cardiac function. Furthermore, we have also investigated the structural dependence of binding to PBR and L-type calcium channels, and this study allowed us to identify a new class of potent calcium channel blockers selective for cardiac over vascular tissue, with no affinity for PBR. A number of structure-activity relationship trends have been identified, and a possible explanation is advanced in order to account for the observed differences in selectivity. Three structural features, namely, (i) the saturation of the C(6)-C(7) double bond, with a consequent higher molecular flexibility, (ii) the presence of a substituent in the benzofused ring, and (iii) a basic side chain at C-10 of the pyrrolobenzothiazepine ring system, were found to be responsible for potent L-type calcium channel antagonism and clear-cut selectivity for cardiac over vascular tissue. Among the synthesized compounds the pyrrolobenzothiazepine 62 was found to be the most promising selective calcium channel blocker. Additionally, the molecular structure determination of the key intermediate 48 by X-ray diffraction, molecular modeling, and NMR analysis is reported.
|
Ability to inhibit [3H]nitrendipine binding to the calcium channel receptor(CCR) in rat cerebral cortex homogenate.
|
None
|
46.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Cardiovascular characterization of pyrrolo[2,1-d][1,5]benzothiazepine derivatives binding selectively to the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR): from dual PBR affinity and calcium antagonist activity to novel and selective calcium entry blockers.
Year : 1996
Volume : 39
Issue : 15
First Page : 2922
Last Page : 2938
Authors : Campiani G, Fiorini I, De Filippis MP, Ciani SM, Garofalo A, Nacci V, Giorgi G, Sega A, Botta M, Chiarini A, Budriesi R, Bruni G, Romeo MR, Manzoni C, Mennini T.
Abstract : The synthesis and cardiovascular characterization of a series of novel pyrrolo[2,1-d][1,5]-benzothiazepine derivatives (54-68) are described. Selective peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) ligands, such as PK 11195 and Ro 5-4864, have recently been found to possess low but significant inhibitory activity of L-type calcium channels, and this property is implicated in the cardiovascular effects observed with these compounds. In functional studies both PK 11195 (1-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(1-methylpropyl)-3-isoquinolinecarboxa mide) and Ro 5-4864 (4'-chlorodiazepam) did not display selectivity between cardiac and vascular tissue. Therefore, several 7-(acyloxy)-6-arylpyrrolo[2,1-d][1,5]benzothiazepines, potent and selective peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor ligands recently developed by us (3, 7-20), were subjected to calcium channel receptor binding assay. Some of these compounds showed an unexpected potency in displacing the binding of [3H]nitrendipine from L-type calcium channels, much higher than that reported for PK 11195 and Ro 5-4864 and equal to or higher than that of reference calcium antagonists such as verapamil and (+)-cis-diltiazem. Specifically, in rat cortex homogenate, our prototypic PBR ligand 7-acetoxy-6-(p-methoxyphenyl)pyrrolo[2,1-d][1,5]benzothiazepine (3) showed an IC50 equal to 0.13 nM for inhibition of [3H]nitrendipine binding. Furthermore, in functional studies this compound displayed a clear-cut selectivity for cardiac over vascular tissue. Comparison of calcium antagonist activity on guinea pig aorta strips with the negative inotropic activity, determined by using isolated guinea pig left atria, revealed that 3 displayed higher selectivity than the reference (+)-cis-diltiazem. Thus, the pyrrolobenzothiazepine 3 might represent a new tool for characterizing the relationship between the PBR and cardiac function. Furthermore, we have also investigated the structural dependence of binding to PBR and L-type calcium channels, and this study allowed us to identify a new class of potent calcium channel blockers selective for cardiac over vascular tissue, with no affinity for PBR. A number of structure-activity relationship trends have been identified, and a possible explanation is advanced in order to account for the observed differences in selectivity. Three structural features, namely, (i) the saturation of the C(6)-C(7) double bond, with a consequent higher molecular flexibility, (ii) the presence of a substituent in the benzofused ring, and (iii) a basic side chain at C-10 of the pyrrolobenzothiazepine ring system, were found to be responsible for potent L-type calcium channel antagonism and clear-cut selectivity for cardiac over vascular tissue. Among the synthesized compounds the pyrrolobenzothiazepine 62 was found to be the most promising selective calcium channel blocker. Additionally, the molecular structure determination of the key intermediate 48 by X-ray diffraction, molecular modeling, and NMR analysis is reported.
|
Displacement of [3H]nitrendipine from calcium channel receptor
|
Rattus norvegicus
|
42.0
nM
|
|
Journal : Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
Title : Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of 1-aminomethyl-4-substituted-4-H-pyrrolo[2,1-C][1,4] benzothiazines, a new class of calcium antagonists.
Year : 1992
Volume : 2
Issue : 10
First Page : 1193
Last Page : 1198
Authors : Campiani G, Nacci V, Garofalo A, Botta M, Fiorini I, Tafi A, Bruni G, Romeo M, Peres A, Bertollini L
|
Inhibition of [3H]nitrendipine binding to L-type calcium channel receptor(CCR) in rat cerebral cortex homogenate
|
Rattus norvegicus
|
21.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Cardiovascular characterization of pyrrolo[2,1-d][1,5]benzothiazepine derivatives binding selectively to the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR): from dual PBR affinity and calcium antagonist activity to novel and selective calcium entry blockers.
Year : 1996
Volume : 39
Issue : 15
First Page : 2922
Last Page : 2938
Authors : Campiani G, Fiorini I, De Filippis MP, Ciani SM, Garofalo A, Nacci V, Giorgi G, Sega A, Botta M, Chiarini A, Budriesi R, Bruni G, Romeo MR, Manzoni C, Mennini T.
Abstract : The synthesis and cardiovascular characterization of a series of novel pyrrolo[2,1-d][1,5]-benzothiazepine derivatives (54-68) are described. Selective peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) ligands, such as PK 11195 and Ro 5-4864, have recently been found to possess low but significant inhibitory activity of L-type calcium channels, and this property is implicated in the cardiovascular effects observed with these compounds. In functional studies both PK 11195 (1-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(1-methylpropyl)-3-isoquinolinecarboxa mide) and Ro 5-4864 (4'-chlorodiazepam) did not display selectivity between cardiac and vascular tissue. Therefore, several 7-(acyloxy)-6-arylpyrrolo[2,1-d][1,5]benzothiazepines, potent and selective peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor ligands recently developed by us (3, 7-20), were subjected to calcium channel receptor binding assay. Some of these compounds showed an unexpected potency in displacing the binding of [3H]nitrendipine from L-type calcium channels, much higher than that reported for PK 11195 and Ro 5-4864 and equal to or higher than that of reference calcium antagonists such as verapamil and (+)-cis-diltiazem. Specifically, in rat cortex homogenate, our prototypic PBR ligand 7-acetoxy-6-(p-methoxyphenyl)pyrrolo[2,1-d][1,5]benzothiazepine (3) showed an IC50 equal to 0.13 nM for inhibition of [3H]nitrendipine binding. Furthermore, in functional studies this compound displayed a clear-cut selectivity for cardiac over vascular tissue. Comparison of calcium antagonist activity on guinea pig aorta strips with the negative inotropic activity, determined by using isolated guinea pig left atria, revealed that 3 displayed higher selectivity than the reference (+)-cis-diltiazem. Thus, the pyrrolobenzothiazepine 3 might represent a new tool for characterizing the relationship between the PBR and cardiac function. Furthermore, we have also investigated the structural dependence of binding to PBR and L-type calcium channels, and this study allowed us to identify a new class of potent calcium channel blockers selective for cardiac over vascular tissue, with no affinity for PBR. A number of structure-activity relationship trends have been identified, and a possible explanation is advanced in order to account for the observed differences in selectivity. Three structural features, namely, (i) the saturation of the C(6)-C(7) double bond, with a consequent higher molecular flexibility, (ii) the presence of a substituent in the benzofused ring, and (iii) a basic side chain at C-10 of the pyrrolobenzothiazepine ring system, were found to be responsible for potent L-type calcium channel antagonism and clear-cut selectivity for cardiac over vascular tissue. Among the synthesized compounds the pyrrolobenzothiazepine 62 was found to be the most promising selective calcium channel blocker. Additionally, the molecular structure determination of the key intermediate 48 by X-ray diffraction, molecular modeling, and NMR analysis is reported.
|
Displacement of [3H]nitrendipine from calcium channel receptor
|
Rattus norvegicus
|
16.0
nM
|
|
Journal : Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
Title : Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of 1-aminomethyl-4-substituted-4-H-pyrrolo[2,1-C][1,4] benzothiazines, a new class of calcium antagonists.
Year : 1992
Volume : 2
Issue : 10
First Page : 1193
Last Page : 1198
Authors : Campiani G, Nacci V, Garofalo A, Botta M, Fiorini I, Tafi A, Bruni G, Romeo M, Peres A, Bertollini L
|
In Vitro evaluation for the affinity for the diltiazem receptor in isolated guinea pig skeletal muscle microsomal preparations by inhibiting [3H]diltiazem binding
|
Cavia porcellus
|
200.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Benzazepinone calcium channel blockers. 2. Structure-activity and drug metabolism studies leading to potent antihypertensive agents. Comparison with benzothiazepinones.
Year : 1992
Volume : 35
Issue : 4
First Page : 756
Last Page : 772
Authors : Floyd DM, Kimball SD, Krapcho J, Das J, Turk CF, Moquin RV, Lago MW, Duff KJ, Lee VG, White RE.
Abstract : As part of a program to discover potent antihypertensive analogues of diltiazem (3a), we prepared 1-benzazepin-2-ones (4). Benzazepinones competitively displace radiolabeled diltiazem, and show the same absolute stereochemical preferences at the calcium channel receptor protein. Derivatives of 4 containing a trifluoromethyl substituent in the fused aromatic ring show potent and long-acting antihypertensive activity. Studies of the metabolism of 4 lead to the metabolically stable antihypertensive calcium channel blockers 5a and 5c. Benzazepinone 5a is a longer acting and more potent antihypertensive agent than the second generation diltiazem analogue TA-3090 (3e).
|
Percent inhibition of calcium-dependent potassium-polarized smooth muscle contraction in canine trachea
|
Canis lupus familiaris
|
96.0
%
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Synthesis of (aryloxy)alkylamines. 2. Novel imidazo-fused heterocycles with calcium channel blocking and local anesthetic activity.
Year : 1988
Volume : 31
Issue : 11
First Page : 2221
Last Page : 2227
Authors : Sanfilippo PJ, Urbanski M, Press JB, Dubinsky B, Moore JB.
Abstract : A series of imidazo-fused heterocycles substituted with an aryloxy)alkylamine side chain were prepared as modifications to butoprozine (I) and found to possess calcium channel blocking activity similar in potency to that of bepridil in trachea smooth muscle and similar to that of verapamil in nitrendipine binding affinity in rabbit cardiac muscle. Of the various imidazo-fused heterocycles prepared, the imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines were also found to be potent local anesthetic agents. While most compounds in this series were equipotent to lidocaine in our initial screen, compounds 2 and 35 showed local anesthetic activity approximately 100 times more potent than lidocaine in our preliminary assays. These compounds represent a novel structural class of local anesthetic agents, and compound 2 is under further investigation.
|
Effective drug concentration for negative inotropic activity was determined; Range is from 0.70-0.85 (10e-6 M)
|
Cavia porcellus
|
790.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Cardiovascular characterization of [1,4]thiazino[3,4-c][1,2,4]oxadiazol-1-one derivatives: selective myocardial calcium channel modulators.
Year : 2002
Volume : 45
Issue : 16
First Page : 3475
Last Page : 3481
Authors : Budriesi R, Cosimelli B, Ioan P, Lanza CZ, Spinelli D, Chiarini A.
Abstract : As an extension of previous investigations (Tetrahedron 1999, 55, 5433-5440; J. Heterocycl. Chem. 2000, 37, 875-878), a series of 21 [1,4]thiazino[3,4-c][1,2,4]oxadiazolones, which has already been synthesized (except for compounds 5a, 5b, 6), was evaluated as calcium entry blockers by functional studies, namely, in isolated guinea-pig left and right atria and K(+)-depolarized aortic strips. With the aim of investigating the effect of a condensed benzene ring on the molecular structure and the influence of substituents on the 8-phenyl ring of 4a, ab initio computations (RHF/3-21G) were performed on compounds 3, 4a-d, 4f, and 4k. The results obtained show that many of the compounds studied are potent and selective negative inotropic agents; in particular, compounds 4e and 4f are about 3- and 2-fold more potent than diltiazem, respectively.
|
Displacement of [3H]nitrendipine binding to L-type calcium channel of Guinea pig cerebral cortex membranes
|
Cavia porcellus
|
59.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : A novel class of calcium-entry blockers: the 1[[4-(aminoalkoxy)phenyl]sulfonyl]indolizines.
Year : 1992
Volume : 35
Issue : 6
First Page : 981
Last Page : 988
Authors : Gubin J, Lucchetti J, Mahaux J, Nisato D, Rosseels G, Clinet M, Polster P, Chatelain P.
Abstract : The synthesis and initial biological evaluation of a series of 1-sulfonylindolizines is described. These compounds have been shown to be representatives of a novel class of potent, slow-channel calcium antagonists. All compounds were found to be at least as active as the reference calcium antagonists verapamil and cis-(+)-diltiazem. Structure-activity relationship studies have shown that all compounds possessing an aralkyl group in the amine moiety and an isopropyl or cyclopropyl group at the 2 position of the indolizine are among the most potent calcium antagonists known outside the 1,4-dihydropyridine series. The IC50 values for the inhibition of [3H]nitrendipine binding vary between 0.19 and 4.5 nM whereas the IC50 value for nifedipine is 2.5 nM. One of the compounds in this group (9ab) has now been selected for clinical development.
|
Percent inhibition of calcium-induced contraction on K+-depolarized guinea-pig aortic strip at 5 x 10 e-5M
|
Cavia porcellus
|
88.0
%
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Cardiovascular characterization of [1,4]thiazino[3,4-c][1,2,4]oxadiazol-1-one derivatives: selective myocardial calcium channel modulators.
Year : 2002
Volume : 45
Issue : 16
First Page : 3475
Last Page : 3481
Authors : Budriesi R, Cosimelli B, Ioan P, Lanza CZ, Spinelli D, Chiarini A.
Abstract : As an extension of previous investigations (Tetrahedron 1999, 55, 5433-5440; J. Heterocycl. Chem. 2000, 37, 875-878), a series of 21 [1,4]thiazino[3,4-c][1,2,4]oxadiazolones, which has already been synthesized (except for compounds 5a, 5b, 6), was evaluated as calcium entry blockers by functional studies, namely, in isolated guinea-pig left and right atria and K(+)-depolarized aortic strips. With the aim of investigating the effect of a condensed benzene ring on the molecular structure and the influence of substituents on the 8-phenyl ring of 4a, ab initio computations (RHF/3-21G) were performed on compounds 3, 4a-d, 4f, and 4k. The results obtained show that many of the compounds studied are potent and selective negative inotropic agents; in particular, compounds 4e and 4f are about 3- and 2-fold more potent than diltiazem, respectively.
|
Calcium antagonist activity on K+ depolarized guinea pig aortic strips at 10E-4 mol/L concentration was determined
|
Cavia porcellus
|
88.0
%
|
|
Journal : Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
Title : Synthesis and in vitro cardiovascular activity of 4-aryl-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1h-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzothiazin-1-ones and 7-acetoxy-6-phenyl-7a,8,9,10-tetrahydropyrrolo [2,1,-d][1,5]benzothiazepin-10-one.
Year : 1994
Volume : 4
Issue : 10
First Page : 1235
Last Page : 1240
Authors : Campiani G, Garofalo A, Fiorini I, Nacci V, Botta M, Tafi A, Chiarini A, Budriesi R, Bruni G, Romeo M
|
In vitro molar concentration required to block [Ca2+] -induced contraction of K+-depolarized taenia cecum of guinea pigs
|
Cavia porcellus
|
170.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Novel calcium antagonists. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of benzothiazoline derivatives.
Year : 1988
Volume : 31
Issue : 5
First Page : 919
Last Page : 930
Authors : Yamamoto K, Fujita M, Tabashi K, Kawashima Y, Kato E, Oya M, Iso T, Iwao J.
