Inhibition of glucan synthase in Aspergillus fumigatus R21
|
Aspergillus fumigatus
|
0.0037
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
Year : 2007
Volume : 51
Issue : 6
First Page : 2253
Last Page : 2256
Authors : Paderu P, Garcia-Effron G, Balashov S, Delmas G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Antifungal efficacies of the echinocandin drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were reduced significantly in the presence of 50% human serum, which yielded nearly equivalent MICs or minimum effective concentrations against diverse Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. Consistent with a direct drug interaction, serum decreased the sensitivity of glucan synthase to echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of glucan synthase in Aspergillus fumigatus R21 in presence of 10% human serum
|
Aspergillus fumigatus
|
0.0062
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
Year : 2007
Volume : 51
Issue : 6
First Page : 2253
Last Page : 2256
Authors : Paderu P, Garcia-Effron G, Balashov S, Delmas G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Antifungal efficacies of the echinocandin drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were reduced significantly in the presence of 50% human serum, which yielded nearly equivalent MICs or minimum effective concentrations against diverse Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. Consistent with a direct drug interaction, serum decreased the sensitivity of glucan synthase to echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of glucan synthase in Aspergillus fumigatus R21 in presence of 20% human serum
|
Aspergillus fumigatus
|
0.0103
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
Year : 2007
Volume : 51
Issue : 6
First Page : 2253
Last Page : 2256
Authors : Paderu P, Garcia-Effron G, Balashov S, Delmas G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Antifungal efficacies of the echinocandin drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were reduced significantly in the presence of 50% human serum, which yielded nearly equivalent MICs or minimum effective concentrations against diverse Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. Consistent with a direct drug interaction, serum decreased the sensitivity of glucan synthase to echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of glucan synthase in Aspergillus fumigatus R21 in presence of 50% human serum
|
Aspergillus fumigatus
|
0.0232
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
Year : 2007
Volume : 51
Issue : 6
First Page : 2253
Last Page : 2256
Authors : Paderu P, Garcia-Effron G, Balashov S, Delmas G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Antifungal efficacies of the echinocandin drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were reduced significantly in the presence of 50% human serum, which yielded nearly equivalent MICs or minimum effective concentrations against diverse Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. Consistent with a direct drug interaction, serum decreased the sensitivity of glucan synthase to echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of glucan synthase in Aspergillus fumigatus MF5668
|
Aspergillus fumigatus
|
0.0022
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
Year : 2007
Volume : 51
Issue : 6
First Page : 2253
Last Page : 2256
Authors : Paderu P, Garcia-Effron G, Balashov S, Delmas G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Antifungal efficacies of the echinocandin drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were reduced significantly in the presence of 50% human serum, which yielded nearly equivalent MICs or minimum effective concentrations against diverse Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. Consistent with a direct drug interaction, serum decreased the sensitivity of glucan synthase to echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of glucan synthase in Aspergillus fumigatus MF5668 in presence of 10% human serum
|
Aspergillus fumigatus
|
0.0032
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
Year : 2007
Volume : 51
Issue : 6
First Page : 2253
Last Page : 2256
Authors : Paderu P, Garcia-Effron G, Balashov S, Delmas G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Antifungal efficacies of the echinocandin drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were reduced significantly in the presence of 50% human serum, which yielded nearly equivalent MICs or minimum effective concentrations against diverse Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. Consistent with a direct drug interaction, serum decreased the sensitivity of glucan synthase to echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of glucan synthase in Aspergillus fumigatus MF5668 in presence of 20% human serum
|
Aspergillus fumigatus
|
0.0033
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
Year : 2007
Volume : 51
Issue : 6
First Page : 2253
Last Page : 2256
Authors : Paderu P, Garcia-Effron G, Balashov S, Delmas G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Antifungal efficacies of the echinocandin drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were reduced significantly in the presence of 50% human serum, which yielded nearly equivalent MICs or minimum effective concentrations against diverse Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. Consistent with a direct drug interaction, serum decreased the sensitivity of glucan synthase to echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of glucan synthase in Aspergillus fumigatus MF5668 in presence of 50% human serum
|
Aspergillus fumigatus
|
0.0076
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
Year : 2007
Volume : 51
Issue : 6
First Page : 2253
Last Page : 2256
Authors : Paderu P, Garcia-Effron G, Balashov S, Delmas G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Antifungal efficacies of the echinocandin drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were reduced significantly in the presence of 50% human serum, which yielded nearly equivalent MICs or minimum effective concentrations against diverse Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. Consistent with a direct drug interaction, serum decreased the sensitivity of glucan synthase to echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of glucan synthase in Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 13073
|
Aspergillus fumigatus
|
0.002
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
Year : 2007
Volume : 51
Issue : 6
First Page : 2253
Last Page : 2256
Authors : Paderu P, Garcia-Effron G, Balashov S, Delmas G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Antifungal efficacies of the echinocandin drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were reduced significantly in the presence of 50% human serum, which yielded nearly equivalent MICs or minimum effective concentrations against diverse Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. Consistent with a direct drug interaction, serum decreased the sensitivity of glucan synthase to echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of glucan synthase in Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 13073 in presence of 10% human serum
|
Aspergillus fumigatus
|
0.0047
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
Year : 2007
Volume : 51
Issue : 6
First Page : 2253
Last Page : 2256
Authors : Paderu P, Garcia-Effron G, Balashov S, Delmas G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Antifungal efficacies of the echinocandin drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were reduced significantly in the presence of 50% human serum, which yielded nearly equivalent MICs or minimum effective concentrations against diverse Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. Consistent with a direct drug interaction, serum decreased the sensitivity of glucan synthase to echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of glucan synthase in Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 13073 in presence of 20% human serum
|
Aspergillus fumigatus
|
0.0075
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
Year : 2007
Volume : 51
Issue : 6
First Page : 2253
Last Page : 2256
Authors : Paderu P, Garcia-Effron G, Balashov S, Delmas G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Antifungal efficacies of the echinocandin drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were reduced significantly in the presence of 50% human serum, which yielded nearly equivalent MICs or minimum effective concentrations against diverse Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. Consistent with a direct drug interaction, serum decreased the sensitivity of glucan synthase to echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of glucan synthase in Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 13073 in presence of 50% human serum
|
Aspergillus fumigatus
|
0.0098
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
Year : 2007
Volume : 51
Issue : 6
First Page : 2253
Last Page : 2256
Authors : Paderu P, Garcia-Effron G, Balashov S, Delmas G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Antifungal efficacies of the echinocandin drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were reduced significantly in the presence of 50% human serum, which yielded nearly equivalent MICs or minimum effective concentrations against diverse Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. Consistent with a direct drug interaction, serum decreased the sensitivity of glucan synthase to echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of glucan synthase in Candida albicans ATCC 90028
|
Candida albicans
|
0.018
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
Year : 2007
Volume : 51
Issue : 6
First Page : 2253
Last Page : 2256
Authors : Paderu P, Garcia-Effron G, Balashov S, Delmas G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Antifungal efficacies of the echinocandin drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were reduced significantly in the presence of 50% human serum, which yielded nearly equivalent MICs or minimum effective concentrations against diverse Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. Consistent with a direct drug interaction, serum decreased the sensitivity of glucan synthase to echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of glucan synthase in Candida albicans ATCC 90028 in presence of 10% human serum
|
Candida albicans
|
0.0284
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
Year : 2007
Volume : 51
Issue : 6
First Page : 2253
Last Page : 2256
Authors : Paderu P, Garcia-Effron G, Balashov S, Delmas G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Antifungal efficacies of the echinocandin drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were reduced significantly in the presence of 50% human serum, which yielded nearly equivalent MICs or minimum effective concentrations against diverse Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. Consistent with a direct drug interaction, serum decreased the sensitivity of glucan synthase to echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of glucan synthase in Candida albicans ATCC 90028 in presence of 20% human serum
|
Candida albicans
|
0.0501
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
Year : 2007
Volume : 51
Issue : 6
First Page : 2253
Last Page : 2256
Authors : Paderu P, Garcia-Effron G, Balashov S, Delmas G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Antifungal efficacies of the echinocandin drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were reduced significantly in the presence of 50% human serum, which yielded nearly equivalent MICs or minimum effective concentrations against diverse Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. Consistent with a direct drug interaction, serum decreased the sensitivity of glucan synthase to echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of glucan synthase in Candida albicans ATCC 90028 in presence of 50% human serum
|
Candida albicans
|
0.0902
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
Year : 2007
Volume : 51
Issue : 6
First Page : 2253
Last Page : 2256
Authors : Paderu P, Garcia-Effron G, Balashov S, Delmas G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Antifungal efficacies of the echinocandin drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were reduced significantly in the presence of 50% human serum, which yielded nearly equivalent MICs or minimum effective concentrations against diverse Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. Consistent with a direct drug interaction, serum decreased the sensitivity of glucan synthase to echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of glucan synthase in Candida albicans ATCC 36082
|
Candida albicans
|
0.0108
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
Year : 2007
Volume : 51
Issue : 6
First Page : 2253
Last Page : 2256
Authors : Paderu P, Garcia-Effron G, Balashov S, Delmas G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Antifungal efficacies of the echinocandin drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were reduced significantly in the presence of 50% human serum, which yielded nearly equivalent MICs or minimum effective concentrations against diverse Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. Consistent with a direct drug interaction, serum decreased the sensitivity of glucan synthase to echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of glucan synthase in Candida albicans ATCC 36082 in presence of 10% human serum
|
Candida albicans
|
0.0237
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
Year : 2007
Volume : 51
Issue : 6
First Page : 2253
Last Page : 2256
Authors : Paderu P, Garcia-Effron G, Balashov S, Delmas G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Antifungal efficacies of the echinocandin drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were reduced significantly in the presence of 50% human serum, which yielded nearly equivalent MICs or minimum effective concentrations against diverse Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. Consistent with a direct drug interaction, serum decreased the sensitivity of glucan synthase to echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of glucan synthase in Candida albicans ATCC 36082 in presence of 20% human serum
|
Candida albicans
|
0.0314
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
Year : 2007
Volume : 51
Issue : 6
First Page : 2253
Last Page : 2256
Authors : Paderu P, Garcia-Effron G, Balashov S, Delmas G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Antifungal efficacies of the echinocandin drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were reduced significantly in the presence of 50% human serum, which yielded nearly equivalent MICs or minimum effective concentrations against diverse Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. Consistent with a direct drug interaction, serum decreased the sensitivity of glucan synthase to echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of glucan synthase in Candida albicans ATCC 36082 in presence of 50% human serum
|
Candida albicans
|
0.057
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
Year : 2007
Volume : 51
Issue : 6
First Page : 2253
Last Page : 2256
Authors : Paderu P, Garcia-Effron G, Balashov S, Delmas G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Antifungal efficacies of the echinocandin drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were reduced significantly in the presence of 50% human serum, which yielded nearly equivalent MICs or minimum effective concentrations against diverse Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. Consistent with a direct drug interaction, serum decreased the sensitivity of glucan synthase to echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of glucan synthase in Candida albicans SC5314
|
Candida albicans
|
0.0269
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
Year : 2007
Volume : 51
Issue : 6
First Page : 2253
Last Page : 2256
Authors : Paderu P, Garcia-Effron G, Balashov S, Delmas G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Antifungal efficacies of the echinocandin drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were reduced significantly in the presence of 50% human serum, which yielded nearly equivalent MICs or minimum effective concentrations against diverse Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. Consistent with a direct drug interaction, serum decreased the sensitivity of glucan synthase to echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of glucan synthase in Candida albicans SC5314 in presence of 10% human serum
|
Candida albicans
|
0.0326
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
Year : 2007
Volume : 51
Issue : 6
First Page : 2253
Last Page : 2256
Authors : Paderu P, Garcia-Effron G, Balashov S, Delmas G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Antifungal efficacies of the echinocandin drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were reduced significantly in the presence of 50% human serum, which yielded nearly equivalent MICs or minimum effective concentrations against diverse Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. Consistent with a direct drug interaction, serum decreased the sensitivity of glucan synthase to echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of glucan synthase in Candida albicans SC5314 in presence of 20% human serum
|
Candida albicans
|
0.0506
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
Year : 2007
Volume : 51
Issue : 6
First Page : 2253
Last Page : 2256
Authors : Paderu P, Garcia-Effron G, Balashov S, Delmas G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Antifungal efficacies of the echinocandin drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were reduced significantly in the presence of 50% human serum, which yielded nearly equivalent MICs or minimum effective concentrations against diverse Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. Consistent with a direct drug interaction, serum decreased the sensitivity of glucan synthase to echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of glucan synthase in Candida albicans SC5314 in presence of 50% human serum
|
Candida albicans
|
0.0897
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Serum differentially alters the antifungal properties of echinocandin drugs.