Abstract : A series of novel compounds having a benzothiazoline skeleton was studied for their structure-activity relationship (SAR) with respect to Ca2+ antagonistic activity. As test compounds, analogues of 3-acyl-2-arylbenzothiazolines (3) were synthesized. Benzothiazoline derivatives (3) exerted higher Ca2+ antagonistic activity than the corresponding thiazolidine derivatives (2). Effects of substituents R1-R4, the substitution position of the aminoalkoxy group and R2, and the length of the methylene chain on biological activities were examined. Compound 4 [3-acetyl-2-[5-methoxy-2-[4-[N-methyl-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethyl ) amino]butoxy]phenyl]benzothiazoline hydrochloride] showed a potent Ca2+ antagonistic activity in vitro and dual inhibition on the fast Na+ inward channel and the slow Ca2+ inward channel in Langendorff perfused rabbit hearts. Compound 4 also showed a long-acting hypotensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats and prevented acute pulmonary thrombotic death in mice.
|
Molar concentration needed to increase e binding by 50% of maximal stimulation
|
Cavia porcellus
|
59.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Novel heterocyclic analogues of the new potent class of calcium entry blockers: 1-[[4-(aminoalkoxy)phenyl]sulfonyl]indolizines.
Year : 1993
Volume : 36
Issue : 10
First Page : 1425
Last Page : 1433
Authors : Gubin J, de Vogelaer H, Inion H, Houben C, Lucchetti J, Mahaux J, Rosseels G, Peiren M, Clinet M, Polster P.
Abstract : Several heterocyclic analogues of the potent 1-[[4-(aminoalkoxy)phenyl]sulfonyl]indolizines were synthesized and evaluated for their antagonistic calcium activities in comparison with the 1-sulfonylindolizine SR 33557 and the usual calcium antagonist references verapamil, cis-(+)-diltiazem, and nifedipine. The bicyclic nine-membered rings were, in general, more potent than the bicyclic 10-membered or five-membered rings. Among the bicyclic nine-membered rings, the indole nucleus appeared to be extremely favorable to support the calcium antagonistic activity. In particular, compound 36, with an IC50 value for the inhibition of [3H]nitrendipine equal to 0.072 nM, is among the most potent calcium antagonist known. This compound has been selected for clinical development.
|
Inhibitory concentration required to suppress the contractile force of guinea pig right atria
|
Cavia porcellus
|
95.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Synthesis and Ca2+ antagonistic activity of 2-[2-[(aminoalkyl)oxy]-5-methoxyphenyl]-3,4-dihydro-4-methyl-3-oxo-2H- 1,4-benzothiazines.
Year : 1990
Volume : 33
Issue : 7
First Page : 1898
Last Page : 1905
Authors : Fujita M, Ito S, Ota A, Kato N, Yamamoto K, Kawashima Y, Yamauchi H, Iwao J.
Abstract : As an extension of the previous investigation (J. Med. Chem. 1988, 31, 919), we synthesized a series of 2-[2-[(aminoalkyl)oxy]-5-methoxyphenyl]-3,4-dihydro-4-methyl-3-oxo-2H- 1,4-benzothiazines (3) and evaluated their Ca2+ antagonistic activities. Ca2+ antagonistic activity was measured with isolated depolarized guinea pig taenia cecum. On the basis of their potent Ca2+ antagonistic activity, six benzothiazines were selected and further evaluated for their vasocardioselectivity. Among these six compounds, the key compound 15 [3,4-dihydro-2-[5-methoxy-2-[3-[N-methyl-N-[2-[3,4- (methylenedioxy)phenoxy]ethyl]amino]propoxy]phenyl]-4-methyl-3-oxo- 2H-1,4-benzothiazine hydrogen fumarate] was recognized as having the lowest cardioselectivity. Following optical resolution, the absolute configuration of the compound's optically active enantiomer was determined by means of X-ray crystallography of a synthetic precursor (+)-4a. The Ca2+ antagonistic activity of 15 was found to reside primarily in (+)-15 (which was about 7 times more potent than (-)-15). The in vitro study showed that (+)-15 had a low cardioselectivity compared to verapamil and diltiazem. This result suggests that (+)-15 would exhibit less adverse effects due to cardiac inhibition than diltiazem and verapamil in therapeutic use.
|
Inhibitory concentration required to suppress the rate of contraction of guinea pig right atria
|
Cavia porcellus
|
600.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Synthesis and Ca2+ antagonistic activity of 2-[2-[(aminoalkyl)oxy]-5-methoxyphenyl]-3,4-dihydro-4-methyl-3-oxo-2H- 1,4-benzothiazines.
Year : 1990
Volume : 33
Issue : 7
First Page : 1898
Last Page : 1905
Authors : Fujita M, Ito S, Ota A, Kato N, Yamamoto K, Kawashima Y, Yamauchi H, Iwao J.
Abstract : As an extension of the previous investigation (J. Med. Chem. 1988, 31, 919), we synthesized a series of 2-[2-[(aminoalkyl)oxy]-5-methoxyphenyl]-3,4-dihydro-4-methyl-3-oxo-2H- 1,4-benzothiazines (3) and evaluated their Ca2+ antagonistic activities. Ca2+ antagonistic activity was measured with isolated depolarized guinea pig taenia cecum. On the basis of their potent Ca2+ antagonistic activity, six benzothiazines were selected and further evaluated for their vasocardioselectivity. Among these six compounds, the key compound 15 [3,4-dihydro-2-[5-methoxy-2-[3-[N-methyl-N-[2-[3,4- (methylenedioxy)phenoxy]ethyl]amino]propoxy]phenyl]-4-methyl-3-oxo- 2H-1,4-benzothiazine hydrogen fumarate] was recognized as having the lowest cardioselectivity. Following optical resolution, the absolute configuration of the compound's optically active enantiomer was determined by means of X-ray crystallography of a synthetic precursor (+)-4a. The Ca2+ antagonistic activity of 15 was found to reside primarily in (+)-15 (which was about 7 times more potent than (-)-15). The in vitro study showed that (+)-15 had a low cardioselectivity compared to verapamil and diltiazem. This result suggests that (+)-15 would exhibit less adverse effects due to cardiac inhibition than diltiazem and verapamil in therapeutic use.
|
Tested for the calcium antagonistic activity on K+-depolarized guinea pig aortic strips at 10e-4 M.
|
Cavia porcellus
|
88.0
%
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzothiazines: synthesis, structure-activity relationships, molecular modeling studies, and cardiovascular activity.
Year : 1995
Volume : 38
Issue : 22
First Page : 4393
Last Page : 4410
Authors : Campiani G, Garofalo A, Fiorini I, Botta M, Nacci V, Tafi A, Chiarini A, Budriesi R, Bruni G, Romeo MR.
Abstract : The synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a series of pyrrolo[1,4]benzothiazine derivatives are described. These compounds, related to diltiazem, have been shown to be representative of a novel series of calcium channel antagonists. The IC50S for inhibition of [3H]nitrendipine binding calculated by radioreceptor assay on rat cortex and rat heart homogenates showed that some of the described compounds possess an affinity equal to or higher than those of the reference calcium antagonists verapamil and cis-(+)-diltiazem. Furthermore, the alteration of the benzothiazepinone system of diltiazem to the pyrrolo[1,4]benzothiazine system of the title compounds resulted in a clear-cut selectivity for cardiac over vascular tissue, as shown in functional studies. In fact comparison of calcium antagonist activity on guinea pig aorta strips with the negative inotropic activity, determined by using an isolated guinea pig left atrium, revealed that the compounds examined displayed higher selectivity than the reference standard, within a wide variation of data. A number of structure-activity relationship trends have been identified, and possible explanation is advanced in order to account for the observed differences in selectivity. Prerequisite for in vitro calcium channel-blocking activity is the presence of two pharmacophores, namely, the substitution at C-4 and the substitution on the pyrrole ring. Two of the tested compounds, 8b and 28a, were identified as potent calcium antagonists selective for cardiac over vascular tissue.
|
[Ca2+] antagonistic activity on K+ depolarized guinea pig aortic strips at 10e-4 M
|
Cavia porcellus
|
88.0
%
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Cardiovascular characterization of pyrrolo[2,1-d][1,5]benzothiazepine derivatives binding selectively to the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR): from dual PBR affinity and calcium antagonist activity to novel and selective calcium entry blockers.
Year : 1996
Volume : 39
Issue : 15
First Page : 2922
Last Page : 2938
Authors : Campiani G, Fiorini I, De Filippis MP, Ciani SM, Garofalo A, Nacci V, Giorgi G, Sega A, Botta M, Chiarini A, Budriesi R, Bruni G, Romeo MR, Manzoni C, Mennini T.
Abstract : The synthesis and cardiovascular characterization of a series of novel pyrrolo[2,1-d][1,5]-benzothiazepine derivatives (54-68) are described. Selective peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) ligands, such as PK 11195 and Ro 5-4864, have recently been found to possess low but significant inhibitory activity of L-type calcium channels, and this property is implicated in the cardiovascular effects observed with these compounds. In functional studies both PK 11195 (1-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(1-methylpropyl)-3-isoquinolinecarboxa mide) and Ro 5-4864 (4'-chlorodiazepam) did not display selectivity between cardiac and vascular tissue. Therefore, several 7-(acyloxy)-6-arylpyrrolo[2,1-d][1,5]benzothiazepines, potent and selective peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor ligands recently developed by us (3, 7-20), were subjected to calcium channel receptor binding assay. Some of these compounds showed an unexpected potency in displacing the binding of [3H]nitrendipine from L-type calcium channels, much higher than that reported for PK 11195 and Ro 5-4864 and equal to or higher than that of reference calcium antagonists such as verapamil and (+)-cis-diltiazem. Specifically, in rat cortex homogenate, our prototypic PBR ligand 7-acetoxy-6-(p-methoxyphenyl)pyrrolo[2,1-d][1,5]benzothiazepine (3) showed an IC50 equal to 0.13 nM for inhibition of [3H]nitrendipine binding. Furthermore, in functional studies this compound displayed a clear-cut selectivity for cardiac over vascular tissue. Comparison of calcium antagonist activity on guinea pig aorta strips with the negative inotropic activity, determined by using isolated guinea pig left atria, revealed that 3 displayed higher selectivity than the reference (+)-cis-diltiazem. Thus, the pyrrolobenzothiazepine 3 might represent a new tool for characterizing the relationship between the PBR and cardiac function. Furthermore, we have also investigated the structural dependence of binding to PBR and L-type calcium channels, and this study allowed us to identify a new class of potent calcium channel blockers selective for cardiac over vascular tissue, with no affinity for PBR. A number of structure-activity relationship trends have been identified, and a possible explanation is advanced in order to account for the observed differences in selectivity. Three structural features, namely, (i) the saturation of the C(6)-C(7) double bond, with a consequent higher molecular flexibility, (ii) the presence of a substituent in the benzofused ring, and (iii) a basic side chain at C-10 of the pyrrolobenzothiazepine ring system, were found to be responsible for potent L-type calcium channel antagonism and clear-cut selectivity for cardiac over vascular tissue. Among the synthesized compounds the pyrrolobenzothiazepine 62 was found to be the most promising selective calcium channel blocker. Additionally, the molecular structure determination of the key intermediate 48 by X-ray diffraction, molecular modeling, and NMR analysis is reported.
|
In Vitro evaluation on percentage inhibition in Heme Oxygenase at concentration 100(uM) of Cell-free parasite Plasmodium yoelii
|
Plasmodium yoelii
|
29.0
%
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : A new class of potential chloroquine-resistance reversal agents for Plasmodia: syntheses and biological evaluation of 1-(3'-diethylaminopropyl)-3-(substituted phenylmethylene)pyrrolidines.
Year : 2000
Volume : 43
Issue : 18
First Page : 3428
Last Page : 3433
Authors : Batra S, Srivastava P, Roy K, Pandey VC, Bhaduri AP.
Abstract : 1-(3'-Diethylaminopropyl)-3-(substituted phenylmethylene)pyrrolidines were synthesized and evaluated for CQ-resistant reversal activity. In general the compounds of the series elicit better biological response than their phenylmethyl analogues. The most active compound 4b has been evaluated in vivo in detail, and the results are presented. The possible mode of action of the compounds of this series is by inhibition of the enzyme heme oxygenase, thereby increasing the levels of heme and hemozoin, which are lethal to the parasite.
|
In Vitro inhibition of Heme Oxygenase in Cell-free parasite Plasmodium yoelii at concentration 50 uM
|
Plasmodium yoelii
|
12.5
%
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : A new class of potential chloroquine-resistance reversal agents for Plasmodia: syntheses and biological evaluation of 1-(3'-diethylaminopropyl)-3-(substituted phenylmethylene)pyrrolidines.
Year : 2000
Volume : 43
Issue : 18
First Page : 3428
Last Page : 3433
Authors : Batra S, Srivastava P, Roy K, Pandey VC, Bhaduri AP.
Abstract : 1-(3'-Diethylaminopropyl)-3-(substituted phenylmethylene)pyrrolidines were synthesized and evaluated for CQ-resistant reversal activity. In general the compounds of the series elicit better biological response than their phenylmethyl analogues. The most active compound 4b has been evaluated in vivo in detail, and the results are presented. The possible mode of action of the compounds of this series is by inhibition of the enzyme heme oxygenase, thereby increasing the levels of heme and hemozoin, which are lethal to the parasite.
|
In Vitro evaluation on percentage inhibition in Heme Oxygenase at concentration 100 (uM) of infected host
|
None
|
84.0
%
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : A new class of potential chloroquine-resistance reversal agents for Plasmodia: syntheses and biological evaluation of 1-(3'-diethylaminopropyl)-3-(substituted phenylmethylene)pyrrolidines.
Year : 2000
Volume : 43
Issue : 18
First Page : 3428
Last Page : 3433
Authors : Batra S, Srivastava P, Roy K, Pandey VC, Bhaduri AP.
Abstract : 1-(3'-Diethylaminopropyl)-3-(substituted phenylmethylene)pyrrolidines were synthesized and evaluated for CQ-resistant reversal activity. In general the compounds of the series elicit better biological response than their phenylmethyl analogues. The most active compound 4b has been evaluated in vivo in detail, and the results are presented. The possible mode of action of the compounds of this series is by inhibition of the enzyme heme oxygenase, thereby increasing the levels of heme and hemozoin, which are lethal to the parasite.
|
In Vitro evaluation on percentage inhibition in Heme Oxygenase at concentration 50(uM) of infected host
|
None
|
41.0
%
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : A new class of potential chloroquine-resistance reversal agents for Plasmodia: syntheses and biological evaluation of 1-(3'-diethylaminopropyl)-3-(substituted phenylmethylene)pyrrolidines.
Year : 2000
Volume : 43
Issue : 18
First Page : 3428
Last Page : 3433
Authors : Batra S, Srivastava P, Roy K, Pandey VC, Bhaduri AP.
Abstract : 1-(3'-Diethylaminopropyl)-3-(substituted phenylmethylene)pyrrolidines were synthesized and evaluated for CQ-resistant reversal activity. In general the compounds of the series elicit better biological response than their phenylmethyl analogues. The most active compound 4b has been evaluated in vivo in detail, and the results are presented. The possible mode of action of the compounds of this series is by inhibition of the enzyme heme oxygenase, thereby increasing the levels of heme and hemozoin, which are lethal to the parasite.
|
Calcium channel-blocking effect was assessed in potassium ion depolarized guinea pig ileum strips by recording the contractile responses produced by varying concentrations of calcium chloride
|
Cavia porcellus
|
41.69
nM
|
|
Journal : Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
Title : Heterocyclic guanidines as calcium antagonists
Year : 1994
Volume : 4
Issue : 2
First Page : 351
Last Page : 354
Authors : Kane JM, Carr AA, Cheng HC, Dudley MW, Rampe D, Staeger MA
|
Inhibition of [3H]nitrendipine binding at L-type [Ca2+] channel in rat cortex homogenate by 50%.
|
None
|
46.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzothiazines: synthesis, structure-activity relationships, molecular modeling studies, and cardiovascular activity.
Year : 1995
Volume : 38
Issue : 22
First Page : 4393
Last Page : 4410
Authors : Campiani G, Garofalo A, Fiorini I, Botta M, Nacci V, Tafi A, Chiarini A, Budriesi R, Bruni G, Romeo MR.