Year : 2007
Volume : 51
Issue : 6
First Page : 2253
Last Page : 2256
Authors : Paderu P, Garcia-Effron G, Balashov S, Delmas G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Antifungal efficacies of the echinocandin drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were reduced significantly in the presence of 50% human serum, which yielded nearly equivalent MICs or minimum effective concentrations against diverse Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. Consistent with a direct drug interaction, serum decreased the sensitivity of glucan synthase to echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of wild-type 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase KU80delta from Aspergillus fumigatus assessed as incorporation of [3H]glucose
|
Aspergillus fumigatus
|
0.00063
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : A Ser678Pro substitution in Fks1p confers resistance to echinocandin drugs in Aspergillus fumigatus.
Year : 2007
Volume : 51
Issue : 11
First Page : 4174
Last Page : 4176
Authors : Rocha EM, Garcia-Effron G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : An S678P substitution in Fks1p, the major subunit of glucan synthase, was sufficient to confer echinocandin resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus. The equivalent mutation in Candida spp. has been implicated in echinocandin resistance. This work demonstrates that modification of Fks1p is a conserved mechanism for echinocandin resistance in pathogenic fungi.
Inhibition of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase EMFR-S678P mutant from Aspergillus fumigatus assessed as incorporation of [3H]glucose
|
Aspergillus fumigatus
|
0.01261
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : A Ser678Pro substitution in Fks1p confers resistance to echinocandin drugs in Aspergillus fumigatus.
Year : 2007
Volume : 51
Issue : 11
First Page : 4174
Last Page : 4176
Authors : Rocha EM, Garcia-Effron G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : An S678P substitution in Fks1p, the major subunit of glucan synthase, was sufficient to confer echinocandin resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus. The equivalent mutation in Candida spp. has been implicated in echinocandin resistance. This work demonstrates that modification of Fks1p is a conserved mechanism for echinocandin resistance in pathogenic fungi.
Inhibition of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase EMFR-S678P/WT mutant from Aspergillus fumigatus assessed as incorporation of [3H]glucose
|
Aspergillus fumigatus
|
0.0005
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : A Ser678Pro substitution in Fks1p confers resistance to echinocandin drugs in Aspergillus fumigatus.
Year : 2007
Volume : 51
Issue : 11
First Page : 4174
Last Page : 4176
Authors : Rocha EM, Garcia-Effron G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : An S678P substitution in Fks1p, the major subunit of glucan synthase, was sufficient to confer echinocandin resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus. The equivalent mutation in Candida spp. has been implicated in echinocandin resistance. This work demonstrates that modification of Fks1p is a conserved mechanism for echinocandin resistance in pathogenic fungi.
Inhibition of Candida tropicalis ATCC 750 wild type FKS
|
Candida tropicalis
|
0.007545
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Novel FKS mutations associated with echinocandin resistance in Candida species.
Year : 2010
Volume : 54
Issue : 5
First Page : 2225
Last Page : 2227
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Chua DJ, Tomada JR, DiPersio J, Perlin DS, Ghannoum M, Bonilla H.
Abstract : We studied three clinical isolates of Candida spp. (one C. tropicalis isolate and two C. glabrata isolates) from patients with invasive candidiasis. The first isolate emerged during echinocandin treatment, while the others emerged after the same treatment. These strains harbored an amino acid substitution in Fksp never linked before with reduced echinocandin susceptibility in C. tropicalis or in C. glabrata. The molecular mechanism of reduced susceptibility was confirmed using a 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase inhibition assay.
Inhibition of Candida tropicalis CT-C1 FKS1 T227C mutant
|
Candida tropicalis
|
0.4059
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Novel FKS mutations associated with echinocandin resistance in Candida species.
Year : 2010
Volume : 54
Issue : 5
First Page : 2225
Last Page : 2227
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Chua DJ, Tomada JR, DiPersio J, Perlin DS, Ghannoum M, Bonilla H.
Abstract : We studied three clinical isolates of Candida spp. (one C. tropicalis isolate and two C. glabrata isolates) from patients with invasive candidiasis. The first isolate emerged during echinocandin treatment, while the others emerged after the same treatment. These strains harbored an amino acid substitution in Fksp never linked before with reduced echinocandin susceptibility in C. tropicalis or in C. glabrata. The molecular mechanism of reduced susceptibility was confirmed using a 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase inhibition assay.
Inhibition of Candida glabrata ATCC 90030 wild type FKS
|
Candida glabrata
|
0.00071
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Novel FKS mutations associated with echinocandin resistance in Candida species.
Year : 2010
Volume : 54
Issue : 5
First Page : 2225
Last Page : 2227
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Chua DJ, Tomada JR, DiPersio J, Perlin DS, Ghannoum M, Bonilla H.
Abstract : We studied three clinical isolates of Candida spp. (one C. tropicalis isolate and two C. glabrata isolates) from patients with invasive candidiasis. The first isolate emerged during echinocandin treatment, while the others emerged after the same treatment. These strains harbored an amino acid substitution in Fksp never linked before with reduced echinocandin susceptibility in C. tropicalis or in C. glabrata. The molecular mechanism of reduced susceptibility was confirmed using a 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase inhibition assay.
Inhibition of Candida glabrata CG-C2 FKS1 T1885C mutant
|
Candida glabrata
|
15.14
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Novel FKS mutations associated with echinocandin resistance in Candida species.
Year : 2010
Volume : 54
Issue : 5
First Page : 2225
Last Page : 2227
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Chua DJ, Tomada JR, DiPersio J, Perlin DS, Ghannoum M, Bonilla H.
Abstract : We studied three clinical isolates of Candida spp. (one C. tropicalis isolate and two C. glabrata isolates) from patients with invasive candidiasis. The first isolate emerged during echinocandin treatment, while the others emerged after the same treatment. These strains harbored an amino acid substitution in Fksp never linked before with reduced echinocandin susceptibility in C. tropicalis or in C. glabrata. The molecular mechanism of reduced susceptibility was confirmed using a 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase inhibition assay.
Inhibition of Candida glabrata CG-C3 FKS2 T1987C mutant
|
Candida glabrata
|
11.42
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Novel FKS mutations associated with echinocandin resistance in Candida species.
Year : 2010
Volume : 54
Issue : 5
First Page : 2225
Last Page : 2227
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Chua DJ, Tomada JR, DiPersio J, Perlin DS, Ghannoum M, Bonilla H.
Abstract : We studied three clinical isolates of Candida spp. (one C. tropicalis isolate and two C. glabrata isolates) from patients with invasive candidiasis. The first isolate emerged during echinocandin treatment, while the others emerged after the same treatment. These strains harbored an amino acid substitution in Fksp never linked before with reduced echinocandin susceptibility in C. tropicalis or in C. glabrata. The molecular mechanism of reduced susceptibility was confirmed using a 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase inhibition assay.
Inhibition of Candida albicans ATCC 90028 wild type FKS
|
Candida albicans
|
0.0188
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Novel FKS mutations associated with echinocandin resistance in Candida species.
Year : 2010
Volume : 54
Issue : 5
First Page : 2225
Last Page : 2227
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Chua DJ, Tomada JR, DiPersio J, Perlin DS, Ghannoum M, Bonilla H.
Abstract : We studied three clinical isolates of Candida spp. (one C. tropicalis isolate and two C. glabrata isolates) from patients with invasive candidiasis. The first isolate emerged during echinocandin treatment, while the others emerged after the same treatment. These strains harbored an amino acid substitution in Fksp never linked before with reduced echinocandin susceptibility in C. tropicalis or in C. glabrata. The molecular mechanism of reduced susceptibility was confirmed using a 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase inhibition assay.
Inhibition of Candida albicans 177 FKS1 T1922C mutant
|
Candida albicans
|
1.435
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Novel FKS mutations associated with echinocandin resistance in Candida species.
Year : 2010
Volume : 54
Issue : 5
First Page : 2225
Last Page : 2227
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Chua DJ, Tomada JR, DiPersio J, Perlin DS, Ghannoum M, Bonilla H.
Abstract : We studied three clinical isolates of Candida spp. (one C. tropicalis isolate and two C. glabrata isolates) from patients with invasive candidiasis. The first isolate emerged during echinocandin treatment, while the others emerged after the same treatment. These strains harbored an amino acid substitution in Fksp never linked before with reduced echinocandin susceptibility in C. tropicalis or in C. glabrata. The molecular mechanism of reduced susceptibility was confirmed using a 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase inhibition assay.
Inhibition of Candida albicans 205 FKS1 T1933C mutant
|
Candida albicans
|
1.088
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Novel FKS mutations associated with echinocandin resistance in Candida species.
Year : 2010
Volume : 54
Issue : 5
First Page : 2225
Last Page : 2227
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Chua DJ, Tomada JR, DiPersio J, Perlin DS, Ghannoum M, Bonilla H.
Abstract : We studied three clinical isolates of Candida spp. (one C. tropicalis isolate and two C. glabrata isolates) from patients with invasive candidiasis. The first isolate emerged during echinocandin treatment, while the others emerged after the same treatment. These strains harbored an amino acid substitution in Fksp never linked before with reduced echinocandin susceptibility in C. tropicalis or in C. glabrata. The molecular mechanism of reduced susceptibility was confirmed using a 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase inhibition assay.
Inhibition of Candida tropicalis CT-C1 wild type FKS
|
Candida tropicalis
|
0.4014
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Novel FKS mutations associated with echinocandin resistance in Candida species.
Year : 2010
Volume : 54
Issue : 5
First Page : 2225
Last Page : 2227
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Chua DJ, Tomada JR, DiPersio J, Perlin DS, Ghannoum M, Bonilla H.
Abstract : We studied three clinical isolates of Candida spp. (one C. tropicalis isolate and two C. glabrata isolates) from patients with invasive candidiasis. The first isolate emerged during echinocandin treatment, while the others emerged after the same treatment. These strains harbored an amino acid substitution in Fksp never linked before with reduced echinocandin susceptibility in C. tropicalis or in C. glabrata. The molecular mechanism of reduced susceptibility was confirmed using a 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase inhibition assay.
Inhibition of Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 glucan synthase by assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation
|
Candida parapsilosis
|
0.2453
ug.mL-1
|
|
Inhibition of Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 glucan synthase by assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation
|
Candida parapsilosis
|
476.0
ng/ml
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
Year : 2008
Volume : 52
Issue : 7
First Page : 2305
Last Page : 2312
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Katiyar SK, Park S, Edlind TD, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Candida parapsilosis has emerged as a common cause of invasive fungal infection, especially in Latin America and in the neonatal setting. C. parapsilosis is part of a closely related group of organisms that includes the species Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis. All three species show elevated MICs for the new echinocandin class drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin relative to other Candida species. Despite potential impacts on therapy, the mechanism behind this reduced echinocandin susceptibility has not been determined. In this report, we investigated the role of a naturally occurring Pro-to-Ala substitution at amino acid position 660 (P660A), immediately distal to the highly conserved hot spot 1 region of Fks1p, in the reduced-echinocandin-susceptibility phenotype. Kinetic inhibition studies demonstrated that glucan synthase from the C. parapsilosis group was 1 to 2 logs less sensitive to echinocandin drugs than the reference enzyme from C. albicans. Furthermore, clinical isolates of C. albicans and C. glabrata which harbor mutations at this equivalent position also showed comparable 2-log decreases in target enzyme sensitivity, which correlated with increased MICs. These mutations also resulted in 2.4- to 18.8-fold-reduced V(max) values relative to those for the wild-type enzyme, consistent with kinetic parameters obtained for C. parapsilosis group enzymes. Finally, the importance of the P660A substitution for intrinsic resistance was confirmed by engineering an equivalent P647A mutation into Fks1p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The mutant glucan synthase displayed characteristic 2-log decreases in sensitivity to the echinocandin drugs. Overall, these data firmly indicate that a naturally occurring P660A substitution in Fks1p from the C. parapsilosis group accounts for the reduced susceptibility phenotype.