Abstract : The synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a series of pyrrolo[1,4]benzothiazine derivatives are described. These compounds, related to diltiazem, have been shown to be representative of a novel series of calcium channel antagonists. The IC50S for inhibition of [3H]nitrendipine binding calculated by radioreceptor assay on rat cortex and rat heart homogenates showed that some of the described compounds possess an affinity equal to or higher than those of the reference calcium antagonists verapamil and cis-(+)-diltiazem. Furthermore, the alteration of the benzothiazepinone system of diltiazem to the pyrrolo[1,4]benzothiazine system of the title compounds resulted in a clear-cut selectivity for cardiac over vascular tissue, as shown in functional studies. In fact comparison of calcium antagonist activity on guinea pig aorta strips with the negative inotropic activity, determined by using an isolated guinea pig left atrium, revealed that the compounds examined displayed higher selectivity than the reference standard, within a wide variation of data. A number of structure-activity relationship trends have been identified, and possible explanation is advanced in order to account for the observed differences in selectivity. Prerequisite for in vitro calcium channel-blocking activity is the presence of two pharmacophores, namely, the substitution at C-4 and the substitution on the pyrrole ring. Two of the tested compounds, 8b and 28a, were identified as potent calcium antagonists selective for cardiac over vascular tissue.
|
Calcium antagonistic activity by measuring [3H]nitrendipine displacement at L-type [Ca2+] channel in rat cortex homogenate
|
None
|
21.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzothiazines: synthesis, structure-activity relationships, molecular modeling studies, and cardiovascular activity.
Year : 1995
Volume : 38
Issue : 22
First Page : 4393
Last Page : 4410
Authors : Campiani G, Garofalo A, Fiorini I, Botta M, Nacci V, Tafi A, Chiarini A, Budriesi R, Bruni G, Romeo MR.
Abstract : The synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a series of pyrrolo[1,4]benzothiazine derivatives are described. These compounds, related to diltiazem, have been shown to be representative of a novel series of calcium channel antagonists. The IC50S for inhibition of [3H]nitrendipine binding calculated by radioreceptor assay on rat cortex and rat heart homogenates showed that some of the described compounds possess an affinity equal to or higher than those of the reference calcium antagonists verapamil and cis-(+)-diltiazem. Furthermore, the alteration of the benzothiazepinone system of diltiazem to the pyrrolo[1,4]benzothiazine system of the title compounds resulted in a clear-cut selectivity for cardiac over vascular tissue, as shown in functional studies. In fact comparison of calcium antagonist activity on guinea pig aorta strips with the negative inotropic activity, determined by using an isolated guinea pig left atrium, revealed that the compounds examined displayed higher selectivity than the reference standard, within a wide variation of data. A number of structure-activity relationship trends have been identified, and possible explanation is advanced in order to account for the observed differences in selectivity. Prerequisite for in vitro calcium channel-blocking activity is the presence of two pharmacophores, namely, the substitution at C-4 and the substitution on the pyrrole ring. Two of the tested compounds, 8b and 28a, were identified as potent calcium antagonists selective for cardiac over vascular tissue.
|
Calcium antagonistic activity by measuring [3H]nitrendipine displacement from rat heart L-type [Ca2+] channel
|
Rattus norvegicus
|
280.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzothiazines: synthesis, structure-activity relationships, molecular modeling studies, and cardiovascular activity.
Year : 1995
Volume : 38
Issue : 22
First Page : 4393
Last Page : 4410
Authors : Campiani G, Garofalo A, Fiorini I, Botta M, Nacci V, Tafi A, Chiarini A, Budriesi R, Bruni G, Romeo MR.
Abstract : The synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a series of pyrrolo[1,4]benzothiazine derivatives are described. These compounds, related to diltiazem, have been shown to be representative of a novel series of calcium channel antagonists. The IC50S for inhibition of [3H]nitrendipine binding calculated by radioreceptor assay on rat cortex and rat heart homogenates showed that some of the described compounds possess an affinity equal to or higher than those of the reference calcium antagonists verapamil and cis-(+)-diltiazem. Furthermore, the alteration of the benzothiazepinone system of diltiazem to the pyrrolo[1,4]benzothiazine system of the title compounds resulted in a clear-cut selectivity for cardiac over vascular tissue, as shown in functional studies. In fact comparison of calcium antagonist activity on guinea pig aorta strips with the negative inotropic activity, determined by using an isolated guinea pig left atrium, revealed that the compounds examined displayed higher selectivity than the reference standard, within a wide variation of data. A number of structure-activity relationship trends have been identified, and possible explanation is advanced in order to account for the observed differences in selectivity. Prerequisite for in vitro calcium channel-blocking activity is the presence of two pharmacophores, namely, the substitution at C-4 and the substitution on the pyrrole ring. Two of the tested compounds, 8b and 28a, were identified as potent calcium antagonists selective for cardiac over vascular tissue.
|
Inhibition of [3H]nitrendipine binding to L-type [Ca2+] channel in rat cortex homogenate, activity expressed as pIC50
|
None
|
45.71
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Diltiazem-like calcium entry blockers: a hypothesis of the receptor-binding site based on a comparative molecular field analysis model.
Year : 1997
Volume : 40
Issue : 1
First Page : 125
Last Page : 131
Authors : Corelli F, Manetti F, Tafi A, Campiani G, Nacci V, Botta M.
Abstract : A series of 26 pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzothiazines, which have been already synthesized and reported to show calcium antagonist activity in both radioligand-binding assays and functional studies, were investigated using the comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) paradigm. Due to the lack of experimental structural data on these derivatives, the minimum energy conformers obtained by molecular mechanics calculations were used in the subsequent study. Structures were aligned following an alignment criterion based on the pharmacophoric groups of the studied compounds. The predictive ability of the CoMFA model was evaluated using a test set consisting of three representative compounds. The best 3D-quantitative structure-activity relationship model found yields significant cross-validated, conventional, and predictive r2 values equal to 0.703, 0.970, and 0.865, respectively, the average absolute error of predictions being 0.26 log unit. The predictive capability of this model was also tested on a further test set of molecules consisting of diltiazem and nine pyrrolo[2,1-d][1,5]benzothiazepines endowed with calcium antagonist activity. The accurate results obtained also in this case revealed the robustness of the model. On the basis of the same alignment, the structural moieties of the studied calcium entry blockers which are thought to contribute to the biological activity were identified, and a possible receptor-binding site for all these compounds is presented taking into account the information derived from the analysis of the steric and electrostatic CoMFA contour maps.
|
In vitro vasorelaxant activity in circumferential strips of potassium-depolarized rabbit aorta.
|
Oryctolagus cuniculus
|
210.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Benzazepinone calcium channel blockers. 5. Effects on antihypertensive activity associated with N1 and aromatic substituents.
Year : 1992
Volume : 35
Issue : 14
First Page : 2610
Last Page : 2617
Authors : Das J, Floyd DM, Kimball SD, Duff KJ, Lago MW, Krapcho J, White RE, Ridgewell RE, Obermeier MT, Moreland S.
Abstract : We have shown that the pyrrolidinylmethyl substituent on the lactam nitrogen (N1) of benzazepinone and benzothiazepinone calcium channel blocking agents is resistant to metabolic deamination and generally increases the duration and potency of antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) relative to (N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl analogs. Additionally, compounds possessing a substituent on the fused aromatic ring are more resistant to metabolic deacylation of the C3 hydroxy function, which may explain why aromatic substituents also frequently increase the potency and/or duration of antihypertensive activity. Our data also indicate the increased antihypertensive activity associated with these structural modifications is independent of any effects of potency in vitro. Overall, we interpret these results to indicate that these structural modifications improve antihypertensive activity as a result of increased metabolic stability and, consequently, oral bioavailability.
|
Calcium channel-blocking activity by determined by ability to antagonize calcium-induced contractions of isolated rabbit aortic strips
|
Oryctolagus cuniculus
|
19.95
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Synthesis, calcium-channel-blocking activity, and antihypertensive activity of 4-(diarylmethyl)-1-[3-(aryloxy)propyl]piperidines and structurally related compounds.
Year : 1991
Volume : 34
Issue : 10
First Page : 3011
Last Page : 3022
Authors : Shanklin JR, Johnson CP, Proakis AG, Barrett RJ.
Abstract : A series of 4-(diarylmethyl)-1-[3-(aryloxy)propyl]piperidines and structurally related compounds were synthesized as calcium-channel blockers and antihypertensive agents. Compounds were evaluated for calcium-channel-blocking activity by determining their ability to antagonize calcium-induced contractions of isolated rabbit aortic strips. The most potent compounds were those with fluoro substituents in the 3- and/or 4-positions of both rings of the diphenylmethyl group. Bis(4-fluorophenyl)acetonitrile analogue 79 was similar in potency to bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl compound 1. The methylene analogue of 1 (78) and derivatives of 1 that contained a hydroxyl (76), carbamoyl (80), amino (81), or acetamido (82) substituent on the methyl group were less potent. In most cases, substituents on the phenoxy ring, changes in the distance between the aryloxy group and the piperidine nitrogen, and the substitution of S, N(CH3), or CH2 for the oxygen atom of the aryloxy group had only a small to moderate effect on the potency. The best compounds in this series were more potent than verapamil, diltiazem, flunarizine, and lidoflazine, but were less potent than nifedipine. Compounds were evaluated for antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) at an oral dose of 30 mg/kg. Of the 55 compounds tested, only nine produced a statistically significant (p less than 0.05) reduction in blood pressure greater than 20%; all of these compounds had fluoro substituents in both rings of the diphenylmethyl group. One of the most active compounds in the SHR at 30 mg/kg was 1-[4-[3-[4-[bis(3,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]-1- piperidinyl]propoxy]-3-methoxyphenyl]ethanone (63), which produced a 35% reduction in blood pressure and was similar in activity to nifedipine. At lower doses, however, 4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1-[3-(4-chlorophenoxy)propyl]piperidine (93) was one of the most effective antihypertensive agents, producing reductions in blood pressure of 17 and 11% at oral doses of 10 and 3 mg/kg, respectively; 63 was inactive at 10 mg/kg.
|
Vasorelaxant effects in circumferential strips of potassium-depolarized rabbit aorta. (IC50 in rabbit aorta strips contracted with KCl(95% confidence interval))
|
Oryctolagus cuniculus
|
210.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Benzazepinone calcium channel blockers. 2. Structure-activity and drug metabolism studies leading to potent antihypertensive agents. Comparison with benzothiazepinones.
Year : 1992
Volume : 35
Issue : 4
First Page : 756
Last Page : 772
Authors : Floyd DM, Kimball SD, Krapcho J, Das J, Turk CF, Moquin RV, Lago MW, Duff KJ, Lee VG, White RE.
Abstract : As part of a program to discover potent antihypertensive analogues of diltiazem (3a), we prepared 1-benzazepin-2-ones (4). Benzazepinones competitively displace radiolabeled diltiazem, and show the same absolute stereochemical preferences at the calcium channel receptor protein. Derivatives of 4 containing a trifluoromethyl substituent in the fused aromatic ring show potent and long-acting antihypertensive activity. Studies of the metabolism of 4 lead to the metabolically stable antihypertensive calcium channel blockers 5a and 5c. Benzazepinone 5a is a longer acting and more potent antihypertensive agent than the second generation diltiazem analogue TA-3090 (3e).
|
In vitro evaluation for the vasorelaxant effects in circumferential strips of potassium-depolarized rabbit aorta. (IC50 in rabbit aorta strips contracted with KCl)
|
Oryctolagus cuniculus
|
210.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Benzazepinone calcium channel blockers. 3. Synthesis and structure-activity studies of 3-alkylbenzazepinones.
Year : 1992
Volume : 35
Issue : 4
First Page : 773
Last Page : 780
Authors : Das J, Floyd DM, Kimball SD, Duff KJ, Vu TC, Lago MW, Moquin RV, Lee VG, Gougoutas JZ, Malley MF.
Abstract : As part of a program aimed at identifying novel analogues of diltiazem, we developed several synthetic routes for 3-alkylbenzazepinones, both in racemic and nonracemic form. Structure-activity relationship studies in this series have led to identification of several analogues as potent calcium channel blocking agents, both in vitro and in vivo. Analogues containing a 6-trifluoromethyl substituent (17a and 17b) are the most potent vasorelaxants in vitro. The oral antihypertensive activity of these compounds is comparable to its 3-acetoxy derivative 1 (X = 6-CF3) and 8-chlorodiltiazem (2b). The 3-allyl analogue 17c is a more potent antihypertensive agent than 17a, 17b, or 8-chlorodiltiazem (2b), and has a longer duration of action in vivo.
|
Molar concentration required to block [Ca2+] induced contraction of K+ depolarized rat aorta by 50%
|
Rattus norvegicus
|
303.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : A novel class of calcium-entry blockers: the 1[[4-(aminoalkoxy)phenyl]sulfonyl]indolizines.
Year : 1992
Volume : 35
Issue : 6
First Page : 981
Last Page : 988
Authors : Gubin J, Lucchetti J, Mahaux J, Nisato D, Rosseels G, Clinet M, Polster P, Chatelain P.
Abstract : The synthesis and initial biological evaluation of a series of 1-sulfonylindolizines is described. These compounds have been shown to be representatives of a novel class of potent, slow-channel calcium antagonists. All compounds were found to be at least as active as the reference calcium antagonists verapamil and cis-(+)-diltiazem. Structure-activity relationship studies have shown that all compounds possessing an aralkyl group in the amine moiety and an isopropyl or cyclopropyl group at the 2 position of the indolizine are among the most potent calcium antagonists known outside the 1,4-dihydropyridine series. The IC50 values for the inhibition of [3H]nitrendipine binding vary between 0.19 and 4.5 nM whereas the IC50 value for nifedipine is 2.5 nM. One of the compounds in this group (9ab) has now been selected for clinical development.
|
Tested in vitro on K+ -depolarized rat aorta strips to evaluate its ability to relax the initial contraction induced by K
|
Rattus norvegicus
|
48.0
nM
|
|
Journal : Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
Title : Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of 4,6-disubstituted 3-cyanopyridin-2(1H)-ones, a new class of calcium entry blockers.
Year : 2000
Volume : 10
Issue : 16
First Page : 1883
Last Page : 1885
Authors : Manna F, Chimenti F, Bolasco A, Bizzarri B, Botta M, Tafi A, Filippelli A, Rossi S.
Abstract : The preparation of 3-cyano-4,6-diaryl-pyridin-2(1H)-ones 4a-h, calcium entry blockers related to diltiazem, is described starting from 1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-ones 5. On preliminary pharmacological tests all compounds are active and some of them show calcium antagonistic activity superior or comparable to diltiazem.
|
In vitro inhibition of K+ induced contractions of the isolated rat aorta.
|
Rattus norvegicus
|
100.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Novel calcium antagonists with both calcium overload inhibition and antioxidant activity. 1. 2-(3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(aminopropyl)thiazolidinones.
Year : 1998
Volume : 41
Issue : 22
First Page : 4309
Last Page : 4316
Authors : Kato T, Ozaki T, Tamura K, Suzuki Y, Akima M, Ohi N.
Abstract : A series of 2-(3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(aminopropyl)thiazolidinones was synthesized in order to explore novel calcium antagonists with potent antiischemic activity. These compounds were designed to have, in addition to Ca2+ antagonistic activity, both Ca2+ overload prevention and antioxidant activity in one molecule. These three kinds of activity were evaluated by using a K+-depolarized rat aorta, a veratridine-induced Ca2+ overload model of rat cardiomyocytes, and a soybean lipoxygenase-induced lipid peroxidation model of rabbit low-density lipoprotein, respectively. In particular, 2-(3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[3-[N-methyl-N-[2-[3, 4-(methylenedioxy)phenoxy]ethyl]amino]propyl]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-on e (7o) was found to be highly potent and possessed a well-balanced combination of these actions in vitro.
|
Compound was tested in vitro for [Ca2+] antagonistic activity in K+-depolarized isolated rat aorta
|
Rattus norvegicus
|
100.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Novel calcium antagonists with both calcium overload inhibition and antioxidant activity. 2. Structure-activity relationships of thiazolidinone derivatives.
Year : 1999
Volume : 42
Issue : 16
First Page : 3134
Last Page : 3146
Authors : Kato T, Ozaki T, Tamura K, Suzuki Y, Akima M, Ohi N.
Abstract : CP-060 (1), 2-(3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[3-[N-methyl-N-[2-[3, 4-(methylenedioxy)phenoxy]ethyl]amino]propyl]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-on e, is a novel type of Ca(2+) antagonist possessing both Ca(2+) overload inhibition and antioxidant activity. The structure-activity relationships for this series of compounds were studied by synthesizing the analogues and evaluating these three kinds of activity. Ca(2+) antagonistic activity was largely determined by the lipophilicity of the phenyl group at the 2-position and the length of the alkyl chains. As for the antioxidant activity, it was demonstrated that the phenolic hydroxyl group is an essential structural element. Compounds with potent activity were evaluated for their effect on the coronary blood flow in vivo. Among these compounds, compound 1 was shown to be the most potent. Furthermore, the enantiomers of 1 were resolved by high-performance liquid chromatography with a chiral column. Compound (-)-1 showed about 10 times higher Ca(2+) antagonistic activity than (+)-1, though both enantiomers had similar potency in Ca(2+) overload inhibition and antioxidant activity. An X-ray crystal structure determination of (-)-1 hydrogen fumarate identified (-)-1 as having S configuration at the 2-position.
|
Inhibitory effect of compound on calcium influx by high potassium in isolated rat aorta
|
Rattus norvegicus
|
352.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : A new class of calcium antagonists. 2. Synthesis and biological activity of 11-[[4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyryl]amino]-6,11- dihydrodibenzo[b,e]-thiepin maleate and related compounds.
Year : 1991
Volume : 34
Issue : 3
First Page : 927
Last Page : 934
Authors : Kurokawa M, Sato F, Fujiwara I, Hatano N, Honda Y, Yoshida T, Naruto S, Mastumoto J, Uno H.
Abstract : A series of [(epsilon-aminoalkanoyl)amino]-6,11- dihydrodibenzo[b,e]thiepins and -5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptenes and related compounds were synthesized and evaluated for calcium antagonistic activity by calcium-induced constriction of potassium-depolarized rat aorta. Semiempirical molecular orbital calculations of the dibenzotricyclic systems indicated that calcium antagonistic activity increased with a decrease of the angle between the planes of the two phenyl rings. AM1 net charge calculations showed that a neutral or positive charge distribution in the bridge portion was necessary for activity. 11-[[4-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1- piperazinyl]butyryl]amino]-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]thiepin maleate (16, AJ-2615) showed a more gradual and longer lasting antihypertensive effect than diltiazem and nifedipine in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) administered orally. Compound 16 also possessed antianginal effects in methacholine-induced ST elevation and vasopressin-induced ST depression tests in rats. The alteration of the dibenzotricyclic system of 16 to 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene (19, 5-[[4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-butyryl]amino]-5H- dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene) resulted in selectivity for cardiac tissue over vascular tissue, thereby conferring antianginal activity without an effect on blood pressure. Antianginal potencies of 16 and 19 were equal to or somewhat more potent than those of diltiazem.
|
Inhibition of [Ca2+] induced contraction of K+ depolarized rat aorta by 50%
|
Rattus norvegicus
|
303.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Novel heterocyclic analogues of the new potent class of calcium entry blockers: 1-[[4-(aminoalkoxy)phenyl]sulfonyl]indolizines.
Year : 1993
Volume : 36
Issue : 10
First Page : 1425
Last Page : 1433
Authors : Gubin J, de Vogelaer H, Inion H, Houben C, Lucchetti J, Mahaux J, Rosseels G, Peiren M, Clinet M, Polster P.
Abstract : Several heterocyclic analogues of the potent 1-[[4-(aminoalkoxy)phenyl]sulfonyl]indolizines were synthesized and evaluated for their antagonistic calcium activities in comparison with the 1-sulfonylindolizine SR 33557 and the usual calcium antagonist references verapamil, cis-(+)-diltiazem, and nifedipine. The bicyclic nine-membered rings were, in general, more potent than the bicyclic 10-membered or five-membered rings. Among the bicyclic nine-membered rings, the indole nucleus appeared to be extremely favorable to support the calcium antagonistic activity. In particular, compound 36, with an IC50 value for the inhibition of [3H]nitrendipine equal to 0.072 nM, is among the most potent calcium antagonist known. This compound has been selected for clinical development.
|
inhibitory effect of compound on contraction induced by high potassium in isolated rat aorta
|
Rattus norvegicus
|
203.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : A new class of calcium antagonists. 2. Synthesis and biological activity of 11-[[4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyryl]amino]-6,11- dihydrodibenzo[b,e]-thiepin maleate and related compounds.
Year : 1991
Volume : 34
Issue : 3
First Page : 927
Last Page : 934
Authors : Kurokawa M, Sato F, Fujiwara I, Hatano N, Honda Y, Yoshida T, Naruto S, Mastumoto J, Uno H.
Abstract : A series of [(epsilon-aminoalkanoyl)amino]-6,11- dihydrodibenzo[b,e]thiepins and -5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptenes and related compounds were synthesized and evaluated for calcium antagonistic activity by calcium-induced constriction of potassium-depolarized rat aorta. Semiempirical molecular orbital calculations of the dibenzotricyclic systems indicated that calcium antagonistic activity increased with a decrease of the angle between the planes of the two phenyl rings. AM1 net charge calculations showed that a neutral or positive charge distribution in the bridge portion was necessary for activity. 11-[[4-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1- piperazinyl]butyryl]amino]-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]thiepin maleate (16, AJ-2615) showed a more gradual and longer lasting antihypertensive effect than diltiazem and nifedipine in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) administered orally. Compound 16 also possessed antianginal effects in methacholine-induced ST elevation and vasopressin-induced ST depression tests in rats. The alteration of the dibenzotricyclic system of 16 to 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene (19, 5-[[4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-butyryl]amino]-5H- dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene) resulted in selectivity for cardiac tissue over vascular tissue, thereby conferring antianginal activity without an effect on blood pressure. Antianginal potencies of 16 and 19 were equal to or somewhat more potent than those of diltiazem.
|
Inhibition of calcium activation was assessed against calcium-induced constriction of potassium-depolarized rat aorta (Negative logarithm of the molar concentration)
|
Rattus norvegicus
|
38.02
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : A new class of calcium antagonists. 2. Synthesis and biological activity of 11-[[4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyryl]amino]-6,11- dihydrodibenzo[b,e]-thiepin maleate and related compounds.
Year : 1991
Volume : 34
Issue : 3
First Page : 927
Last Page : 934
Authors : Kurokawa M, Sato F, Fujiwara I, Hatano N, Honda Y, Yoshida T, Naruto S, Mastumoto J, Uno H.
Abstract : A series of [(epsilon-aminoalkanoyl)amino]-6,11- dihydrodibenzo[b,e]thiepins and -5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptenes and related compounds were synthesized and evaluated for calcium antagonistic activity by calcium-induced constriction of potassium-depolarized rat aorta. Semiempirical molecular orbital calculations of the dibenzotricyclic systems indicated that calcium antagonistic activity increased with a decrease of the angle between the planes of the two phenyl rings. AM1 net charge calculations showed that a neutral or positive charge distribution in the bridge portion was necessary for activity. 11-[[4-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1- piperazinyl]butyryl]amino]-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]thiepin maleate (16, AJ-2615) showed a more gradual and longer lasting antihypertensive effect than diltiazem and nifedipine in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) administered orally. Compound 16 also possessed antianginal effects in methacholine-induced ST elevation and vasopressin-induced ST depression tests in rats. The alteration of the dibenzotricyclic system of 16 to 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene (19, 5-[[4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-butyryl]amino]-5H- dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene) resulted in selectivity for cardiac tissue over vascular tissue, thereby conferring antianginal activity without an effect on blood pressure. Antianginal potencies of 16 and 19 were equal to or somewhat more potent than those of diltiazem.
|
Inhibition of binding of Batrachotoxinin [3H]BTX-B to high affinity sites on voltage dependent sodium channels in a vesicular preparation from guinea pig cerebral cortex at 10 uM
|
Cavia porcellus
|
36.2
%
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : [3H]Batrachotoxinin A 20 alpha-benzoate binding to voltage-sensitive sodium channels: a rapid and quantitative assay for local anesthetic activity in a variety of drugs.
Year : 1985
Volume : 28
Issue : 3
First Page : 381
Last Page : 388
Authors : McNeal ET, Lewandowski GA, Daly JW, Creveling CR.
Abstract : [3H]Batrachotoxinin A benzoate ( [3H]BTX-B) binds with high affinity to sites on voltage-dependent sodium channels in a vesicular preparation from guinea pig cerebral cortex. In this preparation, local anesthetics competitively antagonize the binding of [3H]BTX-B. The potencies of some 40 classical local anesthetics and a variety of catecholamine, histamine, serotonin, adenosine, GABA, glycine, acetylcholine, and calcium antagonists, tranquilizers, antidepressants, barbiturates, anticonvulsants, steroids, vasodilators, antiinflammatories, anticoagulants, analgesics, and other agents have been determined. An excellent correlation with the known local anesthetic activity of many of these agents indicate that antagonism of binding of [3H]BTX-B binding provides a rapid, quantitative, and facile method for the screening and investigation of local anesthetic activity.
|
Displacement of [3H]nitrendipine from calcium channel receptors (CCRs)
|
Rattus norvegicus
|
42.0
nM
|
|
Journal : Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
Title : Synthesis and in vitro cardiovascular activity of 4-aryl-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1h-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzothiazin-1-ones and 7-acetoxy-6-phenyl-7a,8,9,10-tetrahydropyrrolo [2,1,-d][1,5]benzothiazepin-10-one.
Year : 1994
Volume : 4
Issue : 10
First Page : 1235
Last Page : 1240
Authors : Campiani G, Garofalo A, Fiorini I, Nacci V, Botta M, Tafi A, Chiarini A, Budriesi R, Bruni G, Romeo M
|
Inhibitory constant against calcium channel receptors (CCRs)
|
Rattus norvegicus
|
16.0
nM
|
|
Journal : Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
Title : Synthesis and in vitro cardiovascular activity of 4-aryl-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1h-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzothiazin-1-ones and 7-acetoxy-6-phenyl-7a,8,9,10-tetrahydropyrrolo [2,1,-d][1,5]benzothiazepin-10-one.
Year : 1994
Volume : 4
Issue : 10
First Page : 1235
Last Page : 1240
Authors : Campiani G, Garofalo A, Fiorini I, Nacci V, Botta M, Tafi A, Chiarini A, Budriesi R, Bruni G, Romeo M
|
Concentration (10 e-6 M) required to block [Ca2+]-induced contraction of K+-depolarized hamster aorta
|
Cricetulus griseus
|
980.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Synthesis, characterization, and Ca2+ antagonistic activity of diltiazem metabolites.
Year : 1992
Volume : 35
Issue : 17
First Page : 3246
Last Page : 3253
Authors : Li R, Farmer PS, Xie M, Quilliam MA, Pleasance S, Howlett SE, Yeung PK.
Abstract : Diltiazem is a calcium antagonist widely used in the treatment of angina and hypertension. The contributions of metabolites of diltiazem to the vasorelaxant effects of diltiazem were investigated. The synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of eight major cis-diltiazem metabolites are described. Three of the compounds--N, O-didemethylated metabolite (21), O-demethylated metabolite (22), and diltiazem N-oxide (27)--have been recently reported and have not previously been synthesized. The identities of all eight synthetic metabolites have been verified with samples obtained from human urine using combined LC-MS/MS. The Ca2+ antagonistic activities of diltiazem and its metabolites (except 27) were studied on hamster aorta preparations depolarized with KCl. The order of potencies (IC50 +/- SE, microM) is as follows: diltiazem (0.98 +/- 0.47) greater than 17 (2.46 +/- 0.38) greater than or equal to 23 (3.27 +/- 1.02) greater than 26 (20.2 +/- 10.5) greater than 22 (40.4 +/- 15.4) greater than or equal to 25 (45.5 +/- 18.1) greater than 21 (112.2 +/- 33.2) greater than or equal to 24 (126.7 +/- 24.2). Structure-activity relationships are also discussed.
|
Calcium antagonistic activity assessed against calcium-induced constriction of potassium-depolarized rat aorta.
|
Rattus norvegicus
|
38.02
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : A new class of calcium antagonists. Synthesis and biological activity of 11-[(omega-aminoalkanoyl)amino]-6,6a,7,8,9,10,10a,11-octahydrodibenzo [b,e]thiepin derivatives.
Year : 1991
Volume : 34
Issue : 2
First Page : 593
Last Page : 599
Authors : Kurokawa M, Sato F, Hatano N, Honda Y, Uno H.
Abstract : A series of 11-[(omega-aminoalkanoyl)amino]-6,6a,7,8,9,10,10a,11- octahydrodibenzo[b,e]thiepin derivatives were prepared and found to be a structurally new class of calcium antagonists. The structure-activity relationship studies indicated that the optimum was (6aR*,10aR*,11R*)-11-[[4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1- piperazinyl]butyryl] amino]-6,6a,7,8,9,10,10a,11-octahydrodibenzo[b,e]thiepin (31,pA2 8.16), which was superior to diltiazem (pA2 7.42) in calcium antagonistic activity. Compound 31 showed antihypertensive activity in anesthetized rats, without a significant effect on the heart rate. It had also antianginal effects in vasopressin-induced ST-depression and methacholine-induced ST-elevation testings in rats. These potencies of 31 were essentially equal to those of diltiazem.
|
Negative inotropic potency as decrease in the developed tension in isolated guinea pig left artium
|
Cavia porcellus
|
790.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : A new class of selective myocardial calcium channel modulators. 2. Role of the acetal chain in oxadiazol-3-one derivatives.
Year : 2005
Volume : 48
Issue : 7
First Page : 2445
Last Page : 2456
Authors : Budriesi R, Carosati E, Chiarini A, Cosimelli B, Cruciani G, Ioan P, Spinelli D, Spisani R.
Abstract : In the framework of the continuing interest of this research group in the use of 8-aryl-8-hydroxy-8H-[1,4]thiazino[3,4-c][1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-ones (1) as calcium entry blockers, a number of acetals were synthesized and assayed "in vitro". All of them are structurally related to diltiazem and pyrrolobenzothiazines. The effect on the biological profile was measured by functional assays for a wide variety of acetal residues: saturated linear and branched chains, short and long unsaturated E and/or Z chains as well as benzyl and methylcyclohexyl residues. From selective assays on the most active derivative (5b) (EC(50) = 0.04 microM), which is 20 times more active than diltiazem (EC(50) = 0.79 microM), a muscarinic or adenosinic mechanism of action was excluded. A 3D QSAR model was obtained and validated with homologous literature data, and a virtual receptor scheme was derived for the unknown binding site. The following pharmacophoric features favorably affect the potency: one positively charged center, three lipophilic groups, and two hydrogen-bonding acceptor groups.
|
Negative inotropic potency as coronary perfusion pressure in isolated guinea pig atrium
|
Cavia porcellus
|
21.88
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : A new class of selective myocardial calcium channel modulators. 2. Role of the acetal chain in oxadiazol-3-one derivatives.
Year : 2005
Volume : 48
Issue : 7
First Page : 2445
Last Page : 2456
Authors : Budriesi R, Carosati E, Chiarini A, Cosimelli B, Cruciani G, Ioan P, Spinelli D, Spisani R.
Abstract : In the framework of the continuing interest of this research group in the use of 8-aryl-8-hydroxy-8H-[1,4]thiazino[3,4-c][1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-ones (1) as calcium entry blockers, a number of acetals were synthesized and assayed "in vitro". All of them are structurally related to diltiazem and pyrrolobenzothiazines. The effect on the biological profile was measured by functional assays for a wide variety of acetal residues: saturated linear and branched chains, short and long unsaturated E and/or Z chains as well as benzyl and methylcyclohexyl residues. From selective assays on the most active derivative (5b) (EC(50) = 0.04 microM), which is 20 times more active than diltiazem (EC(50) = 0.79 microM), a muscarinic or adenosinic mechanism of action was excluded. A 3D QSAR model was obtained and validated with homologous literature data, and a virtual receptor scheme was derived for the unknown binding site. The following pharmacophoric features favorably affect the potency: one positively charged center, three lipophilic groups, and two hydrogen-bonding acceptor groups.
|
Negative inotropic potency as maximal rate of the rise in left ventricular pressure in isolated guinea pig atrium
|
Cavia porcellus
|
9.333
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : A new class of selective myocardial calcium channel modulators. 2. Role of the acetal chain in oxadiazol-3-one derivatives.