Inhibition of Candida parapsilosis H4 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation
|
Candida parapsilosis
|
0.3408
ug.mL-1
|
|
Inhibition of Candida parapsilosis H4 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation
|
Candida parapsilosis
|
486.0
ng/ml
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
Year : 2008
Volume : 52
Issue : 7
First Page : 2305
Last Page : 2312
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Katiyar SK, Park S, Edlind TD, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Candida parapsilosis has emerged as a common cause of invasive fungal infection, especially in Latin America and in the neonatal setting. C. parapsilosis is part of a closely related group of organisms that includes the species Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis. All three species show elevated MICs for the new echinocandin class drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin relative to other Candida species. Despite potential impacts on therapy, the mechanism behind this reduced echinocandin susceptibility has not been determined. In this report, we investigated the role of a naturally occurring Pro-to-Ala substitution at amino acid position 660 (P660A), immediately distal to the highly conserved hot spot 1 region of Fks1p, in the reduced-echinocandin-susceptibility phenotype. Kinetic inhibition studies demonstrated that glucan synthase from the C. parapsilosis group was 1 to 2 logs less sensitive to echinocandin drugs than the reference enzyme from C. albicans. Furthermore, clinical isolates of C. albicans and C. glabrata which harbor mutations at this equivalent position also showed comparable 2-log decreases in target enzyme sensitivity, which correlated with increased MICs. These mutations also resulted in 2.4- to 18.8-fold-reduced V(max) values relative to those for the wild-type enzyme, consistent with kinetic parameters obtained for C. parapsilosis group enzymes. Finally, the importance of the P660A substitution for intrinsic resistance was confirmed by engineering an equivalent P647A mutation into Fks1p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The mutant glucan synthase displayed characteristic 2-log decreases in sensitivity to the echinocandin drugs. Overall, these data firmly indicate that a naturally occurring P660A substitution in Fks1p from the C. parapsilosis group accounts for the reduced susceptibility phenotype.
Inhibition of Candida parapsilosis H5 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation
|
Candida parapsilosis
|
0.4936
ug.mL-1
|
|
Inhibition of Candida parapsilosis H5 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation
|
Candida parapsilosis
|
261.0
ng/ml
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
Year : 2008
Volume : 52
Issue : 7
First Page : 2305
Last Page : 2312
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Katiyar SK, Park S, Edlind TD, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Candida parapsilosis has emerged as a common cause of invasive fungal infection, especially in Latin America and in the neonatal setting. C. parapsilosis is part of a closely related group of organisms that includes the species Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis. All three species show elevated MICs for the new echinocandin class drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin relative to other Candida species. Despite potential impacts on therapy, the mechanism behind this reduced echinocandin susceptibility has not been determined. In this report, we investigated the role of a naturally occurring Pro-to-Ala substitution at amino acid position 660 (P660A), immediately distal to the highly conserved hot spot 1 region of Fks1p, in the reduced-echinocandin-susceptibility phenotype. Kinetic inhibition studies demonstrated that glucan synthase from the C. parapsilosis group was 1 to 2 logs less sensitive to echinocandin drugs than the reference enzyme from C. albicans. Furthermore, clinical isolates of C. albicans and C. glabrata which harbor mutations at this equivalent position also showed comparable 2-log decreases in target enzyme sensitivity, which correlated with increased MICs. These mutations also resulted in 2.4- to 18.8-fold-reduced V(max) values relative to those for the wild-type enzyme, consistent with kinetic parameters obtained for C. parapsilosis group enzymes. Finally, the importance of the P660A substitution for intrinsic resistance was confirmed by engineering an equivalent P647A mutation into Fks1p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The mutant glucan synthase displayed characteristic 2-log decreases in sensitivity to the echinocandin drugs. Overall, these data firmly indicate that a naturally occurring P660A substitution in Fks1p from the C. parapsilosis group accounts for the reduced susceptibility phenotype.
Inhibition of Candida orthopsilosis H10 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation
|
Candida orthopsilosis
|
0.1527
ug.mL-1
|
|
Inhibition of Candida orthopsilosis H10 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation
|
Candida orthopsilosis
|
177.5
ng/ml
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
Year : 2008
Volume : 52
Issue : 7
First Page : 2305
Last Page : 2312
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Katiyar SK, Park S, Edlind TD, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Candida parapsilosis has emerged as a common cause of invasive fungal infection, especially in Latin America and in the neonatal setting. C. parapsilosis is part of a closely related group of organisms that includes the species Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis. All three species show elevated MICs for the new echinocandin class drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin relative to other Candida species. Despite potential impacts on therapy, the mechanism behind this reduced echinocandin susceptibility has not been determined. In this report, we investigated the role of a naturally occurring Pro-to-Ala substitution at amino acid position 660 (P660A), immediately distal to the highly conserved hot spot 1 region of Fks1p, in the reduced-echinocandin-susceptibility phenotype. Kinetic inhibition studies demonstrated that glucan synthase from the C. parapsilosis group was 1 to 2 logs less sensitive to echinocandin drugs than the reference enzyme from C. albicans. Furthermore, clinical isolates of C. albicans and C. glabrata which harbor mutations at this equivalent position also showed comparable 2-log decreases in target enzyme sensitivity, which correlated with increased MICs. These mutations also resulted in 2.4- to 18.8-fold-reduced V(max) values relative to those for the wild-type enzyme, consistent with kinetic parameters obtained for C. parapsilosis group enzymes. Finally, the importance of the P660A substitution for intrinsic resistance was confirmed by engineering an equivalent P647A mutation into Fks1p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The mutant glucan synthase displayed characteristic 2-log decreases in sensitivity to the echinocandin drugs. Overall, these data firmly indicate that a naturally occurring P660A substitution in Fks1p from the C. parapsilosis group accounts for the reduced susceptibility phenotype.
Inhibition of Candida orthopsilosis 981224 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation
|
Candida orthopsilosis
|
0.07752
ug.mL-1
|
|
Inhibition of Candida orthopsilosis 981224 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation
|
Candida orthopsilosis
|
248.0
ng/ml
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
Year : 2008
Volume : 52
Issue : 7
First Page : 2305
Last Page : 2312
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Katiyar SK, Park S, Edlind TD, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Candida parapsilosis has emerged as a common cause of invasive fungal infection, especially in Latin America and in the neonatal setting. C. parapsilosis is part of a closely related group of organisms that includes the species Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis. All three species show elevated MICs for the new echinocandin class drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin relative to other Candida species. Despite potential impacts on therapy, the mechanism behind this reduced echinocandin susceptibility has not been determined. In this report, we investigated the role of a naturally occurring Pro-to-Ala substitution at amino acid position 660 (P660A), immediately distal to the highly conserved hot spot 1 region of Fks1p, in the reduced-echinocandin-susceptibility phenotype. Kinetic inhibition studies demonstrated that glucan synthase from the C. parapsilosis group was 1 to 2 logs less sensitive to echinocandin drugs than the reference enzyme from C. albicans. Furthermore, clinical isolates of C. albicans and C. glabrata which harbor mutations at this equivalent position also showed comparable 2-log decreases in target enzyme sensitivity, which correlated with increased MICs. These mutations also resulted in 2.4- to 18.8-fold-reduced V(max) values relative to those for the wild-type enzyme, consistent with kinetic parameters obtained for C. parapsilosis group enzymes. Finally, the importance of the P660A substitution for intrinsic resistance was confirmed by engineering an equivalent P647A mutation into Fks1p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The mutant glucan synthase displayed characteristic 2-log decreases in sensitivity to the echinocandin drugs. Overall, these data firmly indicate that a naturally occurring P660A substitution in Fks1p from the C. parapsilosis group accounts for the reduced susceptibility phenotype.
Inhibition of Candida metapsilosis am-2006-0113 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation
|
Candida metapsilosis
|
0.07032
ug.mL-1
|
|
Inhibition of Candida metapsilosis am-2006-0113 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation
|
Candida metapsilosis
|
266.0
ng/ml
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
Year : 2008
Volume : 52
Issue : 7
First Page : 2305
Last Page : 2312
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Katiyar SK, Park S, Edlind TD, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Candida parapsilosis has emerged as a common cause of invasive fungal infection, especially in Latin America and in the neonatal setting. C. parapsilosis is part of a closely related group of organisms that includes the species Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis. All three species show elevated MICs for the new echinocandin class drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin relative to other Candida species. Despite potential impacts on therapy, the mechanism behind this reduced echinocandin susceptibility has not been determined. In this report, we investigated the role of a naturally occurring Pro-to-Ala substitution at amino acid position 660 (P660A), immediately distal to the highly conserved hot spot 1 region of Fks1p, in the reduced-echinocandin-susceptibility phenotype. Kinetic inhibition studies demonstrated that glucan synthase from the C. parapsilosis group was 1 to 2 logs less sensitive to echinocandin drugs than the reference enzyme from C. albicans. Furthermore, clinical isolates of C. albicans and C. glabrata which harbor mutations at this equivalent position also showed comparable 2-log decreases in target enzyme sensitivity, which correlated with increased MICs. These mutations also resulted in 2.4- to 18.8-fold-reduced V(max) values relative to those for the wild-type enzyme, consistent with kinetic parameters obtained for C. parapsilosis group enzymes. Finally, the importance of the P660A substitution for intrinsic resistance was confirmed by engineering an equivalent P647A mutation into Fks1p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The mutant glucan synthase displayed characteristic 2-log decreases in sensitivity to the echinocandin drugs. Overall, these data firmly indicate that a naturally occurring P660A substitution in Fks1p from the C. parapsilosis group accounts for the reduced susceptibility phenotype.
Inhibition of Candida metapsilosis 960161 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation
|
Candida metapsilosis
|
0.1137
ug.mL-1
|
|
Inhibition of Candida metapsilosis 960161 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation
|
Candida metapsilosis
|
382.5
ng/ml
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
Year : 2008
Volume : 52
Issue : 7
First Page : 2305
Last Page : 2312
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Katiyar SK, Park S, Edlind TD, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Candida parapsilosis has emerged as a common cause of invasive fungal infection, especially in Latin America and in the neonatal setting. C. parapsilosis is part of a closely related group of organisms that includes the species Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis. All three species show elevated MICs for the new echinocandin class drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin relative to other Candida species. Despite potential impacts on therapy, the mechanism behind this reduced echinocandin susceptibility has not been determined. In this report, we investigated the role of a naturally occurring Pro-to-Ala substitution at amino acid position 660 (P660A), immediately distal to the highly conserved hot spot 1 region of Fks1p, in the reduced-echinocandin-susceptibility phenotype. Kinetic inhibition studies demonstrated that glucan synthase from the C. parapsilosis group was 1 to 2 logs less sensitive to echinocandin drugs than the reference enzyme from C. albicans. Furthermore, clinical isolates of C. albicans and C. glabrata which harbor mutations at this equivalent position also showed comparable 2-log decreases in target enzyme sensitivity, which correlated with increased MICs. These mutations also resulted in 2.4- to 18.8-fold-reduced V(max) values relative to those for the wild-type enzyme, consistent with kinetic parameters obtained for C. parapsilosis group enzymes. Finally, the importance of the P660A substitution for intrinsic resistance was confirmed by engineering an equivalent P647A mutation into Fks1p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The mutant glucan synthase displayed characteristic 2-log decreases in sensitivity to the echinocandin drugs. Overall, these data firmly indicate that a naturally occurring P660A substitution in Fks1p from the C. parapsilosis group accounts for the reduced susceptibility phenotype.
Inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation
|
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
|
0.1594
ug.mL-1
|
|
Inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation
|
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
|
179.01
ng/ml
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
Year : 2008
Volume : 52
Issue : 7
First Page : 2305
Last Page : 2312
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Katiyar SK, Park S, Edlind TD, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Candida parapsilosis has emerged as a common cause of invasive fungal infection, especially in Latin America and in the neonatal setting. C. parapsilosis is part of a closely related group of organisms that includes the species Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis. All three species show elevated MICs for the new echinocandin class drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin relative to other Candida species. Despite potential impacts on therapy, the mechanism behind this reduced echinocandin susceptibility has not been determined. In this report, we investigated the role of a naturally occurring Pro-to-Ala substitution at amino acid position 660 (P660A), immediately distal to the highly conserved hot spot 1 region of Fks1p, in the reduced-echinocandin-susceptibility phenotype. Kinetic inhibition studies demonstrated that glucan synthase from the C. parapsilosis group was 1 to 2 logs less sensitive to echinocandin drugs than the reference enzyme from C. albicans. Furthermore, clinical isolates of C. albicans and C. glabrata which harbor mutations at this equivalent position also showed comparable 2-log decreases in target enzyme sensitivity, which correlated with increased MICs. These mutations also resulted in 2.4- to 18.8-fold-reduced V(max) values relative to those for the wild-type enzyme, consistent with kinetic parameters obtained for C. parapsilosis group enzymes. Finally, the importance of the P660A substitution for intrinsic resistance was confirmed by engineering an equivalent P647A mutation into Fks1p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The mutant glucan synthase displayed characteristic 2-log decreases in sensitivity to the echinocandin drugs. Overall, these data firmly indicate that a naturally occurring P660A substitution in Fks1p from the C. parapsilosis group accounts for the reduced susceptibility phenotype.
Inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742-FKS1P649A mutant glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation
|
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
|
5.199
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
Year : 2008
Volume : 52
Issue : 7
First Page : 2305
Last Page : 2312
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Katiyar SK, Park S, Edlind TD, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Candida parapsilosis has emerged as a common cause of invasive fungal infection, especially in Latin America and in the neonatal setting. C. parapsilosis is part of a closely related group of organisms that includes the species Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis. All three species show elevated MICs for the new echinocandin class drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin relative to other Candida species. Despite potential impacts on therapy, the mechanism behind this reduced echinocandin susceptibility has not been determined. In this report, we investigated the role of a naturally occurring Pro-to-Ala substitution at amino acid position 660 (P660A), immediately distal to the highly conserved hot spot 1 region of Fks1p, in the reduced-echinocandin-susceptibility phenotype. Kinetic inhibition studies demonstrated that glucan synthase from the C. parapsilosis group was 1 to 2 logs less sensitive to echinocandin drugs than the reference enzyme from C. albicans. Furthermore, clinical isolates of C. albicans and C. glabrata which harbor mutations at this equivalent position also showed comparable 2-log decreases in target enzyme sensitivity, which correlated with increased MICs. These mutations also resulted in 2.4- to 18.8-fold-reduced V(max) values relative to those for the wild-type enzyme, consistent with kinetic parameters obtained for C. parapsilosis group enzymes. Finally, the importance of the P660A substitution for intrinsic resistance was confirmed by engineering an equivalent P647A mutation into Fks1p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The mutant glucan synthase displayed characteristic 2-log decreases in sensitivity to the echinocandin drugs. Overall, these data firmly indicate that a naturally occurring P660A substitution in Fks1p from the C. parapsilosis group accounts for the reduced susceptibility phenotype.
Inhibition of FKS1 deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation
|
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
|
27.47
ng/ml
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
Year : 2008
Volume : 52
Issue : 7
First Page : 2305
Last Page : 2312
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Katiyar SK, Park S, Edlind TD, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Candida parapsilosis has emerged as a common cause of invasive fungal infection, especially in Latin America and in the neonatal setting. C. parapsilosis is part of a closely related group of organisms that includes the species Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis. All three species show elevated MICs for the new echinocandin class drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin relative to other Candida species. Despite potential impacts on therapy, the mechanism behind this reduced echinocandin susceptibility has not been determined. In this report, we investigated the role of a naturally occurring Pro-to-Ala substitution at amino acid position 660 (P660A), immediately distal to the highly conserved hot spot 1 region of Fks1p, in the reduced-echinocandin-susceptibility phenotype. Kinetic inhibition studies demonstrated that glucan synthase from the C. parapsilosis group was 1 to 2 logs less sensitive to echinocandin drugs than the reference enzyme from C. albicans. Furthermore, clinical isolates of C. albicans and C. glabrata which harbor mutations at this equivalent position also showed comparable 2-log decreases in target enzyme sensitivity, which correlated with increased MICs. These mutations also resulted in 2.4- to 18.8-fold-reduced V(max) values relative to those for the wild-type enzyme, consistent with kinetic parameters obtained for C. parapsilosis group enzymes. Finally, the importance of the P660A substitution for intrinsic resistance was confirmed by engineering an equivalent P647A mutation into Fks1p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The mutant glucan synthase displayed characteristic 2-log decreases in sensitivity to the echinocandin drugs. Overall, these data firmly indicate that a naturally occurring P660A substitution in Fks1p from the C. parapsilosis group accounts for the reduced susceptibility phenotype.
Inhibition of Candida albicans Sc5314 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation
|
Candida albicans
|
0.05825
ug.mL-1
|
|
Inhibition of Candida albicans Sc5314 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation
|
Candida albicans
|
23.53
ng/ml
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
Year : 2008
Volume : 52
Issue : 7
First Page : 2305
Last Page : 2312
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Katiyar SK, Park S, Edlind TD, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Candida parapsilosis has emerged as a common cause of invasive fungal infection, especially in Latin America and in the neonatal setting. C. parapsilosis is part of a closely related group of organisms that includes the species Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis. All three species show elevated MICs for the new echinocandin class drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin relative to other Candida species. Despite potential impacts on therapy, the mechanism behind this reduced echinocandin susceptibility has not been determined. In this report, we investigated the role of a naturally occurring Pro-to-Ala substitution at amino acid position 660 (P660A), immediately distal to the highly conserved hot spot 1 region of Fks1p, in the reduced-echinocandin-susceptibility phenotype. Kinetic inhibition studies demonstrated that glucan synthase from the C. parapsilosis group was 1 to 2 logs less sensitive to echinocandin drugs than the reference enzyme from C. albicans. Furthermore, clinical isolates of C. albicans and C. glabrata which harbor mutations at this equivalent position also showed comparable 2-log decreases in target enzyme sensitivity, which correlated with increased MICs. These mutations also resulted in 2.4- to 18.8-fold-reduced V(max) values relative to those for the wild-type enzyme, consistent with kinetic parameters obtained for C. parapsilosis group enzymes. Finally, the importance of the P660A substitution for intrinsic resistance was confirmed by engineering an equivalent P647A mutation into Fks1p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The mutant glucan synthase displayed characteristic 2-log decreases in sensitivity to the echinocandin drugs. Overall, these data firmly indicate that a naturally occurring P660A substitution in Fks1p from the C. parapsilosis group accounts for the reduced susceptibility phenotype.
Inhibition of Candida albicans ATCC 90028 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation
|
Candida albicans
|
0.0102
ug.mL-1
|
|
Inhibition of Candida albicans ATCC 90028 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation
|
Candida albicans
|
15.47
ng/ml
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
Year : 2008
Volume : 52
Issue : 7
First Page : 2305
Last Page : 2312
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Katiyar SK, Park S, Edlind TD, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Candida parapsilosis has emerged as a common cause of invasive fungal infection, especially in Latin America and in the neonatal setting. C. parapsilosis is part of a closely related group of organisms that includes the species Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis. All three species show elevated MICs for the new echinocandin class drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin relative to other Candida species. Despite potential impacts on therapy, the mechanism behind this reduced echinocandin susceptibility has not been determined. In this report, we investigated the role of a naturally occurring Pro-to-Ala substitution at amino acid position 660 (P660A), immediately distal to the highly conserved hot spot 1 region of Fks1p, in the reduced-echinocandin-susceptibility phenotype. Kinetic inhibition studies demonstrated that glucan synthase from the C. parapsilosis group was 1 to 2 logs less sensitive to echinocandin drugs than the reference enzyme from C. albicans. Furthermore, clinical isolates of C. albicans and C. glabrata which harbor mutations at this equivalent position also showed comparable 2-log decreases in target enzyme sensitivity, which correlated with increased MICs. These mutations also resulted in 2.4- to 18.8-fold-reduced V(max) values relative to those for the wild-type enzyme, consistent with kinetic parameters obtained for C. parapsilosis group enzymes. Finally, the importance of the P660A substitution for intrinsic resistance was confirmed by engineering an equivalent P647A mutation into Fks1p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The mutant glucan synthase displayed characteristic 2-log decreases in sensitivity to the echinocandin drugs. Overall, these data firmly indicate that a naturally occurring P660A substitution in Fks1p from the C. parapsilosis group accounts for the reduced susceptibility phenotype.
Inhibition of Candida albicans ATCC 36082 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation
|
Candida albicans
|
0.01888
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
Year : 2008
Volume : 52
Issue : 7
First Page : 2305
Last Page : 2312
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Katiyar SK, Park S, Edlind TD, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Candida parapsilosis has emerged as a common cause of invasive fungal infection, especially in Latin America and in the neonatal setting. C. parapsilosis is part of a closely related group of organisms that includes the species Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis. All three species show elevated MICs for the new echinocandin class drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin relative to other Candida species. Despite potential impacts on therapy, the mechanism behind this reduced echinocandin susceptibility has not been determined. In this report, we investigated the role of a naturally occurring Pro-to-Ala substitution at amino acid position 660 (P660A), immediately distal to the highly conserved hot spot 1 region of Fks1p, in the reduced-echinocandin-susceptibility phenotype. Kinetic inhibition studies demonstrated that glucan synthase from the C. parapsilosis group was 1 to 2 logs less sensitive to echinocandin drugs than the reference enzyme from C. albicans. Furthermore, clinical isolates of C. albicans and C. glabrata which harbor mutations at this equivalent position also showed comparable 2-log decreases in target enzyme sensitivity, which correlated with increased MICs. These mutations also resulted in 2.4- to 18.8-fold-reduced V(max) values relative to those for the wild-type enzyme, consistent with kinetic parameters obtained for C. parapsilosis group enzymes. Finally, the importance of the P660A substitution for intrinsic resistance was confirmed by engineering an equivalent P647A mutation into Fks1p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The mutant glucan synthase displayed characteristic 2-log decreases in sensitivity to the echinocandin drugs. Overall, these data firmly indicate that a naturally occurring P660A substitution in Fks1p from the C. parapsilosis group accounts for the reduced susceptibility phenotype.
Inhibition of Candida albicans M122 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation
|
Candida albicans
|
0.9431
ug.mL-1
|
|
Inhibition of Candida albicans M122 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation
|
Candida albicans
|
1.13
ng/ml
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
Year : 2008
Volume : 52
Issue : 7
First Page : 2305
Last Page : 2312
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Katiyar SK, Park S, Edlind TD, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Candida parapsilosis has emerged as a common cause of invasive fungal infection, especially in Latin America and in the neonatal setting. C. parapsilosis is part of a closely related group of organisms that includes the species Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis. All three species show elevated MICs for the new echinocandin class drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin relative to other Candida species. Despite potential impacts on therapy, the mechanism behind this reduced echinocandin susceptibility has not been determined. In this report, we investigated the role of a naturally occurring Pro-to-Ala substitution at amino acid position 660 (P660A), immediately distal to the highly conserved hot spot 1 region of Fks1p, in the reduced-echinocandin-susceptibility phenotype. Kinetic inhibition studies demonstrated that glucan synthase from the C. parapsilosis group was 1 to 2 logs less sensitive to echinocandin drugs than the reference enzyme from C. albicans. Furthermore, clinical isolates of C. albicans and C. glabrata which harbor mutations at this equivalent position also showed comparable 2-log decreases in target enzyme sensitivity, which correlated with increased MICs. These mutations also resulted in 2.4- to 18.8-fold-reduced V(max) values relative to those for the wild-type enzyme, consistent with kinetic parameters obtained for C. parapsilosis group enzymes. Finally, the importance of the P660A substitution for intrinsic resistance was confirmed by engineering an equivalent P647A mutation into Fks1p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The mutant glucan synthase displayed characteristic 2-log decreases in sensitivity to the echinocandin drugs. Overall, these data firmly indicate that a naturally occurring P660A substitution in Fks1p from the C. parapsilosis group accounts for the reduced susceptibility phenotype.