Year : 2005
Volume : 48
Issue : 7
First Page : 2445
Last Page : 2456
Authors : Budriesi R, Carosati E, Chiarini A, Cosimelli B, Cruciani G, Ioan P, Spinelli D, Spisani R.
Abstract : In the framework of the continuing interest of this research group in the use of 8-aryl-8-hydroxy-8H-[1,4]thiazino[3,4-c][1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-ones (1) as calcium entry blockers, a number of acetals were synthesized and assayed "in vitro". All of them are structurally related to diltiazem and pyrrolobenzothiazines. The effect on the biological profile was measured by functional assays for a wide variety of acetal residues: saturated linear and branched chains, short and long unsaturated E and/or Z chains as well as benzyl and methylcyclohexyl residues. From selective assays on the most active derivative (5b) (EC(50) = 0.04 microM), which is 20 times more active than diltiazem (EC(50) = 0.79 microM), a muscarinic or adenosinic mechanism of action was excluded. A 3D QSAR model was obtained and validated with homologous literature data, and a virtual receptor scheme was derived for the unknown binding site. The following pharmacophoric features favorably affect the potency: one positively charged center, three lipophilic groups, and two hydrogen-bonding acceptor groups.
|
Negative inotropic activity in guinea pig left atrium
|
Cavia porcellus
|
790.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Calcium channel antagonists discovered by a multidisciplinary approach.
Year : 2006
Volume : 49
Issue : 17
First Page : 5206
Last Page : 5216
Authors : Carosati E, Cruciani G, Chiarini A, Budriesi R, Ioan P, Spisani R, Spinelli D, Cosimelli B, Fusi F, Frosini M, Matucci R, Gasparrini F, Ciogli A, Stephens PJ, Devlin FJ.
Abstract : A multidisciplinary project has led to the discovery of novel, structurally diverse, L-type calcium entry blockers (CEBs). The absolute configuration of a recently reported CEB has been determined by vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy, to assign the stereospecificity of the ligand-channel interaction. Thereafter, a virtual screening procedure was performed with the aim of identifying novel chemotypes for CEBs, starting from a database of purchasable compounds; 340,000 molecules were screened in silico in order to prioritize structures of interest for bioscreening. As a result, 20 compounds were tested in vitro, and functional and binding assays revealed several hits with promising behavior as CEBs.
|
Antagonist activity against calcium channel assessed as inhibition of calcium-induced contraction of potassium ion-depolarized guinea pig ileum longitudinal smooth muscle
|
Cavia porcellus
|
110.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Calcium channel antagonists discovered by a multidisciplinary approach.
Year : 2006
Volume : 49
Issue : 17
First Page : 5206
Last Page : 5216
Authors : Carosati E, Cruciani G, Chiarini A, Budriesi R, Ioan P, Spisani R, Spinelli D, Cosimelli B, Fusi F, Frosini M, Matucci R, Gasparrini F, Ciogli A, Stephens PJ, Devlin FJ.
Abstract : A multidisciplinary project has led to the discovery of novel, structurally diverse, L-type calcium entry blockers (CEBs). The absolute configuration of a recently reported CEB has been determined by vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy, to assign the stereospecificity of the ligand-channel interaction. Thereafter, a virtual screening procedure was performed with the aim of identifying novel chemotypes for CEBs, starting from a database of purchasable compounds; 340,000 molecules were screened in silico in order to prioritize structures of interest for bioscreening. As a result, 20 compounds were tested in vitro, and functional and binding assays revealed several hits with promising behavior as CEBs.
|
Antagonist activity against calcium channel assessed as inhibition of carbachol-induced tonic contraction of guinea pig ileum longitudinal smooth muscle
|
Cavia porcellus
|
480.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Calcium channel antagonists discovered by a multidisciplinary approach.
Year : 2006
Volume : 49
Issue : 17
First Page : 5206
Last Page : 5216
Authors : Carosati E, Cruciani G, Chiarini A, Budriesi R, Ioan P, Spisani R, Spinelli D, Cosimelli B, Fusi F, Frosini M, Matucci R, Gasparrini F, Ciogli A, Stephens PJ, Devlin FJ.
Abstract : A multidisciplinary project has led to the discovery of novel, structurally diverse, L-type calcium entry blockers (CEBs). The absolute configuration of a recently reported CEB has been determined by vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy, to assign the stereospecificity of the ligand-channel interaction. Thereafter, a virtual screening procedure was performed with the aim of identifying novel chemotypes for CEBs, starting from a database of purchasable compounds; 340,000 molecules were screened in silico in order to prioritize structures of interest for bioscreening. As a result, 20 compounds were tested in vitro, and functional and binding assays revealed several hits with promising behavior as CEBs.
|
Negative inotropic activity in guinea pig left atrium assessed as decrease in atrial tension relative to control
|
Cavia porcellus
|
790.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Discovery of novel and cardioselective diltiazem-like calcium channel blockers via virtual screening.
Year : 2008
Volume : 51
Issue : 18
First Page : 5552
Last Page : 5565
Authors : Carosati E, Budriesi R, Ioan P, Ugenti MP, Frosini M, Fusi F, Corda G, Cosimelli B, Spinelli D, Chiarini A, Cruciani G.
Abstract : With the effort to discover new chemotypes blocking L-type calcium channels (LTCCs), ligand-based virtual screening was applied with a specific interest toward the diltiazem binding site. Roughly 50000 commercially available compounds served as a database for screening. The filtering through predicted pharmacokinetic properties and structural requirements reduced the initial database to a few compounds for which the similarity was calculated toward two template molecules, diltiazem and 4-chloro-Ncyclopropyl- N-(4-piperidinyl)benzene-sulfonamide, the most interesting hit of a previous screening experiment. For 18 compounds, inotropic and chronotropic activity as well as the vasorelaxant effect on guinea pig were studied "in vitro", and for the most promising, binding studies to the diltiazem site were carried out. The procedure yielded several hits, confirming in silico techniques to be useful for finding new chemotypes. In particular, N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-3-hydroxy-2-naphthamide, N,Ndimethyl- N'-(2-pyridin-3-ylquinolin-4-yl)ethane-1,2-diamine, 2-[(4-chlorophenyl)(pyridin-2-yl)methoxy]- N,N-dimethylethanamine (carbinoxamine), and 7-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-2H-chromen-2-one revealed interesting activity and binding to the benzothiazepine site.
|
Vasorelaxant activity in K+-depolarized guinea pig aorta assessed as inhibition of calcium-induced contraction at 100 uM
|
Cavia porcellus
|
88.0
%
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Discovery of novel and cardioselective diltiazem-like calcium channel blockers via virtual screening.
Year : 2008
Volume : 51
Issue : 18
First Page : 5552
Last Page : 5565
Authors : Carosati E, Budriesi R, Ioan P, Ugenti MP, Frosini M, Fusi F, Corda G, Cosimelli B, Spinelli D, Chiarini A, Cruciani G.
Abstract : With the effort to discover new chemotypes blocking L-type calcium channels (LTCCs), ligand-based virtual screening was applied with a specific interest toward the diltiazem binding site. Roughly 50000 commercially available compounds served as a database for screening. The filtering through predicted pharmacokinetic properties and structural requirements reduced the initial database to a few compounds for which the similarity was calculated toward two template molecules, diltiazem and 4-chloro-Ncyclopropyl- N-(4-piperidinyl)benzene-sulfonamide, the most interesting hit of a previous screening experiment. For 18 compounds, inotropic and chronotropic activity as well as the vasorelaxant effect on guinea pig were studied "in vitro", and for the most promising, binding studies to the diltiazem site were carried out. The procedure yielded several hits, confirming in silico techniques to be useful for finding new chemotypes. In particular, N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-3-hydroxy-2-naphthamide, N,Ndimethyl- N'-(2-pyridin-3-ylquinolin-4-yl)ethane-1,2-diamine, 2-[(4-chlorophenyl)(pyridin-2-yl)methoxy]- N,N-dimethylethanamine (carbinoxamine), and 7-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-2H-chromen-2-one revealed interesting activity and binding to the benzothiazepine site.
|
Vasorelaxant activity in K+-depolarized guinea pig ileum longitudinal smooth muscle assessed as inhibition of calcium-induced contraction at 1 uM
|
Cavia porcellus
|
98.0
%
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Discovery of novel and cardioselective diltiazem-like calcium channel blockers via virtual screening.
Year : 2008
Volume : 51
Issue : 18
First Page : 5552
Last Page : 5565
Authors : Carosati E, Budriesi R, Ioan P, Ugenti MP, Frosini M, Fusi F, Corda G, Cosimelli B, Spinelli D, Chiarini A, Cruciani G.
Abstract : With the effort to discover new chemotypes blocking L-type calcium channels (LTCCs), ligand-based virtual screening was applied with a specific interest toward the diltiazem binding site. Roughly 50000 commercially available compounds served as a database for screening. The filtering through predicted pharmacokinetic properties and structural requirements reduced the initial database to a few compounds for which the similarity was calculated toward two template molecules, diltiazem and 4-chloro-Ncyclopropyl- N-(4-piperidinyl)benzene-sulfonamide, the most interesting hit of a previous screening experiment. For 18 compounds, inotropic and chronotropic activity as well as the vasorelaxant effect on guinea pig were studied "in vitro", and for the most promising, binding studies to the diltiazem site were carried out. The procedure yielded several hits, confirming in silico techniques to be useful for finding new chemotypes. In particular, N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-3-hydroxy-2-naphthamide, N,Ndimethyl- N'-(2-pyridin-3-ylquinolin-4-yl)ethane-1,2-diamine, 2-[(4-chlorophenyl)(pyridin-2-yl)methoxy]- N,N-dimethylethanamine (carbinoxamine), and 7-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-2H-chromen-2-one revealed interesting activity and binding to the benzothiazepine site.
|
Vasorelaxant activity in K+-depolarized guinea pig ileum longitudinal smooth muscle assessed as inhibition of calcium-induced contraction
|
Cavia porcellus
|
110.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Discovery of novel and cardioselective diltiazem-like calcium channel blockers via virtual screening.
Year : 2008
Volume : 51
Issue : 18
First Page : 5552
Last Page : 5565
Authors : Carosati E, Budriesi R, Ioan P, Ugenti MP, Frosini M, Fusi F, Corda G, Cosimelli B, Spinelli D, Chiarini A, Cruciani G.
Abstract : With the effort to discover new chemotypes blocking L-type calcium channels (LTCCs), ligand-based virtual screening was applied with a specific interest toward the diltiazem binding site. Roughly 50000 commercially available compounds served as a database for screening. The filtering through predicted pharmacokinetic properties and structural requirements reduced the initial database to a few compounds for which the similarity was calculated toward two template molecules, diltiazem and 4-chloro-Ncyclopropyl- N-(4-piperidinyl)benzene-sulfonamide, the most interesting hit of a previous screening experiment. For 18 compounds, inotropic and chronotropic activity as well as the vasorelaxant effect on guinea pig were studied "in vitro", and for the most promising, binding studies to the diltiazem site were carried out. The procedure yielded several hits, confirming in silico techniques to be useful for finding new chemotypes. In particular, N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-3-hydroxy-2-naphthamide, N,Ndimethyl- N'-(2-pyridin-3-ylquinolin-4-yl)ethane-1,2-diamine, 2-[(4-chlorophenyl)(pyridin-2-yl)methoxy]- N,N-dimethylethanamine (carbinoxamine), and 7-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-2H-chromen-2-one revealed interesting activity and binding to the benzothiazepine site.
|
Inhibition of 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium uptake at human OCT1 expressed in HEK293 cells at 100 uM by confocal microscopy
|
Homo sapiens
|
65.5
%
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Structural requirements for drug inhibition of the liver specific human organic cation transport protein 1.
Year : 2008
Volume : 51
Issue : 19
First Page : 5932
Last Page : 5942
Authors : Ahlin G, Karlsson J, Pedersen JM, Gustavsson L, Larsson R, Matsson P, Norinder U, Bergström CA, Artursson P.
Abstract : The liver-specific organic cation transport protein (OCT1; SLC22A1) transports several cationic drugs including the antidiabetic drug metformin and the anticancer agents oxaliplatin and imatinib. In this study, we explored the chemical space of registered oral drugs with the aim of studying the inhibition pattern of OCT1 and of developing predictive computational models of OCT1 inhibition. In total, 191 structurally diverse compounds were examined in HEK293-OCT1 cells. The assay identified 47 novel inhibitors and confirmed 15 previously known inhibitors. The enrichment of OCT1 inhibitors was seen in several drug classes including antidepressants. High lipophilicity and a positive net charge were found to be the key physicochemical properties for OCT1 inhibition, whereas a high molecular dipole moment and many hydrogen bonds were negatively correlated to OCT1 inhibition. The data were used to generate OPLS-DA models for OCT1 inhibitors; the final model correctly predicted 82% of the inhibitors and 88% of the noninhibitors of the test set.
|
Inhibition of calcium channel
|
None
|
337.0
nM
|
|
Journal : Eur. J. Med. Chem.
Title : Mechanistic aspects of benzothiazepines: a class of antiarrhythmic drugs.
Year : 2009
Volume : 44
Issue : 1
First Page : 1
Last Page : 6
Authors : Yadav A, Awasthi A, Rao NK.
Abstract : The authors have presented ab initio Hartree Fock calculations coupled with intermolecular interaction calculations to study mechanistic aspects of benzothiazepine class of calcium channel blockers. A channel model has been taken containing pore region glutamates and all three classes' sensing residues. Benzothiazepine drugs have been docked in and ternary complex (that is, drug ...Ca(2+)... channel model) stability has been studied and related to mechanistic aspects of these drugs.
|
Antiproliferative activity against human A2780 cells at 1.3 uM after 3 days by MTT assay
|
Homo sapiens
|
0.0
%
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Inhibition of MDR1 activity in vitro by a novel class of diltiazem analogues: toward new candidates.
Year : 2009
Volume : 52
Issue : 2
First Page : 259
Last Page : 266
Authors : Viale M, Cordazzo C, Cosimelli B, de Totero D, Castagnola P, Aiello C, Severi E, Petrillo G, Cianfriglia M, Spinelli D.
Abstract : The reversal of multidrug resistance by 22 molecules [8-aryl-8-hydroxy-5-R'-8H-[1,4]thiazino[3,4-c][1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-ones (1a-i) and 8-aryl-8-alkoxy-5-methyl-8H-[1,4]thiazino[3,4-c][1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-ones (2a-m)] related to myocardial-calcium-channel-modulator diltiazem was studied in multidrug resistant A2780/DX3 and their sensitive counterpart A2780 cells. MTT, cytofluorimetry assays, and fluorescence microscopy analyses were used to define activity and accumulation of doxorubicin with or without the diltiazem-like modulators. Of the 22 molecules, 1a, 2f, 2g, and 2m were able to overcome the established criteria for the selection in A2780/DX3 cells (IC(50) reduction > or = 25%), but only 2f, 2g, and 2m caused a significant increase of intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin. In conclusion, experiments lead to the identification of three diltiazem-like molecules able to increase the intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin by inhibiting the MDR1 function, thus potentiating its antiproliferative activity in multidrug resistant A2780/DX3 cells.
|
Blockade of L-type calcium channel
|
None
|
790.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Inhibition of MDR1 activity in vitro by a novel class of diltiazem analogues: toward new candidates.
Year : 2009
Volume : 52
Issue : 2
First Page : 259
Last Page : 266
Authors : Viale M, Cordazzo C, Cosimelli B, de Totero D, Castagnola P, Aiello C, Severi E, Petrillo G, Cianfriglia M, Spinelli D.
Abstract : The reversal of multidrug resistance by 22 molecules [8-aryl-8-hydroxy-5-R'-8H-[1,4]thiazino[3,4-c][1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-ones (1a-i) and 8-aryl-8-alkoxy-5-methyl-8H-[1,4]thiazino[3,4-c][1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-ones (2a-m)] related to myocardial-calcium-channel-modulator diltiazem was studied in multidrug resistant A2780/DX3 and their sensitive counterpart A2780 cells. MTT, cytofluorimetry assays, and fluorescence microscopy analyses were used to define activity and accumulation of doxorubicin with or without the diltiazem-like modulators. Of the 22 molecules, 1a, 2f, 2g, and 2m were able to overcome the established criteria for the selection in A2780/DX3 cells (IC(50) reduction > or = 25%), but only 2f, 2g, and 2m caused a significant increase of intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin. In conclusion, experiments lead to the identification of three diltiazem-like molecules able to increase the intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin by inhibiting the MDR1 function, thus potentiating its antiproliferative activity in multidrug resistant A2780/DX3 cells.
|
Antiproliferative activity against human A2780/DX3 cells at 2.2 uM after 3 days by MTT assay
|
Homo sapiens
|
0.0
%
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Inhibition of MDR1 activity in vitro by a novel class of diltiazem analogues: toward new candidates.