Inhibition of Candida glabrata ATCC 90030 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation
|
Candida glabrata
|
0.00068
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
Year : 2008
Volume : 52
Issue : 7
First Page : 2305
Last Page : 2312
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Katiyar SK, Park S, Edlind TD, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Candida parapsilosis has emerged as a common cause of invasive fungal infection, especially in Latin America and in the neonatal setting. C. parapsilosis is part of a closely related group of organisms that includes the species Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis. All three species show elevated MICs for the new echinocandin class drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin relative to other Candida species. Despite potential impacts on therapy, the mechanism behind this reduced echinocandin susceptibility has not been determined. In this report, we investigated the role of a naturally occurring Pro-to-Ala substitution at amino acid position 660 (P660A), immediately distal to the highly conserved hot spot 1 region of Fks1p, in the reduced-echinocandin-susceptibility phenotype. Kinetic inhibition studies demonstrated that glucan synthase from the C. parapsilosis group was 1 to 2 logs less sensitive to echinocandin drugs than the reference enzyme from C. albicans. Furthermore, clinical isolates of C. albicans and C. glabrata which harbor mutations at this equivalent position also showed comparable 2-log decreases in target enzyme sensitivity, which correlated with increased MICs. These mutations also resulted in 2.4- to 18.8-fold-reduced V(max) values relative to those for the wild-type enzyme, consistent with kinetic parameters obtained for C. parapsilosis group enzymes. Finally, the importance of the P660A substitution for intrinsic resistance was confirmed by engineering an equivalent P647A mutation into Fks1p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The mutant glucan synthase displayed characteristic 2-log decreases in sensitivity to the echinocandin drugs. Overall, these data firmly indicate that a naturally occurring P660A substitution in Fks1p from the C. parapsilosis group accounts for the reduced susceptibility phenotype.
Inhibition of Candida glabrata T51916 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation
|
Candida glabrata
|
0.1123
ug.mL-1
|
|
Inhibition of Candida glabrata T51916 glucan synthase assessed as [3H]UDPG incorporation
|
Candida glabrata
|
510.0
ng/ml
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : A naturally occurring proline-to-alanine amino acid change in Fks1p in Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis accounts for reduced echinocandin susceptibility.
Year : 2008
Volume : 52
Issue : 7
First Page : 2305
Last Page : 2312
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Katiyar SK, Park S, Edlind TD, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Candida parapsilosis has emerged as a common cause of invasive fungal infection, especially in Latin America and in the neonatal setting. C. parapsilosis is part of a closely related group of organisms that includes the species Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis. All three species show elevated MICs for the new echinocandin class drugs caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin relative to other Candida species. Despite potential impacts on therapy, the mechanism behind this reduced echinocandin susceptibility has not been determined. In this report, we investigated the role of a naturally occurring Pro-to-Ala substitution at amino acid position 660 (P660A), immediately distal to the highly conserved hot spot 1 region of Fks1p, in the reduced-echinocandin-susceptibility phenotype. Kinetic inhibition studies demonstrated that glucan synthase from the C. parapsilosis group was 1 to 2 logs less sensitive to echinocandin drugs than the reference enzyme from C. albicans. Furthermore, clinical isolates of C. albicans and C. glabrata which harbor mutations at this equivalent position also showed comparable 2-log decreases in target enzyme sensitivity, which correlated with increased MICs. These mutations also resulted in 2.4- to 18.8-fold-reduced V(max) values relative to those for the wild-type enzyme, consistent with kinetic parameters obtained for C. parapsilosis group enzymes. Finally, the importance of the P660A substitution for intrinsic resistance was confirmed by engineering an equivalent P647A mutation into Fks1p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The mutant glucan synthase displayed characteristic 2-log decreases in sensitivity to the echinocandin drugs. Overall, these data firmly indicate that a naturally occurring P660A substitution in Fks1p from the C. parapsilosis group accounts for the reduced susceptibility phenotype.
Inhibition of Candida tropicalis ATCC 750 glucan synthase subunit FKS1p at monophasic kinetics
|
Candida tropicalis
|
0.007545
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Caspofungin-resistant Candida tropicalis strains causing breakthrough fungemia in patients at high risk for hematologic malignancies.
Year : 2008
Volume : 52
Issue : 11
First Page : 4181
Last Page : 4183
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Kontoyiannis DP, Lewis RE, Perlin DS.
Abstract : We identified three cases of C. tropicalis strains causing breakthrough fungemia in allogeneic stem cell recipients receiving caspofungin prophylaxis and treatment. Three genetically unrelated isolates with high echinocandin MICs were identified. Each strain carried a characteristic mutation conferring an amino acid substitution within Fks1p hot spot 1.
Inhibition of Candida tropicalis T7 blood stream isolate glucan synthase subunit FKS1p at monophasic kinetics
|
Candida tropicalis
|
0.006168
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Caspofungin-resistant Candida tropicalis strains causing breakthrough fungemia in patients at high risk for hematologic malignancies.
Year : 2008
Volume : 52
Issue : 11
First Page : 4181
Last Page : 4183
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Kontoyiannis DP, Lewis RE, Perlin DS.
Abstract : We identified three cases of C. tropicalis strains causing breakthrough fungemia in allogeneic stem cell recipients receiving caspofungin prophylaxis and treatment. Three genetically unrelated isolates with high echinocandin MICs were identified. Each strain carried a characteristic mutation conferring an amino acid substitution within Fks1p hot spot 1.
Inhibition of Candida tropicalis T3 blood stream isolate glucan synthase subunit FKS1p with FLTLS/PLRDP mutant at monophasic kinetics
|
Candida tropicalis
|
0.000149
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Caspofungin-resistant Candida tropicalis strains causing breakthrough fungemia in patients at high risk for hematologic malignancies.
Year : 2008
Volume : 52
Issue : 11
First Page : 4181
Last Page : 4183
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Kontoyiannis DP, Lewis RE, Perlin DS.
Abstract : We identified three cases of C. tropicalis strains causing breakthrough fungemia in allogeneic stem cell recipients receiving caspofungin prophylaxis and treatment. Three genetically unrelated isolates with high echinocandin MICs were identified. Each strain carried a characteristic mutation conferring an amino acid substitution within Fks1p hot spot 1.
Inhibition of Candida tropicalis T3 blood stream isolate glucan synthase subunit FKS1p with FLTLS/PLRDP mutant at biphasic kinetics
|
Candida tropicalis
|
0.2898
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Caspofungin-resistant Candida tropicalis strains causing breakthrough fungemia in patients at high risk for hematologic malignancies.
Year : 2008
Volume : 52
Issue : 11
First Page : 4181
Last Page : 4183
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Kontoyiannis DP, Lewis RE, Perlin DS.
Abstract : We identified three cases of C. tropicalis strains causing breakthrough fungemia in allogeneic stem cell recipients receiving caspofungin prophylaxis and treatment. Three genetically unrelated isolates with high echinocandin MICs were identified. Each strain carried a characteristic mutation conferring an amino acid substitution within Fks1p hot spot 1.
Inhibition of Candida tropicalis T19 blood stream isolate glucan synthase subunit FKS1p with FLTLS/PLRDP mutant at monophasic kinetics
|
Candida tropicalis
|
0.000217
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Caspofungin-resistant Candida tropicalis strains causing breakthrough fungemia in patients at high risk for hematologic malignancies.
Year : 2008
Volume : 52
Issue : 11
First Page : 4181
Last Page : 4183
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Kontoyiannis DP, Lewis RE, Perlin DS.
Abstract : We identified three cases of C. tropicalis strains causing breakthrough fungemia in allogeneic stem cell recipients receiving caspofungin prophylaxis and treatment. Three genetically unrelated isolates with high echinocandin MICs were identified. Each strain carried a characteristic mutation conferring an amino acid substitution within Fks1p hot spot 1.
Inhibition of Candida tropicalis T19 blood stream isolate glucan synthase subunit FKS1p with FLTLS/PLRDP mutant at biphasic kinetics
|
Candida tropicalis
|
0.2838
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Caspofungin-resistant Candida tropicalis strains causing breakthrough fungemia in patients at high risk for hematologic malignancies.
Year : 2008
Volume : 52
Issue : 11
First Page : 4181
Last Page : 4183
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Kontoyiannis DP, Lewis RE, Perlin DS.
Abstract : We identified three cases of C. tropicalis strains causing breakthrough fungemia in allogeneic stem cell recipients receiving caspofungin prophylaxis and treatment. Three genetically unrelated isolates with high echinocandin MICs were identified. Each strain carried a characteristic mutation conferring an amino acid substitution within Fks1p hot spot 1.
Inhibition of Candida tropicalis T26 blood stream isolate glucan synthase subunit FKS1p with LLTLSLRDP mutant at monophasic kinetics
|
Candida tropicalis
|
0.07566
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Caspofungin-resistant Candida tropicalis strains causing breakthrough fungemia in patients at high risk for hematologic malignancies.
Year : 2008
Volume : 52
Issue : 11
First Page : 4181
Last Page : 4183
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Kontoyiannis DP, Lewis RE, Perlin DS.
Abstract : We identified three cases of C. tropicalis strains causing breakthrough fungemia in allogeneic stem cell recipients receiving caspofungin prophylaxis and treatment. Three genetically unrelated isolates with high echinocandin MICs were identified. Each strain carried a characteristic mutation conferring an amino acid substitution within Fks1p hot spot 1.
Inhibition of Candida albicans ATCC 90028 glucan synthase at monophasic kinetics
|
Candida albicans
|
0.0188
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Caspofungin-resistant Candida tropicalis strains causing breakthrough fungemia in patients at high risk for hematologic malignancies.
Year : 2008
Volume : 52
Issue : 11
First Page : 4181
Last Page : 4183
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Kontoyiannis DP, Lewis RE, Perlin DS.
Abstract : We identified three cases of C. tropicalis strains causing breakthrough fungemia in allogeneic stem cell recipients receiving caspofungin prophylaxis and treatment. Three genetically unrelated isolates with high echinocandin MICs were identified. Each strain carried a characteristic mutation conferring an amino acid substitution within Fks1p hot spot 1.
Inhibition of Candida albicans 205 glucan synthase subunit FKS1p FLTLPLRDP mutant at monophasic kinetics
|
Candida albicans
|
1.085
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Caspofungin-resistant Candida tropicalis strains causing breakthrough fungemia in patients at high risk for hematologic malignancies.
Year : 2008
Volume : 52
Issue : 11
First Page : 4181
Last Page : 4183
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Kontoyiannis DP, Lewis RE, Perlin DS.
Abstract : We identified three cases of C. tropicalis strains causing breakthrough fungemia in allogeneic stem cell recipients receiving caspofungin prophylaxis and treatment. Three genetically unrelated isolates with high echinocandin MICs were identified. Each strain carried a characteristic mutation conferring an amino acid substitution within Fks1p hot spot 1.