Year : 2009
Volume : 52
Issue : 2
First Page : 259
Last Page : 266
Authors : Viale M, Cordazzo C, Cosimelli B, de Totero D, Castagnola P, Aiello C, Severi E, Petrillo G, Cianfriglia M, Spinelli D.
Abstract : The reversal of multidrug resistance by 22 molecules [8-aryl-8-hydroxy-5-R'-8H-[1,4]thiazino[3,4-c][1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-ones (1a-i) and 8-aryl-8-alkoxy-5-methyl-8H-[1,4]thiazino[3,4-c][1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-ones (2a-m)] related to myocardial-calcium-channel-modulator diltiazem was studied in multidrug resistant A2780/DX3 and their sensitive counterpart A2780 cells. MTT, cytofluorimetry assays, and fluorescence microscopy analyses were used to define activity and accumulation of doxorubicin with or without the diltiazem-like modulators. Of the 22 molecules, 1a, 2f, 2g, and 2m were able to overcome the established criteria for the selection in A2780/DX3 cells (IC(50) reduction > or = 25%), but only 2f, 2g, and 2m caused a significant increase of intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin. In conclusion, experiments lead to the identification of three diltiazem-like molecules able to increase the intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin by inhibiting the MDR1 function, thus potentiating its antiproliferative activity in multidrug resistant A2780/DX3 cells.
|
Effect on cardiac activity in guinea pig spontaneously beating heart assessed as change in left ventricular pressure
|
Cavia porcellus
|
9.333
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : L-Type calcium channel blockers: from diltiazem to 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-ones via thiazinooxadiazol-3-one derivatives.
Year : 2009
Volume : 52
Issue : 8
First Page : 2352
Last Page : 2362
Authors : Budriesi R, Cosimelli B, Ioan P, Ugenti MP, Carosati E, Frosini M, Fusi F, Spisani R, Saponara S, Cruciani G, Novellino E, Spinelli D, Chiarini A.
Abstract : The research of compounds with L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) blocking activity continued with heterocyclic compounds containing the 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-one ring. For a series of 22 new derivatives of 3-aryl-4[(Z)-(1-methyl-2-alkylsulphanyl-vinyl)][1,2,4]oxadiazol-5(4H)-ones, which represent the "frozen" open chain counterpart of the cyclic aryl-thiazinooxadiazolones previously examined, we report here the synthesis and the characterization as LTCC blockers, evaluated on isolated tissues of guinea pig. The most interesting compound, 8b, was tested also on L-type calcium current recorded in isolated rat tail artery myocytes. Overall, six compounds were more potent than diltiazem, and binding assays confirmed the direct interaction with the benzothiazepine binding site. As the cyclic aryl-thiazinooxadiazolones, p-bromine substituted compounds were generally more potent than the corresponding p-chlorine ones. A saturated or unsaturated alkyl chain or a bulky group at the sulfur atom were detrimental to the potency, while the compounds with S-methyl groups, i.e., thioether (8b), sulfoxide (16a,b), and sulfone (17b), gave the best results.
|
Effect on cardiac activity in guinea pig spontaneously beating heart assessed as change in coronary perfusion pressure
|
Cavia porcellus
|
21.88
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : L-Type calcium channel blockers: from diltiazem to 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-ones via thiazinooxadiazol-3-one derivatives.
Year : 2009
Volume : 52
Issue : 8
First Page : 2352
Last Page : 2362
Authors : Budriesi R, Cosimelli B, Ioan P, Ugenti MP, Carosati E, Frosini M, Fusi F, Spisani R, Saponara S, Cruciani G, Novellino E, Spinelli D, Chiarini A.
Abstract : The research of compounds with L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) blocking activity continued with heterocyclic compounds containing the 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-one ring. For a series of 22 new derivatives of 3-aryl-4[(Z)-(1-methyl-2-alkylsulphanyl-vinyl)][1,2,4]oxadiazol-5(4H)-ones, which represent the "frozen" open chain counterpart of the cyclic aryl-thiazinooxadiazolones previously examined, we report here the synthesis and the characterization as LTCC blockers, evaluated on isolated tissues of guinea pig. The most interesting compound, 8b, was tested also on L-type calcium current recorded in isolated rat tail artery myocytes. Overall, six compounds were more potent than diltiazem, and binding assays confirmed the direct interaction with the benzothiazepine binding site. As the cyclic aryl-thiazinooxadiazolones, p-bromine substituted compounds were generally more potent than the corresponding p-chlorine ones. A saturated or unsaturated alkyl chain or a bulky group at the sulfur atom were detrimental to the potency, while the compounds with S-methyl groups, i.e., thioether (8b), sulfoxide (16a,b), and sulfone (17b), gave the best results.
|
Negative inotropic activity in guinea pig left atrium assessed as decrease in atrial tension
|
Cavia porcellus
|
790.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : L-Type calcium channel blockers: from diltiazem to 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-ones via thiazinooxadiazol-3-one derivatives.
Year : 2009
Volume : 52
Issue : 8
First Page : 2352
Last Page : 2362
Authors : Budriesi R, Cosimelli B, Ioan P, Ugenti MP, Carosati E, Frosini M, Fusi F, Spisani R, Saponara S, Cruciani G, Novellino E, Spinelli D, Chiarini A.
Abstract : The research of compounds with L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) blocking activity continued with heterocyclic compounds containing the 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-one ring. For a series of 22 new derivatives of 3-aryl-4[(Z)-(1-methyl-2-alkylsulphanyl-vinyl)][1,2,4]oxadiazol-5(4H)-ones, which represent the "frozen" open chain counterpart of the cyclic aryl-thiazinooxadiazolones previously examined, we report here the synthesis and the characterization as LTCC blockers, evaluated on isolated tissues of guinea pig. The most interesting compound, 8b, was tested also on L-type calcium current recorded in isolated rat tail artery myocytes. Overall, six compounds were more potent than diltiazem, and binding assays confirmed the direct interaction with the benzothiazepine binding site. As the cyclic aryl-thiazinooxadiazolones, p-bromine substituted compounds were generally more potent than the corresponding p-chlorine ones. A saturated or unsaturated alkyl chain or a bulky group at the sulfur atom were detrimental to the potency, while the compounds with S-methyl groups, i.e., thioether (8b), sulfoxide (16a,b), and sulfone (17b), gave the best results.
|
Displacement of [3H]diltiazem from L-type calcium channel in Sprague-Dawley rat cardiac myocytes by liquid scintillation counting
|
Rattus norvegicus
|
85.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : L-Type calcium channel blockers: from diltiazem to 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-ones via thiazinooxadiazol-3-one derivatives.
Year : 2009
Volume : 52
Issue : 8
First Page : 2352
Last Page : 2362
Authors : Budriesi R, Cosimelli B, Ioan P, Ugenti MP, Carosati E, Frosini M, Fusi F, Spisani R, Saponara S, Cruciani G, Novellino E, Spinelli D, Chiarini A.
Abstract : The research of compounds with L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) blocking activity continued with heterocyclic compounds containing the 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-one ring. For a series of 22 new derivatives of 3-aryl-4[(Z)-(1-methyl-2-alkylsulphanyl-vinyl)][1,2,4]oxadiazol-5(4H)-ones, which represent the "frozen" open chain counterpart of the cyclic aryl-thiazinooxadiazolones previously examined, we report here the synthesis and the characterization as LTCC blockers, evaluated on isolated tissues of guinea pig. The most interesting compound, 8b, was tested also on L-type calcium current recorded in isolated rat tail artery myocytes. Overall, six compounds were more potent than diltiazem, and binding assays confirmed the direct interaction with the benzothiazepine binding site. As the cyclic aryl-thiazinooxadiazolones, p-bromine substituted compounds were generally more potent than the corresponding p-chlorine ones. A saturated or unsaturated alkyl chain or a bulky group at the sulfur atom were detrimental to the potency, while the compounds with S-methyl groups, i.e., thioether (8b), sulfoxide (16a,b), and sulfone (17b), gave the best results.
|
Negative inotropic activity in guinea pig left atrium assessed as decrease in atrial tension
|
Cavia porcellus
|
790.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Stereoselective behavior of the functional diltiazem analogue 1-[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(2-thienyl)pyrrolidine, a new L-type calcium channel blocker.
Year : 2009
Volume : 52
Issue : 21
First Page : 6637
Last Page : 6648
Authors : Carosati E, Budriesi R, Ioan P, Cruciani G, Fusi F, Frosini M, Saponara S, Gasparrini F, Ciogli A, Villani C, Stephens PJ, Devlin FJ, Spinelli D, Chiarini A.
Abstract : We studied the stereoselective behavior of 1-[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(2-thienyl)pyrrolidine, a recently described blocker of cardiovascular L-type calcium channels that binds to the diltiazem site. Given the stereocenter at C-2 of the pyrrolidine ring, the two enantiomers were separated by chiral HPLC and, using VCD in conjunction with DFT calculations of chiroptical properties, the absolute configuration was assigned as R-(+)/S-(-). For both forms, functional, electrophysiological, and binding properties were studied and the three-dimensional superimpositions of the two enantiomers over diltiazem were obtained in silico. The significant differences observed for the two enantiomers well agreed with the experimental data, and molecular regions were hypothesized as responsible for the cardiac stereoselectivity and vascular stereospecificity.
|
Vasorelaxant activity in 80 mM K+-depolarized guinea pig thoracic aortic strip assessed as inhibition of calcium-induced contraction at 100 uM
|
Cavia porcellus
|
88.0
%
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Stereoselective behavior of the functional diltiazem analogue 1-[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(2-thienyl)pyrrolidine, a new L-type calcium channel blocker.
Year : 2009
Volume : 52
Issue : 21
First Page : 6637
Last Page : 6648
Authors : Carosati E, Budriesi R, Ioan P, Cruciani G, Fusi F, Frosini M, Saponara S, Gasparrini F, Ciogli A, Villani C, Stephens PJ, Devlin FJ, Spinelli D, Chiarini A.
Abstract : We studied the stereoselective behavior of 1-[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(2-thienyl)pyrrolidine, a recently described blocker of cardiovascular L-type calcium channels that binds to the diltiazem site. Given the stereocenter at C-2 of the pyrrolidine ring, the two enantiomers were separated by chiral HPLC and, using VCD in conjunction with DFT calculations of chiroptical properties, the absolute configuration was assigned as R-(+)/S-(-). For both forms, functional, electrophysiological, and binding properties were studied and the three-dimensional superimpositions of the two enantiomers over diltiazem were obtained in silico. The significant differences observed for the two enantiomers well agreed with the experimental data, and molecular regions were hypothesized as responsible for the cardiac stereoselectivity and vascular stereospecificity.
|
Muscle relaxant activity in 80 mM K+-depolarized guinea pig ileum longitudinal smooth muscle assessed as inhibition of calcium-induced contraction at 10 uM
|
Cavia porcellus
|
98.0
%
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Stereoselective behavior of the functional diltiazem analogue 1-[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(2-thienyl)pyrrolidine, a new L-type calcium channel blocker.
Year : 2009
Volume : 52
Issue : 21
First Page : 6637
Last Page : 6648
Authors : Carosati E, Budriesi R, Ioan P, Cruciani G, Fusi F, Frosini M, Saponara S, Gasparrini F, Ciogli A, Villani C, Stephens PJ, Devlin FJ, Spinelli D, Chiarini A.
Abstract : We studied the stereoselective behavior of 1-[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(2-thienyl)pyrrolidine, a recently described blocker of cardiovascular L-type calcium channels that binds to the diltiazem site. Given the stereocenter at C-2 of the pyrrolidine ring, the two enantiomers were separated by chiral HPLC and, using VCD in conjunction with DFT calculations of chiroptical properties, the absolute configuration was assigned as R-(+)/S-(-). For both forms, functional, electrophysiological, and binding properties were studied and the three-dimensional superimpositions of the two enantiomers over diltiazem were obtained in silico. The significant differences observed for the two enantiomers well agreed with the experimental data, and molecular regions were hypothesized as responsible for the cardiac stereoselectivity and vascular stereospecificity.
|
Muscle relaxant activity in 80 mM K+-depolarized guinea pig ileum longitudinal smooth muscle assessed as inhibition of calcium-induced contraction
|
Cavia porcellus
|
110.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Stereoselective behavior of the functional diltiazem analogue 1-[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(2-thienyl)pyrrolidine, a new L-type calcium channel blocker.
Year : 2009
Volume : 52
Issue : 21
First Page : 6637
Last Page : 6648
Authors : Carosati E, Budriesi R, Ioan P, Cruciani G, Fusi F, Frosini M, Saponara S, Gasparrini F, Ciogli A, Villani C, Stephens PJ, Devlin FJ, Spinelli D, Chiarini A.
Abstract : We studied the stereoselective behavior of 1-[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-(2-thienyl)pyrrolidine, a recently described blocker of cardiovascular L-type calcium channels that binds to the diltiazem site. Given the stereocenter at C-2 of the pyrrolidine ring, the two enantiomers were separated by chiral HPLC and, using VCD in conjunction with DFT calculations of chiroptical properties, the absolute configuration was assigned as R-(+)/S-(-). For both forms, functional, electrophysiological, and binding properties were studied and the three-dimensional superimpositions of the two enantiomers over diltiazem were obtained in silico. The significant differences observed for the two enantiomers well agreed with the experimental data, and molecular regions were hypothesized as responsible for the cardiac stereoselectivity and vascular stereospecificity.
|
Inhibition of rat L-type Ca2+ channel diltiazem site
|
Rattus norvegicus
|
52.0
nM
|
|
Journal : Bioorg. Med. Chem.
Title : Discovery of {1-[4-(2-{hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]cyclooctyl}methanol, systemically potent novel non-peptide agonist of nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor as analgesic for the treatment of neuropathic pain: design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships.
Year : 2010
Volume : 18
Issue : 21
First Page : 7675
Last Page : 7699
Authors : Hayashi S, Nakata E, Morita A, Mizuno K, Yamamura K, Kato A, Ohashi K.
Abstract : Neuropathic pain is a serious chronic disorder caused by lesion or dysfunction in the nervous systems. Endogenous nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) peptide and N/OFQ peptide (NOP) receptor [or opioid-receptor-like-1 (ORL1) receptor] are located in the central and peripheral nervous systems, the immune systems, and peripheral organs, and have a crucial role in the pain sensory system. Indeed, peripheral or intrathecal N/OFQ has displayed antinociceptive activities in neuropathic pain models, and inhibitory effects on pain-related neurotransmitter releases and on synaptic transmissions of C- and Aδ-fibers. In this study, design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of peripheral/spinal cord-targeting non-peptide NOP receptor agonist were investigated for the treatment of neuropathic pain, which resulted in the discovery of highly selective and potent novel NOP receptor full agonist {1-[4-(2-{hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]cyclooctyl}methanol 1 (HPCOM) as systemically (subcutaneously) potent new-class analgesic. Thus, 1 demonstrates dose-dependent inhibitory effect against mechanical allodynia in chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain model rats, robust metabolic stability and little hERG potassium ion channel binding affinity, with its unique and potentially safe profiles and mechanisms, which were distinctive from those of N/OFQ in terms of site-differential effects.
|
Mechanism based inhibition of human cytochrome P450 3A4 measured by testosterone 6-beta hydroxylation
|
Homo sapiens
|
500.0
nM
|
|
Journal : Curr. Drug Metab.
Title : Cytochrome p450 enzymes mechanism based inhibitors: common sub-structures and reactivity.
Year : 2005
Volume : 6
Issue : 1
First Page : 413
Last Page : 454
Authors : Fontana E, Dansette PM, Poli SM.