Inhibition of Candida albicans SC5314 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p
|
Candida albicans SC5314
|
0.0582
ug.mL-1
|
|
Inhibition of Candida albicans SC5314 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p
|
Candida albicans SC5314
|
27.47
ng/ml
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
Year : 2009
Volume : 53
Issue : 1
First Page : 112
Last Page : 122
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : A detailed kinetic characterization of echinocandin inhibition was performed for mutant 1,3-beta-d-glucan synthase enzymes from clinical isolates of Candida albicans with nine different FKS1 mutations resulting in high MICs. Among 14 mutant Fks1p enzymes studied, the kinetic parameters 50% inhibitory concentration and K(i) increased 50-fold to several thousandfold relative to those for the wild type. Enzymes with mutations at Ser645 (S645P, S645Y, and S645F) within hot spot 1 showed the most prominent decrease in sensitivity, while those with mutations at the N- and C-terminal ends of hot spot 1 generally retained greater sensitivity to all three drugs. Kinetic inhibitions by caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were comparable among the fks1 mutant enzymes, although absolute values did vary with specific mutations. Amino acid substitutions in Fks1p did not alter K(m) values, although some mutations decreased the V(max). Given the association of FKS1 mutations with clinical resistance, an evaluation of the kinetic parameters for the inhibition of mutant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase as a function of the MIC enabled an independent evaluation of the recently adopted susceptibility breakpoint for echinocandin drugs. Overall, a breakpoint MIC of >or=2 microg/ml for caspofungin captured nearly 100% of fks1 C. albicans strains when a kinetic inhibition rise threshold of <or=50-fold for the K(i) was used as a measure of susceptibility. A similar MIC breakpoint for micafungin and anidulafungin was less inclusive, and a projected MIC of >or=0.5 microg/ml was required for >95% coverage of clinical isolates. However, when MIC determinations were performed in the presence of 50% serum, all fks1 mutants showed MIC values of >or=2 microg/ml for the three echinocandin drugs. The 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase kinetic inhibition data support the proposed susceptibility breakpoint for caspofungin in C. albicans, but a lower susceptibility breakpoint (<or=0.5 microg/ml) may be more appropriate for anidulafungin and micafungin. Overall, the data indicate that MIC testing with caspofungin may serve as a surrogate marker for resistance among the class of echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of Candida albicans 36082 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p
|
Candida albicans
|
0.0102
ug.mL-1
|
|
Inhibition of Candida albicans 36082 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p
|
Candida albicans
|
23.53
ng/ml
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
Year : 2009
Volume : 53
Issue : 1
First Page : 112
Last Page : 122
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : A detailed kinetic characterization of echinocandin inhibition was performed for mutant 1,3-beta-d-glucan synthase enzymes from clinical isolates of Candida albicans with nine different FKS1 mutations resulting in high MICs. Among 14 mutant Fks1p enzymes studied, the kinetic parameters 50% inhibitory concentration and K(i) increased 50-fold to several thousandfold relative to those for the wild type. Enzymes with mutations at Ser645 (S645P, S645Y, and S645F) within hot spot 1 showed the most prominent decrease in sensitivity, while those with mutations at the N- and C-terminal ends of hot spot 1 generally retained greater sensitivity to all three drugs. Kinetic inhibitions by caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were comparable among the fks1 mutant enzymes, although absolute values did vary with specific mutations. Amino acid substitutions in Fks1p did not alter K(m) values, although some mutations decreased the V(max). Given the association of FKS1 mutations with clinical resistance, an evaluation of the kinetic parameters for the inhibition of mutant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase as a function of the MIC enabled an independent evaluation of the recently adopted susceptibility breakpoint for echinocandin drugs. Overall, a breakpoint MIC of >or=2 microg/ml for caspofungin captured nearly 100% of fks1 C. albicans strains when a kinetic inhibition rise threshold of <or=50-fold for the K(i) was used as a measure of susceptibility. A similar MIC breakpoint for micafungin and anidulafungin was less inclusive, and a projected MIC of >or=0.5 microg/ml was required for >95% coverage of clinical isolates. However, when MIC determinations were performed in the presence of 50% serum, all fks1 mutants showed MIC values of >or=2 microg/ml for the three echinocandin drugs. The 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase kinetic inhibition data support the proposed susceptibility breakpoint for caspofungin in C. albicans, but a lower susceptibility breakpoint (<or=0.5 microg/ml) may be more appropriate for anidulafungin and micafungin. Overall, the data indicate that MIC testing with caspofungin may serve as a surrogate marker for resistance among the class of echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of Candida albicans 90028 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p
|
Candida albicans
|
0.0188
ug.mL-1
|
|
Inhibition of Candida albicans 90028 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p
|
Candida albicans
|
15.47
ng/ml
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
Year : 2009
Volume : 53
Issue : 1
First Page : 112
Last Page : 122
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : A detailed kinetic characterization of echinocandin inhibition was performed for mutant 1,3-beta-d-glucan synthase enzymes from clinical isolates of Candida albicans with nine different FKS1 mutations resulting in high MICs. Among 14 mutant Fks1p enzymes studied, the kinetic parameters 50% inhibitory concentration and K(i) increased 50-fold to several thousandfold relative to those for the wild type. Enzymes with mutations at Ser645 (S645P, S645Y, and S645F) within hot spot 1 showed the most prominent decrease in sensitivity, while those with mutations at the N- and C-terminal ends of hot spot 1 generally retained greater sensitivity to all three drugs. Kinetic inhibitions by caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were comparable among the fks1 mutant enzymes, although absolute values did vary with specific mutations. Amino acid substitutions in Fks1p did not alter K(m) values, although some mutations decreased the V(max). Given the association of FKS1 mutations with clinical resistance, an evaluation of the kinetic parameters for the inhibition of mutant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase as a function of the MIC enabled an independent evaluation of the recently adopted susceptibility breakpoint for echinocandin drugs. Overall, a breakpoint MIC of >or=2 microg/ml for caspofungin captured nearly 100% of fks1 C. albicans strains when a kinetic inhibition rise threshold of <or=50-fold for the K(i) was used as a measure of susceptibility. A similar MIC breakpoint for micafungin and anidulafungin was less inclusive, and a projected MIC of >or=0.5 microg/ml was required for >95% coverage of clinical isolates. However, when MIC determinations were performed in the presence of 50% serum, all fks1 mutants showed MIC values of >or=2 microg/ml for the three echinocandin drugs. The 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase kinetic inhibition data support the proposed susceptibility breakpoint for caspofungin in C. albicans, but a lower susceptibility breakpoint (<or=0.5 microg/ml) may be more appropriate for anidulafungin and micafungin. Overall, the data indicate that MIC testing with caspofungin may serve as a surrogate marker for resistance among the class of echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of Candida albicans 1002 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p
|
Candida albicans
|
0.05334
ug.mL-1
|
|
Inhibition of Candida albicans 1002 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p
|
Candida albicans
|
34.52
ng/ml
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
Year : 2009
Volume : 53
Issue : 1
First Page : 112
Last Page : 122
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : A detailed kinetic characterization of echinocandin inhibition was performed for mutant 1,3-beta-d-glucan synthase enzymes from clinical isolates of Candida albicans with nine different FKS1 mutations resulting in high MICs. Among 14 mutant Fks1p enzymes studied, the kinetic parameters 50% inhibitory concentration and K(i) increased 50-fold to several thousandfold relative to those for the wild type. Enzymes with mutations at Ser645 (S645P, S645Y, and S645F) within hot spot 1 showed the most prominent decrease in sensitivity, while those with mutations at the N- and C-terminal ends of hot spot 1 generally retained greater sensitivity to all three drugs. Kinetic inhibitions by caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were comparable among the fks1 mutant enzymes, although absolute values did vary with specific mutations. Amino acid substitutions in Fks1p did not alter K(m) values, although some mutations decreased the V(max). Given the association of FKS1 mutations with clinical resistance, an evaluation of the kinetic parameters for the inhibition of mutant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase as a function of the MIC enabled an independent evaluation of the recently adopted susceptibility breakpoint for echinocandin drugs. Overall, a breakpoint MIC of >or=2 microg/ml for caspofungin captured nearly 100% of fks1 C. albicans strains when a kinetic inhibition rise threshold of <or=50-fold for the K(i) was used as a measure of susceptibility. A similar MIC breakpoint for micafungin and anidulafungin was less inclusive, and a projected MIC of >or=0.5 microg/ml was required for >95% coverage of clinical isolates. However, when MIC determinations were performed in the presence of 50% serum, all fks1 mutants showed MIC values of >or=2 microg/ml for the three echinocandin drugs. The 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase kinetic inhibition data support the proposed susceptibility breakpoint for caspofungin in C. albicans, but a lower susceptibility breakpoint (<or=0.5 microg/ml) may be more appropriate for anidulafungin and micafungin. Overall, the data indicate that MIC testing with caspofungin may serve as a surrogate marker for resistance among the class of echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of Candida albicans 3107 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p
|
Candida albicans
|
0.01472
ug.mL-1
|
|
Inhibition of Candida albicans 3107 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p
|
Candida albicans
|
41.87
ng/ml
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
Year : 2009
Volume : 53
Issue : 1
First Page : 112
Last Page : 122
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : A detailed kinetic characterization of echinocandin inhibition was performed for mutant 1,3-beta-d-glucan synthase enzymes from clinical isolates of Candida albicans with nine different FKS1 mutations resulting in high MICs. Among 14 mutant Fks1p enzymes studied, the kinetic parameters 50% inhibitory concentration and K(i) increased 50-fold to several thousandfold relative to those for the wild type. Enzymes with mutations at Ser645 (S645P, S645Y, and S645F) within hot spot 1 showed the most prominent decrease in sensitivity, while those with mutations at the N- and C-terminal ends of hot spot 1 generally retained greater sensitivity to all three drugs. Kinetic inhibitions by caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were comparable among the fks1 mutant enzymes, although absolute values did vary with specific mutations. Amino acid substitutions in Fks1p did not alter K(m) values, although some mutations decreased the V(max). Given the association of FKS1 mutations with clinical resistance, an evaluation of the kinetic parameters for the inhibition of mutant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase as a function of the MIC enabled an independent evaluation of the recently adopted susceptibility breakpoint for echinocandin drugs. Overall, a breakpoint MIC of >or=2 microg/ml for caspofungin captured nearly 100% of fks1 C. albicans strains when a kinetic inhibition rise threshold of <or=50-fold for the K(i) was used as a measure of susceptibility. A similar MIC breakpoint for micafungin and anidulafungin was less inclusive, and a projected MIC of >or=0.5 microg/ml was required for >95% coverage of clinical isolates. However, when MIC determinations were performed in the presence of 50% serum, all fks1 mutants showed MIC values of >or=2 microg/ml for the three echinocandin drugs. The 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase kinetic inhibition data support the proposed susceptibility breakpoint for caspofungin in C. albicans, but a lower susceptibility breakpoint (<or=0.5 microg/ml) may be more appropriate for anidulafungin and micafungin. Overall, the data indicate that MIC testing with caspofungin may serve as a surrogate marker for resistance among the class of echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of Candida albicans 3795 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p
|
Candida albicans
|
0.03889
ug.mL-1
|
|
Inhibition of Candida albicans 3795 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p
|
Candida albicans
|
58.64
ng/ml
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
Year : 2009
Volume : 53
Issue : 1
First Page : 112
Last Page : 122
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : A detailed kinetic characterization of echinocandin inhibition was performed for mutant 1,3-beta-d-glucan synthase enzymes from clinical isolates of Candida albicans with nine different FKS1 mutations resulting in high MICs. Among 14 mutant Fks1p enzymes studied, the kinetic parameters 50% inhibitory concentration and K(i) increased 50-fold to several thousandfold relative to those for the wild type. Enzymes with mutations at Ser645 (S645P, S645Y, and S645F) within hot spot 1 showed the most prominent decrease in sensitivity, while those with mutations at the N- and C-terminal ends of hot spot 1 generally retained greater sensitivity to all three drugs. Kinetic inhibitions by caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were comparable among the fks1 mutant enzymes, although absolute values did vary with specific mutations. Amino acid substitutions in Fks1p did not alter K(m) values, although some mutations decreased the V(max). Given the association of FKS1 mutations with clinical resistance, an evaluation of the kinetic parameters for the inhibition of mutant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase as a function of the MIC enabled an independent evaluation of the recently adopted susceptibility breakpoint for echinocandin drugs. Overall, a breakpoint MIC of >or=2 microg/ml for caspofungin captured nearly 100% of fks1 C. albicans strains when a kinetic inhibition rise threshold of <or=50-fold for the K(i) was used as a measure of susceptibility. A similar MIC breakpoint for micafungin and anidulafungin was less inclusive, and a projected MIC of >or=0.5 microg/ml was required for >95% coverage of clinical isolates. However, when MIC determinations were performed in the presence of 50% serum, all fks1 mutants showed MIC values of >or=2 microg/ml for the three echinocandin drugs. The 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase kinetic inhibition data support the proposed susceptibility breakpoint for caspofungin in C. albicans, but a lower susceptibility breakpoint (<or=0.5 microg/ml) may be more appropriate for anidulafungin and micafungin. Overall, the data indicate that MIC testing with caspofungin may serve as a surrogate marker for resistance among the class of echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of Candida albicans 119 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p T1921C mutant