Abstract : The inhibition of human cytochrome P450s (CYPs) is one of the most common mechanisms which can lead to drug-drug interactions. The inhibition of CYPs can be reversible (competitive or non-competitive) or irreversible. Irreversible inhibition usually derives from activation of a drug by CYPs into a reactive metabolite, which tightly binds to the enzyme active site, leading to a long lasting inactivation. This process is called "mechanism based inhibition" or "suicide inhibition". The irreversible inactivation usually implies the formation of a covalent bond between the metabolite and the enzyme, which can lead to hapten formation and can in some cases trigger an autoimmune-response. For these reasons it is of utmost importance to study the mechanism of the CYP inhibition of new potential drugs as early as possible during the drug discovery process. The literature on CYPs is vast and covers numerous aspects of their biology and biochemistry, however to our knowledge there is no general and systematic review focusing on mechanism-based inhibitors; we have reviewed the literature and compiled all the available data on chemical entities, which are known to be CYP suicide inhibitors. Each compound is reported together with its chemical structure, the CYP isoform and the parameters describing the inactivation. Literature references are reported together with their PMID (PubMed ID number) to allow a fast retrieval of the papers. This review offers a quick reference to help predict liabilities of new chemical entities without carrying out extensive in vitro work, and will hopefully help in designing safer drugs.
|
DRUGMATRIX: Calcium Channel Type L, Benzothiazepine radioligand binding (ligand: [3H] Diltiazem)
|
Rattus norvegicus
|
28.0
nM
|
|
DRUGMATRIX: Calcium Channel Type L, Benzothiazepine radioligand binding (ligand: [3H] Diltiazem)
|
Rattus norvegicus
|
25.0
nM
|
|
Title : DrugMatrix in vitro pharmacology data
Authors : Scott S. Auerbach, DrugMatrix¨ and ToxFX¨ Coordinator National Toxicology Program
Abstract : The DrugMatrix Pharmacology data is a subset of the data freely available from the National Toxicology Program. For more details see:https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/drugmatrix/index.html
|
DRUGMATRIX: Calcium Channel Type L, Phenylalkylamine radioligand binding (ligand: [3H] (-)-Desmethoxyverapamil (D-888))
|
Rattus norvegicus
|
630.0
nM
|
|
DRUGMATRIX: Calcium Channel Type L, Phenylalkylamine radioligand binding (ligand: [3H] (-)-Desmethoxyverapamil (D-888))
|
Rattus norvegicus
|
612.0
nM
|
|
Title : DrugMatrix in vitro pharmacology data
Authors : Scott S. Auerbach, DrugMatrix¨ and ToxFX¨ Coordinator National Toxicology Program
Abstract : The DrugMatrix Pharmacology data is a subset of the data freely available from the National Toxicology Program. For more details see:https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/drugmatrix/index.html
|
Inhibition of human liver OATP1B1 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in E17-betaG uptake at 20 uM by scintillation counting
|
Homo sapiens
|
3.2
%
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.
Year : 2012
Volume : 55
Issue : 10
First Page : 4740
Last Page : 4763
Authors : Karlgren M, Vildhede A, Norinder U, Wisniewski JR, Kimoto E, Lai Y, Haglund U, Artursson P.
Abstract : The hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) influence the pharmacokinetics of several drug classes and are involved in many clinical drug-drug interactions. Predicting potential interactions with OATPs is, therefore, of value. Here, we developed in vitro and in silico models for identification and prediction of specific and general inhibitors of OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and OATP2B1. The maximal transport activity (MTA) of each OATP in human liver was predicted from transport kinetics and protein quantification. We then used MTA to predict the effects of a subset of inhibitors on atorvastatin uptake in vivo. Using a data set of 225 drug-like compounds, 91 OATP inhibitors were identified. In silico models indicated that lipophilicity and polar surface area are key molecular features of OATP inhibition. MTA predictions identified OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 as major determinants of atorvastatin uptake in vivo. The relative contributions to overall hepatic uptake varied with isoform specificities of the inhibitors.
|
Inhibition of human liver OATP1B3 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in [3H]E17-betaG uptake at 20 uM incubated for 5 mins by scintillation counting
|
Homo sapiens
|
4.1
%
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.
Year : 2012
Volume : 55
Issue : 10
First Page : 4740
Last Page : 4763
Authors : Karlgren M, Vildhede A, Norinder U, Wisniewski JR, Kimoto E, Lai Y, Haglund U, Artursson P.
Abstract : The hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) influence the pharmacokinetics of several drug classes and are involved in many clinical drug-drug interactions. Predicting potential interactions with OATPs is, therefore, of value. Here, we developed in vitro and in silico models for identification and prediction of specific and general inhibitors of OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and OATP2B1. The maximal transport activity (MTA) of each OATP in human liver was predicted from transport kinetics and protein quantification. We then used MTA to predict the effects of a subset of inhibitors on atorvastatin uptake in vivo. Using a data set of 225 drug-like compounds, 91 OATP inhibitors were identified. In silico models indicated that lipophilicity and polar surface area are key molecular features of OATP inhibition. MTA predictions identified OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 as major determinants of atorvastatin uptake in vivo. The relative contributions to overall hepatic uptake varied with isoform specificities of the inhibitors.
|
Inhibition of human liver OATP2B1 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in [3H]E3S uptake at 20 uM incubated for 5 mins by scintillation counting
|
Homo sapiens
|
-9.1
%
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.
Year : 2012
Volume : 55
Issue : 10
First Page : 4740
Last Page : 4763
Authors : Karlgren M, Vildhede A, Norinder U, Wisniewski JR, Kimoto E, Lai Y, Haglund U, Artursson P.
Abstract : The hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) influence the pharmacokinetics of several drug classes and are involved in many clinical drug-drug interactions. Predicting potential interactions with OATPs is, therefore, of value. Here, we developed in vitro and in silico models for identification and prediction of specific and general inhibitors of OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and OATP2B1. The maximal transport activity (MTA) of each OATP in human liver was predicted from transport kinetics and protein quantification. We then used MTA to predict the effects of a subset of inhibitors on atorvastatin uptake in vivo. Using a data set of 225 drug-like compounds, 91 OATP inhibitors were identified. In silico models indicated that lipophilicity and polar surface area are key molecular features of OATP inhibition. MTA predictions identified OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 as major determinants of atorvastatin uptake in vivo. The relative contributions to overall hepatic uptake varied with isoform specificities of the inhibitors.
|
Inhibition of CYP3A4-mediated N-demethylation in human liver microsomes
|
Homo sapiens
|
100.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Mechanism-based inactivation (MBI) of cytochrome P450 enzymes: structure-activity relationships and discovery strategies to mitigate drug-drug interaction risks.
Year : 2012
Volume : 55
Issue : 11
First Page : 4896
Last Page : 4933
Authors : Orr ST, Ripp SL, Ballard TE, Henderson JL, Scott DO, Obach RS, Sun H, Kalgutkar AS.
|
Displacement of [3H]Diltiazem from L-type calcium channel benzothiazepine binding site in Wistar rat brain after 3 hrs
|
Rattus norvegicus
|
32.0
nM
|
|
Displacement of [3H]Diltiazem from L-type calcium channel benzothiazepine binding site in Wistar rat brain after 3 hrs
|
Rattus norvegicus
|
36.0
nM
|
|
Journal : Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
Title : Cinnamides as selective small-molecule inhibitors of a cellular model of breast cancer stem cells.
Year : 2013
Volume : 23
Issue : 6
First Page : 1834
Last Page : 1838
Authors : Germain AR, Carmody LC, Nag PP, Morgan B, Verplank L, Fernandez C, Donckele E, Feng Y, Perez JR, Dandapani S, Palmer M, Lander ES, Gupta PB, Schreiber SL, Munoz B.
Abstract : A high-throughput screen (HTS) was conducted against stably propagated cancer stem cell (CSC)-enriched populations using a library of 300,718 compounds from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Molecular Libraries Small Molecule Repository (MLSMR). A cinnamide analog displayed greater than 20-fold selective inhibition of the breast CSC-like cell line (HMLE_sh_Ecad) over the isogenic control cell line (HMLE_sh_eGFP). Herein, we report structure-activity relationships of this class of cinnamides for selective lethality towards CSC-enriched populations.
|
Displacement of [3H]Diltiazem from L-type calcium channel benzothiazepine binding site in Wistar rat brain at 10 uM after 3 hrs relative to control
|
Rattus norvegicus
|
16.0
%
|
|
Journal : Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
Title : Cinnamides as selective small-molecule inhibitors of a cellular model of breast cancer stem cells.
Year : 2013
Volume : 23
Issue : 6
First Page : 1834
Last Page : 1838
Authors : Germain AR, Carmody LC, Nag PP, Morgan B, Verplank L, Fernandez C, Donckele E, Feng Y, Perez JR, Dandapani S, Palmer M, Lander ES, Gupta PB, Schreiber SL, Munoz B.
Abstract : A high-throughput screen (HTS) was conducted against stably propagated cancer stem cell (CSC)-enriched populations using a library of 300,718 compounds from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Molecular Libraries Small Molecule Repository (MLSMR). A cinnamide analog displayed greater than 20-fold selective inhibition of the breast CSC-like cell line (HMLE_sh_Ecad) over the isogenic control cell line (HMLE_sh_eGFP). Herein, we report structure-activity relationships of this class of cinnamides for selective lethality towards CSC-enriched populations.
|
Negative ionotropic activity in guinea pig left atrium assessed as decrease in developed tension driven at 1 Hz
|
Cavia porcellus
|
790.0
nM
|
|
Journal : Eur. J. Med. Chem.
Title : Synthesis and L-type calcium channel blocking activity of new chiral oxadiazolothiazinones.
Year : 2015
Volume : 92
First Page : 481
Last Page : 489
Authors : Carosati E, Ioan P, Barrano GB, Caccamese S, Cosimelli B, Devlin FJ, Severi E, Spinelli D, Superchi S, Budriesi R.
Abstract : Oxadiazolo[3,4-c][1,4]thiazin-3-ones are cardiovascular agents that block L-type calcium channels. Previous data of cardiac and vasorelaxant activity on guinea-pig for several derivatives indicated the two positions ortho to the thiazine's sulphur as crucial for modulating the activity; but these positions are likely susceptible to metabolic biotransformations, as indicated by in silico predictions. We designed new derivatives, and obtained three negative inotropic agents with EC50 in the low nanomolar range, more potent than all the precursors published so far. In particular, benzocondensation at the thiazine ring led to 3a (EC50 = 0.013 μM) and 3b (EC50 = 0.006 μM). Besides negative inotropy, we also observed relaxant activity on nonvascular muscle in the micromolar range. We resolved the new derivatives by chiral chromatography, and determined their absolute configuration by comparing experimental and calculated chiroptical properties (VCD, ECD and ORD): they hold the same absolute configuration-optical rotation relationship, (S)-(+)/(R)-(-). Both cardiac and nonvascular activity are majorly or mostly retained in the R-form for all the compounds, but for the nonvascular activity we observed a strong stereoselectivity for 3a, with the R-form in the nanomolar range (IC50 = 0.020 μM) and 259-fold more potent than the S-one.
|
Antagonist activity at Cav1.2b in K+-depolarized guinea pig ileum longitudinal smooth muscle assessed as inhibition of calcium-induced contraction
|
Cavia porcellus
|
110.0
nM
|
|
Journal : Eur. J. Med. Chem.
Title : Synthesis and L-type calcium channel blocking activity of new chiral oxadiazolothiazinones.
Year : 2015
Volume : 92
First Page : 481
Last Page : 489
Authors : Carosati E, Ioan P, Barrano GB, Caccamese S, Cosimelli B, Devlin FJ, Severi E, Spinelli D, Superchi S, Budriesi R.
Abstract : Oxadiazolo[3,4-c][1,4]thiazin-3-ones are cardiovascular agents that block L-type calcium channels. Previous data of cardiac and vasorelaxant activity on guinea-pig for several derivatives indicated the two positions ortho to the thiazine's sulphur as crucial for modulating the activity; but these positions are likely susceptible to metabolic biotransformations, as indicated by in silico predictions. We designed new derivatives, and obtained three negative inotropic agents with EC50 in the low nanomolar range, more potent than all the precursors published so far. In particular, benzocondensation at the thiazine ring led to 3a (EC50 = 0.013 μM) and 3b (EC50 = 0.006 μM). Besides negative inotropy, we also observed relaxant activity on nonvascular muscle in the micromolar range. We resolved the new derivatives by chiral chromatography, and determined their absolute configuration by comparing experimental and calculated chiroptical properties (VCD, ECD and ORD): they hold the same absolute configuration-optical rotation relationship, (S)-(+)/(R)-(-). Both cardiac and nonvascular activity are majorly or mostly retained in the R-form for all the compounds, but for the nonvascular activity we observed a strong stereoselectivity for 3a, with the R-form in the nanomolar range (IC50 = 0.020 μM) and 259-fold more potent than the S-one.
|
Inhibition of voltage-gated L-type Ca channel (species unknown)
|
None
|
450.0
nM
|
|
Journal : Cardiovasc. Res.
Title : Simulation of multiple ion channel block provides improved early prediction of compounds' clinical torsadogenic risk.
Year : 2011
Volume : 91
First Page : 53
Last Page : 61
Authors : Mirams GR, Cui Y, Sher A, Fink M, Cooper J, Heath BM, McMahon NC, Gavaghan DJ, Noble D.
Abstract : The level of inhibition of the human Ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) channel is one of the earliest preclinical markers used to predict the risk of a compound causing Torsade-de-Pointes (TdP) arrhythmias. While avoiding the use of drugs with maximum therapeutic concentrations within 30-fold of their hERG inhibitory concentration 50% (IC(50)) values has been suggested, there are drugs that are exceptions to this rule: hERG inhibitors that do not cause TdP, and drugs that can cause TdP but are not strong hERG inhibitors. In this study, we investigate whether a simulated evaluation of multi-channel effects could be used to improve this early prediction of TdP risk.We collected multiple ion channel data (hERG, Na, L-type Ca) on 31 drugs associated with varied risks of TdP. To integrate the information on multi-channel block, we have performed simulations with a variety of mathematical models of cardiac cells (for rabbit, dog, and human ventricular myocyte models). Drug action is modelled using IC(50) values, and therapeutic drug concentrations to calculate the proportion of blocked channels and the channel conductances are modified accordingly. Various pacing protocols are simulated, and classification analysis is performed to evaluate the predictive power of the models for TdP risk. We find that simulation of action potential duration prolongation, at therapeutic concentrations, provides improved prediction of the TdP risk associated with a compound, above that provided by existing markers.The suggested calculations improve the reliability of early cardiac safety assessments, beyond those based solely on a hERG block effect.
|
Inhibition of L-type calcium channel measured using whole-cell patch clamp in guinea pig ventricular myocytes
|
Cavia porcellus
|
630.0
nM
|
|
Journal : Journal of Applied Toxicology
Title : Predictive model for L-type channel inhibition: multichannel block in QT prolongation risk assessment.
Year : 2012
Volume : 32
First Page : 858
Last Page : 866
Authors : Wiśniowska B, Mendyk A, Fijorek K, Glinka A, Polak S.
Abstract : Evaluation of the proarrhythmic potential of an investigated compound is now an integral element of the safety profile required for the approval of new drugs. The human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) channel blocking potency is regarded as a surrogate marker of the proarrhythmic risk at the early stages of the research and development process. However, there is no straight correlation between QT prolongation and TdP occurrence probability, and hERG inhibition potential can be an inadequate predictor of QT prolongation. The L-type calcium channel plays a pivotal role in cardiomyocytes' physiology. Thus the main aim of this study was to develop a predictive model for drug-triggered CaL channel inhibition and also the assessment of drug-multichannel interaction effects on the heart rate-corrected QT interval. The data set, consisting of 123 records describing in vitro experimental settings, measured IC₅₀ values and calculated physico-chemical properties for 72 various chemicals, was collected. The models were tested in a modified 10-fold cross-validation procedure. The generalization ability of the best model was as follows: root mean squared error (RMSE) = 1.10, normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE) = 16.09%. Out of the 10 most important variables, 5 described conditions of the in vitro experiments thus their description and experiment's conditions standardization might be the key to the models better performance. The simulations performed with the ToxComp system showed that the hERG block alone causes concentration-dependent QT prolongation, whereas when multichannel block is regarded, the effect could be reversed. For that reason, the multichannel interaction of tested compounds should be taken into consideration, in order to make the proarrhythmic risk assessment more reliable.
|
Inhibition of Cav1.2 current measured using QPatch automatic path clamp system in CHO cells expressing Cav1.2, beta-2 and alpha-2/delta-1 subunits
|
Cricetulus griseus
|
760.0
nM
|
|
Journal : Scientific Reports
Title : MICE models: superior to the HERG model in predicting Torsade de Pointes.