|
Candida albicans
|
0.1836
ug.mL-1
|
|
Inhibition of Candida albicans 119 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p T1921C mutant
|
Candida albicans
|
155.9
ng/ml
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
Year : 2009
Volume : 53
Issue : 1
First Page : 112
Last Page : 122
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : A detailed kinetic characterization of echinocandin inhibition was performed for mutant 1,3-beta-d-glucan synthase enzymes from clinical isolates of Candida albicans with nine different FKS1 mutations resulting in high MICs. Among 14 mutant Fks1p enzymes studied, the kinetic parameters 50% inhibitory concentration and K(i) increased 50-fold to several thousandfold relative to those for the wild type. Enzymes with mutations at Ser645 (S645P, S645Y, and S645F) within hot spot 1 showed the most prominent decrease in sensitivity, while those with mutations at the N- and C-terminal ends of hot spot 1 generally retained greater sensitivity to all three drugs. Kinetic inhibitions by caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were comparable among the fks1 mutant enzymes, although absolute values did vary with specific mutations. Amino acid substitutions in Fks1p did not alter K(m) values, although some mutations decreased the V(max). Given the association of FKS1 mutations with clinical resistance, an evaluation of the kinetic parameters for the inhibition of mutant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase as a function of the MIC enabled an independent evaluation of the recently adopted susceptibility breakpoint for echinocandin drugs. Overall, a breakpoint MIC of >or=2 microg/ml for caspofungin captured nearly 100% of fks1 C. albicans strains when a kinetic inhibition rise threshold of <or=50-fold for the K(i) was used as a measure of susceptibility. A similar MIC breakpoint for micafungin and anidulafungin was less inclusive, and a projected MIC of >or=0.5 microg/ml was required for >95% coverage of clinical isolates. However, when MIC determinations were performed in the presence of 50% serum, all fks1 mutants showed MIC values of >or=2 microg/ml for the three echinocandin drugs. The 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase kinetic inhibition data support the proposed susceptibility breakpoint for caspofungin in C. albicans, but a lower susceptibility breakpoint (<or=0.5 microg/ml) may be more appropriate for anidulafungin and micafungin. Overall, the data indicate that MIC testing with caspofungin may serve as a surrogate marker for resistance among the class of echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of Candida albicans 177 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p T1922C mutant
|
Candida albicans
|
1.441
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
Year : 2009
Volume : 53
Issue : 1
First Page : 112
Last Page : 122
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : A detailed kinetic characterization of echinocandin inhibition was performed for mutant 1,3-beta-d-glucan synthase enzymes from clinical isolates of Candida albicans with nine different FKS1 mutations resulting in high MICs. Among 14 mutant Fks1p enzymes studied, the kinetic parameters 50% inhibitory concentration and K(i) increased 50-fold to several thousandfold relative to those for the wild type. Enzymes with mutations at Ser645 (S645P, S645Y, and S645F) within hot spot 1 showed the most prominent decrease in sensitivity, while those with mutations at the N- and C-terminal ends of hot spot 1 generally retained greater sensitivity to all three drugs. Kinetic inhibitions by caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were comparable among the fks1 mutant enzymes, although absolute values did vary with specific mutations. Amino acid substitutions in Fks1p did not alter K(m) values, although some mutations decreased the V(max). Given the association of FKS1 mutations with clinical resistance, an evaluation of the kinetic parameters for the inhibition of mutant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase as a function of the MIC enabled an independent evaluation of the recently adopted susceptibility breakpoint for echinocandin drugs. Overall, a breakpoint MIC of >or=2 microg/ml for caspofungin captured nearly 100% of fks1 C. albicans strains when a kinetic inhibition rise threshold of <or=50-fold for the K(i) was used as a measure of susceptibility. A similar MIC breakpoint for micafungin and anidulafungin was less inclusive, and a projected MIC of >or=0.5 microg/ml was required for >95% coverage of clinical isolates. However, when MIC determinations were performed in the presence of 50% serum, all fks1 mutants showed MIC values of >or=2 microg/ml for the three echinocandin drugs. The 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase kinetic inhibition data support the proposed susceptibility breakpoint for caspofungin in C. albicans, but a lower susceptibility breakpoint (<or=0.5 microg/ml) may be more appropriate for anidulafungin and micafungin. Overall, the data indicate that MIC testing with caspofungin may serve as a surrogate marker for resistance among the class of echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of Candida albicans 2762 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p T1922C mutant
|
Candida albicans
|
1.693
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
Year : 2009
Volume : 53
Issue : 1
First Page : 112
Last Page : 122
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : A detailed kinetic characterization of echinocandin inhibition was performed for mutant 1,3-beta-d-glucan synthase enzymes from clinical isolates of Candida albicans with nine different FKS1 mutations resulting in high MICs. Among 14 mutant Fks1p enzymes studied, the kinetic parameters 50% inhibitory concentration and K(i) increased 50-fold to several thousandfold relative to those for the wild type. Enzymes with mutations at Ser645 (S645P, S645Y, and S645F) within hot spot 1 showed the most prominent decrease in sensitivity, while those with mutations at the N- and C-terminal ends of hot spot 1 generally retained greater sensitivity to all three drugs. Kinetic inhibitions by caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were comparable among the fks1 mutant enzymes, although absolute values did vary with specific mutations. Amino acid substitutions in Fks1p did not alter K(m) values, although some mutations decreased the V(max). Given the association of FKS1 mutations with clinical resistance, an evaluation of the kinetic parameters for the inhibition of mutant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase as a function of the MIC enabled an independent evaluation of the recently adopted susceptibility breakpoint for echinocandin drugs. Overall, a breakpoint MIC of >or=2 microg/ml for caspofungin captured nearly 100% of fks1 C. albicans strains when a kinetic inhibition rise threshold of <or=50-fold for the K(i) was used as a measure of susceptibility. A similar MIC breakpoint for micafungin and anidulafungin was less inclusive, and a projected MIC of >or=0.5 microg/ml was required for >95% coverage of clinical isolates. However, when MIC determinations were performed in the presence of 50% serum, all fks1 mutants showed MIC values of >or=2 microg/ml for the three echinocandin drugs. The 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase kinetic inhibition data support the proposed susceptibility breakpoint for caspofungin in C. albicans, but a lower susceptibility breakpoint (<or=0.5 microg/ml) may be more appropriate for anidulafungin and micafungin. Overall, the data indicate that MIC testing with caspofungin may serve as a surrogate marker for resistance among the class of echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of Candida albicans 205 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p T1933C mutant
|
Candida albicans
|
1.085
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
Year : 2009
Volume : 53
Issue : 1
First Page : 112
Last Page : 122
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : A detailed kinetic characterization of echinocandin inhibition was performed for mutant 1,3-beta-d-glucan synthase enzymes from clinical isolates of Candida albicans with nine different FKS1 mutations resulting in high MICs. Among 14 mutant Fks1p enzymes studied, the kinetic parameters 50% inhibitory concentration and K(i) increased 50-fold to several thousandfold relative to those for the wild type. Enzymes with mutations at Ser645 (S645P, S645Y, and S645F) within hot spot 1 showed the most prominent decrease in sensitivity, while those with mutations at the N- and C-terminal ends of hot spot 1 generally retained greater sensitivity to all three drugs. Kinetic inhibitions by caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were comparable among the fks1 mutant enzymes, although absolute values did vary with specific mutations. Amino acid substitutions in Fks1p did not alter K(m) values, although some mutations decreased the V(max). Given the association of FKS1 mutations with clinical resistance, an evaluation of the kinetic parameters for the inhibition of mutant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase as a function of the MIC enabled an independent evaluation of the recently adopted susceptibility breakpoint for echinocandin drugs. Overall, a breakpoint MIC of >or=2 microg/ml for caspofungin captured nearly 100% of fks1 C. albicans strains when a kinetic inhibition rise threshold of <or=50-fold for the K(i) was used as a measure of susceptibility. A similar MIC breakpoint for micafungin and anidulafungin was less inclusive, and a projected MIC of >or=0.5 microg/ml was required for >95% coverage of clinical isolates. However, when MIC determinations were performed in the presence of 50% serum, all fks1 mutants showed MIC values of >or=2 microg/ml for the three echinocandin drugs. The 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase kinetic inhibition data support the proposed susceptibility breakpoint for caspofungin in C. albicans, but a lower susceptibility breakpoint (<or=0.5 microg/ml) may be more appropriate for anidulafungin and micafungin. Overall, the data indicate that MIC testing with caspofungin may serve as a surrogate marker for resistance among the class of echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of Candida albicans 5415 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p T1933C mutant
|
Candida albicans
|
1.254
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
Year : 2009
Volume : 53
Issue : 1
First Page : 112
Last Page : 122
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : A detailed kinetic characterization of echinocandin inhibition was performed for mutant 1,3-beta-d-glucan synthase enzymes from clinical isolates of Candida albicans with nine different FKS1 mutations resulting in high MICs. Among 14 mutant Fks1p enzymes studied, the kinetic parameters 50% inhibitory concentration and K(i) increased 50-fold to several thousandfold relative to those for the wild type. Enzymes with mutations at Ser645 (S645P, S645Y, and S645F) within hot spot 1 showed the most prominent decrease in sensitivity, while those with mutations at the N- and C-terminal ends of hot spot 1 generally retained greater sensitivity to all three drugs. Kinetic inhibitions by caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were comparable among the fks1 mutant enzymes, although absolute values did vary with specific mutations. Amino acid substitutions in Fks1p did not alter K(m) values, although some mutations decreased the V(max). Given the association of FKS1 mutations with clinical resistance, an evaluation of the kinetic parameters for the inhibition of mutant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase as a function of the MIC enabled an independent evaluation of the recently adopted susceptibility breakpoint for echinocandin drugs. Overall, a breakpoint MIC of >or=2 microg/ml for caspofungin captured nearly 100% of fks1 C. albicans strains when a kinetic inhibition rise threshold of <or=50-fold for the K(i) was used as a measure of susceptibility. A similar MIC breakpoint for micafungin and anidulafungin was less inclusive, and a projected MIC of >or=0.5 microg/ml was required for >95% coverage of clinical isolates. However, when MIC determinations were performed in the presence of 50% serum, all fks1 mutants showed MIC values of >or=2 microg/ml for the three echinocandin drugs. The 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase kinetic inhibition data support the proposed susceptibility breakpoint for caspofungin in C. albicans, but a lower susceptibility breakpoint (<or=0.5 microg/ml) may be more appropriate for anidulafungin and micafungin. Overall, the data indicate that MIC testing with caspofungin may serve as a surrogate marker for resistance among the class of echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of Candida albicans 89 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p C1934A mutant
|
Candida albicans
|
2.533
ug.mL-1
|
|
Inhibition of Candida albicans 89 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p C1934A mutant
|
Candida albicans
|
867.13
ng/ml
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
Year : 2009
Volume : 53
Issue : 1
First Page : 112
Last Page : 122
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : A detailed kinetic characterization of echinocandin inhibition was performed for mutant 1,3-beta-d-glucan synthase enzymes from clinical isolates of Candida albicans with nine different FKS1 mutations resulting in high MICs. Among 14 mutant Fks1p enzymes studied, the kinetic parameters 50% inhibitory concentration and K(i) increased 50-fold to several thousandfold relative to those for the wild type. Enzymes with mutations at Ser645 (S645P, S645Y, and S645F) within hot spot 1 showed the most prominent decrease in sensitivity, while those with mutations at the N- and C-terminal ends of hot spot 1 generally retained greater sensitivity to all three drugs. Kinetic inhibitions by caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were comparable among the fks1 mutant enzymes, although absolute values did vary with specific mutations. Amino acid substitutions in Fks1p did not alter K(m) values, although some mutations decreased the V(max). Given the association of FKS1 mutations with clinical resistance, an evaluation of the kinetic parameters for the inhibition of mutant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase as a function of the MIC enabled an independent evaluation of the recently adopted susceptibility breakpoint for echinocandin drugs. Overall, a breakpoint MIC of >or=2 microg/ml for caspofungin captured nearly 100% of fks1 C. albicans strains when a kinetic inhibition rise threshold of <or=50-fold for the K(i) was used as a measure of susceptibility. A similar MIC breakpoint for micafungin and anidulafungin was less inclusive, and a projected MIC of >or=0.5 microg/ml was required for >95% coverage of clinical isolates. However, when MIC determinations were performed in the presence of 50% serum, all fks1 mutants showed MIC values of >or=2 microg/ml for the three echinocandin drugs. The 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase kinetic inhibition data support the proposed susceptibility breakpoint for caspofungin in C. albicans, but a lower susceptibility breakpoint (<or=0.5 microg/ml) may be more appropriate for anidulafungin and micafungin. Overall, the data indicate that MIC testing with caspofungin may serve as a surrogate marker for resistance among the class of echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of Candida albicans 85 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p C1934T mutant