Year : 2013
Volume : 3
First Page : 1
Last Page : 7
Authors : Kramer J, Obejero-Paz CA, Myatt G, Kuryshev YA, Bruening-Wright A, Verducci JS, Brown AM.
Abstract : Drug-induced block of the cardiac hERG (human Ether-à-go-go-Related Gene) potassium channel delays cardiac repolarization and increases the risk of Torsade de Pointes (TdP), a potentially lethal arrhythmia. A positive hERG assay has been embraced by regulators as a non-clinical predictor of TdP despite a discordance of about 30%. To test whether assaying concomitant block of multiple ion channels (Multiple Ion Channel Effects or MICE) improves predictivity we measured the concentration-responses of hERG, Nav1.5 and Cav1.2 currents for 32 torsadogenic and 23 non-torsadogenic drugs from multiple classes. We used automated gigaseal patch clamp instruments to provide higher throughput along with accuracy and reproducibility. Logistic regression models using the MICE assay showed a significant reduction in false positives (Type 1 errors) and false negatives (Type 2 errors) when compared to the hERG assay. The best MICE model only required a comparison of the blocking potencies between hERG and Cav1.2.
|
Time dependent inhibition of CYP3A4 in human liver microsomes using midazolam as substrate preincubated for 90 mins followed by 10-fold dilution and substrate addition by LC-MS/MS analysis in presence of NADPH
|
Homo sapiens
|
100.0
nM
|
|
Journal : Drug Metab. Dispos.
Title : Sequential metabolism of AMG 487, a novel CXCR3 antagonist, results in formation of quinone reactive metabolites that covalently modify CYP3A4 Cys239 and cause time-dependent inhibition of the enzyme.
Year : 2012
Volume : 40
Issue : 7
First Page : 1429
Last Page : 1440
Authors : Henne KR, Tran TB, VandenBrink BM, Rock DA, Aidasani DK, Subramanian R, Mason AK, Stresser DM, Teffera Y, Wong SG, Johnson MG, Chen X, Tonn GR, Wong BK.
Abstract : CYP3A4-mediated biotransformation of (R)-N-(1-(3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)ethyl)-N-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)acetamide (AMG 487) was previously shown to generate an inhibitory metabolite linked to dose- and time-dependent pharmacokinetics in humans. Although in vitro activity loss assays failed to demonstrate CYP3A4 time-dependent inhibition (TDI) with AMG 487, its M2 phenol metabolite readily produced TDI when remaining activity was assessed using either midazolam or testosterone (K(I) = 0.73-0.74 μM, k(inact) = 0.088-0.099 min(-1)). TDI investigations using an IC(50) shift method successfully produced inhibition attributable to AMG 487, but only when preincubations were extended from 30 to 90 min. The shift magnitude was ∼3× for midazolam activity, but no shift was observed for testosterone activity. Subsequent partition ratio determinations conducted for M2 using recombinant CYP3A4 showed that inactivation was a relatively inefficient process (r = 36). CYP3A4-mediated biotransformation of [(3)H]M2 in the presence of GSH led to identification of two new metabolites, M4 and M5, which shifted focus away from M2 being directly responsible for TDI. M4 (hydroxylated M2) was further metabolized to form reactive intermediates that, upon reaction with GSH, produced isomeric adducts, collectively designated M5. Incubations conducted in the presence of [(18)O]H(2)O confirmed incorporation of oxygen from O(2) for the majority of M4 and M5 formed (>75%). Further evidence of a primary role for M4 in CYP3A4 TDI was generated by protein labeling and proteolysis experiments, in which M4 was found to be covalently bound to Cys239 of CYP3A4. These investigations confirmed a primarily role for M4 in CYP3A4 inactivation, suggesting that a more complex metabolic pathway was responsible for generation of inhibitory metabolites affecting AMG 487 human pharmacokinetics.
|
Time dependent inhibition of CYP3A4 in human liver microsomes using testosterone as substrate preincubated for 90 mins followed by 10-fold dilution and substrate addition by LC-MS/MS analysis in presence of NADPH
|
Homo sapiens
|
100.0
nM
|
|
Journal : Drug Metab. Dispos.
Title : Sequential metabolism of AMG 487, a novel CXCR3 antagonist, results in formation of quinone reactive metabolites that covalently modify CYP3A4 Cys239 and cause time-dependent inhibition of the enzyme.
Year : 2012
Volume : 40
Issue : 7
First Page : 1429
Last Page : 1440
Authors : Henne KR, Tran TB, VandenBrink BM, Rock DA, Aidasani DK, Subramanian R, Mason AK, Stresser DM, Teffera Y, Wong SG, Johnson MG, Chen X, Tonn GR, Wong BK.
Abstract : CYP3A4-mediated biotransformation of (R)-N-(1-(3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)ethyl)-N-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-2-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)acetamide (AMG 487) was previously shown to generate an inhibitory metabolite linked to dose- and time-dependent pharmacokinetics in humans. Although in vitro activity loss assays failed to demonstrate CYP3A4 time-dependent inhibition (TDI) with AMG 487, its M2 phenol metabolite readily produced TDI when remaining activity was assessed using either midazolam or testosterone (K(I) = 0.73-0.74 μM, k(inact) = 0.088-0.099 min(-1)). TDI investigations using an IC(50) shift method successfully produced inhibition attributable to AMG 487, but only when preincubations were extended from 30 to 90 min. The shift magnitude was ∼3× for midazolam activity, but no shift was observed for testosterone activity. Subsequent partition ratio determinations conducted for M2 using recombinant CYP3A4 showed that inactivation was a relatively inefficient process (r = 36). CYP3A4-mediated biotransformation of [(3)H]M2 in the presence of GSH led to identification of two new metabolites, M4 and M5, which shifted focus away from M2 being directly responsible for TDI. M4 (hydroxylated M2) was further metabolized to form reactive intermediates that, upon reaction with GSH, produced isomeric adducts, collectively designated M5. Incubations conducted in the presence of [(18)O]H(2)O confirmed incorporation of oxygen from O(2) for the majority of M4 and M5 formed (>75%). Further evidence of a primary role for M4 in CYP3A4 TDI was generated by protein labeling and proteolysis experiments, in which M4 was found to be covalently bound to Cys239 of CYP3A4. These investigations confirmed a primarily role for M4 in CYP3A4 inactivation, suggesting that a more complex metabolic pathway was responsible for generation of inhibitory metabolites affecting AMG 487 human pharmacokinetics.
|
Negative inotropic activity in potassium depolarized guinea pig left atrium assessed as reduction in developed tension
|
Cavia porcellus
|
790.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Understanding Oxadiazolothiazinone Biological Properties: Negative Inotropic Activity versus Cytochrome P450-Mediated Metabolism.
Year : 2016
Volume : 59
Issue : 7
First Page : 3340
Last Page : 3352
Authors : Carosati E, Cosimelli B, Ioan P, Severi E, Katneni K, Chiu FC, Saponara S, Fusi F, Frosini M, Matucci R, Micucci M, Chiarini A, Spinelli D, Budriesi R.
Abstract : We present a series of oxadiazolothiazinones, selective inotropic agents on isolated cardiac tissues, devoid of chronotropy and vasorelaxant activity. Functional and binding data for the precursor of the series (compound 1) let us hypothesize LTCC blocking activity and the existence of a recognition site specific for this scaffold. We synthesized and tested 22 new derivatives: introducing a para-methoxyphenyl at C-8 led to compound 12 (EC50 = 0.022 μM), twice as potent as its para-bromo analogue (1). For 10 analogues, we extended the characterization of the biological properties by including the assessment of metabolic stability in human liver microsomes and cytochrome P450 inhibition potential. We observed that the methoxy group led to active compounds with low metabolic stability and high CYP inhibition, whereas the protective effect of bromine resulted in enhanced metabolic stability and reduced CYP inhibition. Thus, we identified two para-bromo benzothiazino-analogues as candidates for further studies.
|
Negative inotropic activity in potassium depolarized guinea pig left atrium assessed as reduction in developed tension after 30 mins
|
Cavia porcellus
|
790.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Understanding Oxadiazolothiazinone Biological Properties: Negative Inotropic Activity versus Cytochrome P450-Mediated Metabolism.
Year : 2016
Volume : 59
Issue : 7
First Page : 3340
Last Page : 3352
Authors : Carosati E, Cosimelli B, Ioan P, Severi E, Katneni K, Chiu FC, Saponara S, Fusi F, Frosini M, Matucci R, Micucci M, Chiarini A, Spinelli D, Budriesi R.
Abstract : We present a series of oxadiazolothiazinones, selective inotropic agents on isolated cardiac tissues, devoid of chronotropy and vasorelaxant activity. Functional and binding data for the precursor of the series (compound 1) let us hypothesize LTCC blocking activity and the existence of a recognition site specific for this scaffold. We synthesized and tested 22 new derivatives: introducing a para-methoxyphenyl at C-8 led to compound 12 (EC50 = 0.022 μM), twice as potent as its para-bromo analogue (1). For 10 analogues, we extended the characterization of the biological properties by including the assessment of metabolic stability in human liver microsomes and cytochrome P450 inhibition potential. We observed that the methoxy group led to active compounds with low metabolic stability and high CYP inhibition, whereas the protective effect of bromine resulted in enhanced metabolic stability and reduced CYP inhibition. Thus, we identified two para-bromo benzothiazino-analogues as candidates for further studies.
|
Negative chronotropic activity in potassium depolarized guinea pig right atrium assessed as reduction in atrial rate after 30 mins
|
Cavia porcellus
|
70.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Understanding Oxadiazolothiazinone Biological Properties: Negative Inotropic Activity versus Cytochrome P450-Mediated Metabolism.
Year : 2016
Volume : 59
Issue : 7
First Page : 3340
Last Page : 3352
Authors : Carosati E, Cosimelli B, Ioan P, Severi E, Katneni K, Chiu FC, Saponara S, Fusi F, Frosini M, Matucci R, Micucci M, Chiarini A, Spinelli D, Budriesi R.
Abstract : We present a series of oxadiazolothiazinones, selective inotropic agents on isolated cardiac tissues, devoid of chronotropy and vasorelaxant activity. Functional and binding data for the precursor of the series (compound 1) let us hypothesize LTCC blocking activity and the existence of a recognition site specific for this scaffold. We synthesized and tested 22 new derivatives: introducing a para-methoxyphenyl at C-8 led to compound 12 (EC50 = 0.022 μM), twice as potent as its para-bromo analogue (1). For 10 analogues, we extended the characterization of the biological properties by including the assessment of metabolic stability in human liver microsomes and cytochrome P450 inhibition potential. We observed that the methoxy group led to active compounds with low metabolic stability and high CYP inhibition, whereas the protective effect of bromine resulted in enhanced metabolic stability and reduced CYP inhibition. Thus, we identified two para-bromo benzothiazino-analogues as candidates for further studies.
|
Relaxant activity in potassium depolarized guinea pig ileum longitudinal smooth muscle assessed as inhibition of calcium-induced contraction after 30 mins
|
Cavia porcellus
|
110.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Understanding Oxadiazolothiazinone Biological Properties: Negative Inotropic Activity versus Cytochrome P450-Mediated Metabolism.
Year : 2016
Volume : 59
Issue : 7
First Page : 3340
Last Page : 3352
Authors : Carosati E, Cosimelli B, Ioan P, Severi E, Katneni K, Chiu FC, Saponara S, Fusi F, Frosini M, Matucci R, Micucci M, Chiarini A, Spinelli D, Budriesi R.
Abstract : We present a series of oxadiazolothiazinones, selective inotropic agents on isolated cardiac tissues, devoid of chronotropy and vasorelaxant activity. Functional and binding data for the precursor of the series (compound 1) let us hypothesize LTCC blocking activity and the existence of a recognition site specific for this scaffold. We synthesized and tested 22 new derivatives: introducing a para-methoxyphenyl at C-8 led to compound 12 (EC50 = 0.022 μM), twice as potent as its para-bromo analogue (1). For 10 analogues, we extended the characterization of the biological properties by including the assessment of metabolic stability in human liver microsomes and cytochrome P450 inhibition potential. We observed that the methoxy group led to active compounds with low metabolic stability and high CYP inhibition, whereas the protective effect of bromine resulted in enhanced metabolic stability and reduced CYP inhibition. Thus, we identified two para-bromo benzothiazino-analogues as candidates for further studies.
|
SARS-CoV-2 3CL-Pro protease inhibition percentage at 20µM by FRET kind of response from peptide substrate
|
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
|
1.94
%
|
|
Title : Identification of inhibitors of SARS-Cov2 M-Pro enzymatic activity using a small molecule repurposing screen
Year : 2020
Authors : Maria Kuzikov, Elisa Costanzi, Jeanette Reinshagen, Francesca Esposito, Laura Vangeel, Markus Wolf, Bernhard Ellinger, Carsten Claussen, Gerd Geisslinger, Angela Corona, Daniela Iaconis, Carmine Talarico, Candida Manelfi, Rolando Cannalire, Giulia Rossetti, Jonas Gossen, Simone Albani, Francesco Musiani, Katja Herzog, Yang Ye, Barbara Giabbai, Nicola Demitri, Dirk Jochmans, Steven De Jonghe, Jasper Rymenants, Vincenzo Summa, Enzo Tramontano, Andrea R. Beccari, Pieter Leyssen, Paola Storici, Johan Neyts, Philip Gribbon, and Andrea Zaliani
Abstract : Compound repurposing is an important strategy being pursued in the identification of effective treatment against the SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease. In this regard, SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M-Pro), also termed 3CL-Pro, is an attractive drug target as it plays a central role in viral replication by processing the viral polyprotein into 11 non-structural proteins. We report the results of a screening campaign involving ca 8.7 K compounds containing marketed drugs, clinical and preclinical candidates, and chemicals regarded as safe in humans. We confirmed previously reported inhibitors of 3CL-Pro, but we have also identified 68 compounds with IC50 lower than 1 uM and 127 compounds with IC50 lower than 5 uM. Profiling showed 67% of confirmed hits were selective (> 5 fold) against other Cys- and Ser- proteases (Chymotrypsin and Cathepsin-L) and MERS 3CL-Pro. Selected compounds were also analysed in their binding characteristics.
|
Antiviral activity determined as inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 induced cytotoxicity of VERO-6 cells at 10 uM after 48 hours exposure to 0.01 MOI SARS CoV-2 virus by high content imaging
|
Chlorocebus sabaeus
|
0.05
%
|
|
Antiviral activity determined as inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 induced cytotoxicity of VERO-6 cells at 10 uM after 48 hours exposure to 0.01 MOI SARS CoV-2 virus by high content imaging
|
Chlorocebus sabaeus
|
0.05
%
|
|
Title : Cytopathic SARS-Cov2 screening on VERO-E6 cells in a large repurposing effort
Year : 2020
Authors : Andrea Zaliani, Laura Vangeel, Jeanette Reinshagen, Daniela Iaconis, Maria Kuzikov, Oliver Keminer, Markus Wolf, Bernhard Ellinger, Francesca Esposito, Angela Corona, Enzo Tramontano, Candida Manelfi, Katja Herzog, Dirk Jochmans, Steven De Jonghe, Winston Chiu, Thibault Francken, Joost Schepers, Caroline Collard, Kayvan Abbasi, Carsten Claussen , Vincenzo Summa, Andrea R. Beccari, Johan Neyts, Philip Gribbon and Pieter Leyssen
Abstract : Worldwide, there are intensive efforts to identify repurposed drugs as potential therapies against SARS-CoV-2 infection and the associated COVID-19 disease. To date, the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone and (to a lesser extent) the RNA-polymerase inhibitor remdesivir have been shown to be effective in reducing mortality and patient time to recovery, respectively, in patients. Here, we report the results of a phenotypic screening campaign within an EU-funded project (H2020-EXSCALATE4COV) aimed at extending the repertoire of anti-COVID therapeutics through repurposing of available compounds and highlighting compounds with new mechanisms of action against viral infection. We screened 8702 molecules from different repurposing libraries, to reveal 110 compounds with an anti-cytopathic IC50 < 20 µM. From this group, 18 with a safety index greater than 2 are also marketed drugs, making them suitable for further study as potential therapies against COVID-19. Our result supports the idea that a systematic approach to repurposing is a valid strategy to accelerate the necessary drug discovery process.