|
Candida albicans
|
0.4498
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
Year : 2009
Volume : 53
Issue : 1
First Page : 112
Last Page : 122
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : A detailed kinetic characterization of echinocandin inhibition was performed for mutant 1,3-beta-d-glucan synthase enzymes from clinical isolates of Candida albicans with nine different FKS1 mutations resulting in high MICs. Among 14 mutant Fks1p enzymes studied, the kinetic parameters 50% inhibitory concentration and K(i) increased 50-fold to several thousandfold relative to those for the wild type. Enzymes with mutations at Ser645 (S645P, S645Y, and S645F) within hot spot 1 showed the most prominent decrease in sensitivity, while those with mutations at the N- and C-terminal ends of hot spot 1 generally retained greater sensitivity to all three drugs. Kinetic inhibitions by caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were comparable among the fks1 mutant enzymes, although absolute values did vary with specific mutations. Amino acid substitutions in Fks1p did not alter K(m) values, although some mutations decreased the V(max). Given the association of FKS1 mutations with clinical resistance, an evaluation of the kinetic parameters for the inhibition of mutant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase as a function of the MIC enabled an independent evaluation of the recently adopted susceptibility breakpoint for echinocandin drugs. Overall, a breakpoint MIC of >or=2 microg/ml for caspofungin captured nearly 100% of fks1 C. albicans strains when a kinetic inhibition rise threshold of <or=50-fold for the K(i) was used as a measure of susceptibility. A similar MIC breakpoint for micafungin and anidulafungin was less inclusive, and a projected MIC of >or=0.5 microg/ml was required for >95% coverage of clinical isolates. However, when MIC determinations were performed in the presence of 50% serum, all fks1 mutants showed MIC values of >or=2 microg/ml for the three echinocandin drugs. The 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase kinetic inhibition data support the proposed susceptibility breakpoint for caspofungin in C. albicans, but a lower susceptibility breakpoint (<or=0.5 microg/ml) may be more appropriate for anidulafungin and micafungin. Overall, the data indicate that MIC testing with caspofungin may serve as a surrogate marker for resistance among the class of echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of Candida albicans 149 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p G1942T mutant
|
Candida albicans
|
0.3755
ug.mL-1
|
|
Inhibition of Candida albicans 149 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p G1942T mutant
|
Candida albicans
|
489.23
ng/ml
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
Year : 2009
Volume : 53
Issue : 1
First Page : 112
Last Page : 122
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : A detailed kinetic characterization of echinocandin inhibition was performed for mutant 1,3-beta-d-glucan synthase enzymes from clinical isolates of Candida albicans with nine different FKS1 mutations resulting in high MICs. Among 14 mutant Fks1p enzymes studied, the kinetic parameters 50% inhibitory concentration and K(i) increased 50-fold to several thousandfold relative to those for the wild type. Enzymes with mutations at Ser645 (S645P, S645Y, and S645F) within hot spot 1 showed the most prominent decrease in sensitivity, while those with mutations at the N- and C-terminal ends of hot spot 1 generally retained greater sensitivity to all three drugs. Kinetic inhibitions by caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were comparable among the fks1 mutant enzymes, although absolute values did vary with specific mutations. Amino acid substitutions in Fks1p did not alter K(m) values, although some mutations decreased the V(max). Given the association of FKS1 mutations with clinical resistance, an evaluation of the kinetic parameters for the inhibition of mutant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase as a function of the MIC enabled an independent evaluation of the recently adopted susceptibility breakpoint for echinocandin drugs. Overall, a breakpoint MIC of >or=2 microg/ml for caspofungin captured nearly 100% of fks1 C. albicans strains when a kinetic inhibition rise threshold of <or=50-fold for the K(i) was used as a measure of susceptibility. A similar MIC breakpoint for micafungin and anidulafungin was less inclusive, and a projected MIC of >or=0.5 microg/ml was required for >95% coverage of clinical isolates. However, when MIC determinations were performed in the presence of 50% serum, all fks1 mutants showed MIC values of >or=2 microg/ml for the three echinocandin drugs. The 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase kinetic inhibition data support the proposed susceptibility breakpoint for caspofungin in C. albicans, but a lower susceptibility breakpoint (<or=0.5 microg/ml) may be more appropriate for anidulafungin and micafungin. Overall, the data indicate that MIC testing with caspofungin may serve as a surrogate marker for resistance among the class of echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of Candida albicans 122 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p C1946A mutant
|
Candida albicans
|
0.9246
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
Year : 2009
Volume : 53
Issue : 1
First Page : 112
Last Page : 122
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : A detailed kinetic characterization of echinocandin inhibition was performed for mutant 1,3-beta-d-glucan synthase enzymes from clinical isolates of Candida albicans with nine different FKS1 mutations resulting in high MICs. Among 14 mutant Fks1p enzymes studied, the kinetic parameters 50% inhibitory concentration and K(i) increased 50-fold to several thousandfold relative to those for the wild type. Enzymes with mutations at Ser645 (S645P, S645Y, and S645F) within hot spot 1 showed the most prominent decrease in sensitivity, while those with mutations at the N- and C-terminal ends of hot spot 1 generally retained greater sensitivity to all three drugs. Kinetic inhibitions by caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were comparable among the fks1 mutant enzymes, although absolute values did vary with specific mutations. Amino acid substitutions in Fks1p did not alter K(m) values, although some mutations decreased the V(max). Given the association of FKS1 mutations with clinical resistance, an evaluation of the kinetic parameters for the inhibition of mutant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase as a function of the MIC enabled an independent evaluation of the recently adopted susceptibility breakpoint for echinocandin drugs. Overall, a breakpoint MIC of >or=2 microg/ml for caspofungin captured nearly 100% of fks1 C. albicans strains when a kinetic inhibition rise threshold of <or=50-fold for the K(i) was used as a measure of susceptibility. A similar MIC breakpoint for micafungin and anidulafungin was less inclusive, and a projected MIC of >or=0.5 microg/ml was required for >95% coverage of clinical isolates. However, when MIC determinations were performed in the presence of 50% serum, all fks1 mutants showed MIC values of >or=2 microg/ml for the three echinocandin drugs. The 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase kinetic inhibition data support the proposed susceptibility breakpoint for caspofungin in C. albicans, but a lower susceptibility breakpoint (<or=0.5 microg/ml) may be more appropriate for anidulafungin and micafungin. Overall, the data indicate that MIC testing with caspofungin may serve as a surrogate marker for resistance among the class of echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of Candida albicans 121 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p G4082A mutant
|
Candida albicans
|
0.4982
ug.mL-1
|
|
Inhibition of Candida albicans 121 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p G4082A mutant
|
Candida albicans
|
840.48
ng/ml
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
Year : 2009
Volume : 53
Issue : 1
First Page : 112
Last Page : 122
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : A detailed kinetic characterization of echinocandin inhibition was performed for mutant 1,3-beta-d-glucan synthase enzymes from clinical isolates of Candida albicans with nine different FKS1 mutations resulting in high MICs. Among 14 mutant Fks1p enzymes studied, the kinetic parameters 50% inhibitory concentration and K(i) increased 50-fold to several thousandfold relative to those for the wild type. Enzymes with mutations at Ser645 (S645P, S645Y, and S645F) within hot spot 1 showed the most prominent decrease in sensitivity, while those with mutations at the N- and C-terminal ends of hot spot 1 generally retained greater sensitivity to all three drugs. Kinetic inhibitions by caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were comparable among the fks1 mutant enzymes, although absolute values did vary with specific mutations. Amino acid substitutions in Fks1p did not alter K(m) values, although some mutations decreased the V(max). Given the association of FKS1 mutations with clinical resistance, an evaluation of the kinetic parameters for the inhibition of mutant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase as a function of the MIC enabled an independent evaluation of the recently adopted susceptibility breakpoint for echinocandin drugs. Overall, a breakpoint MIC of >or=2 microg/ml for caspofungin captured nearly 100% of fks1 C. albicans strains when a kinetic inhibition rise threshold of <or=50-fold for the K(i) was used as a measure of susceptibility. A similar MIC breakpoint for micafungin and anidulafungin was less inclusive, and a projected MIC of >or=0.5 microg/ml was required for >95% coverage of clinical isolates. However, when MIC determinations were performed in the presence of 50% serum, all fks1 mutants showed MIC values of >or=2 microg/ml for the three echinocandin drugs. The 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase kinetic inhibition data support the proposed susceptibility breakpoint for caspofungin in C. albicans, but a lower susceptibility breakpoint (<or=0.5 microg/ml) may be more appropriate for anidulafungin and micafungin. Overall, the data indicate that MIC testing with caspofungin may serve as a surrogate marker for resistance among the class of echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of Candida albicans 194 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p C1934T/G4082R mutant
|
Candida albicans
|
1.765
ug.mL-1
|
|
Inhibition of Candida albicans 194 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p C1934T/G4082R mutant
|
Candida albicans
|
493.83
ng/ml
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
Year : 2009
Volume : 53
Issue : 1
First Page : 112
Last Page : 122
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : A detailed kinetic characterization of echinocandin inhibition was performed for mutant 1,3-beta-d-glucan synthase enzymes from clinical isolates of Candida albicans with nine different FKS1 mutations resulting in high MICs. Among 14 mutant Fks1p enzymes studied, the kinetic parameters 50% inhibitory concentration and K(i) increased 50-fold to several thousandfold relative to those for the wild type. Enzymes with mutations at Ser645 (S645P, S645Y, and S645F) within hot spot 1 showed the most prominent decrease in sensitivity, while those with mutations at the N- and C-terminal ends of hot spot 1 generally retained greater sensitivity to all three drugs. Kinetic inhibitions by caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were comparable among the fks1 mutant enzymes, although absolute values did vary with specific mutations. Amino acid substitutions in Fks1p did not alter K(m) values, although some mutations decreased the V(max). Given the association of FKS1 mutations with clinical resistance, an evaluation of the kinetic parameters for the inhibition of mutant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase as a function of the MIC enabled an independent evaluation of the recently adopted susceptibility breakpoint for echinocandin drugs. Overall, a breakpoint MIC of >or=2 microg/ml for caspofungin captured nearly 100% of fks1 C. albicans strains when a kinetic inhibition rise threshold of <or=50-fold for the K(i) was used as a measure of susceptibility. A similar MIC breakpoint for micafungin and anidulafungin was less inclusive, and a projected MIC of >or=0.5 microg/ml was required for >95% coverage of clinical isolates. However, when MIC determinations were performed in the presence of 50% serum, all fks1 mutants showed MIC values of >or=2 microg/ml for the three echinocandin drugs. The 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase kinetic inhibition data support the proposed susceptibility breakpoint for caspofungin in C. albicans, but a lower susceptibility breakpoint (<or=0.5 microg/ml) may be more appropriate for anidulafungin and micafungin. Overall, the data indicate that MIC testing with caspofungin may serve as a surrogate marker for resistance among the class of echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of Candida albicans 90 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p G4082R mutant
|
Candida albicans
|
0.07739
ug.mL-1
|
|
Inhibition of Candida albicans 90 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p G4082R mutant
|
Candida albicans
|
264.73
ng/ml
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
Year : 2009
Volume : 53
Issue : 1
First Page : 112
Last Page : 122
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : A detailed kinetic characterization of echinocandin inhibition was performed for mutant 1,3-beta-d-glucan synthase enzymes from clinical isolates of Candida albicans with nine different FKS1 mutations resulting in high MICs. Among 14 mutant Fks1p enzymes studied, the kinetic parameters 50% inhibitory concentration and K(i) increased 50-fold to several thousandfold relative to those for the wild type. Enzymes with mutations at Ser645 (S645P, S645Y, and S645F) within hot spot 1 showed the most prominent decrease in sensitivity, while those with mutations at the N- and C-terminal ends of hot spot 1 generally retained greater sensitivity to all three drugs. Kinetic inhibitions by caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were comparable among the fks1 mutant enzymes, although absolute values did vary with specific mutations. Amino acid substitutions in Fks1p did not alter K(m) values, although some mutations decreased the V(max). Given the association of FKS1 mutations with clinical resistance, an evaluation of the kinetic parameters for the inhibition of mutant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase as a function of the MIC enabled an independent evaluation of the recently adopted susceptibility breakpoint for echinocandin drugs. Overall, a breakpoint MIC of >or=2 microg/ml for caspofungin captured nearly 100% of fks1 C. albicans strains when a kinetic inhibition rise threshold of <or=50-fold for the K(i) was used as a measure of susceptibility. A similar MIC breakpoint for micafungin and anidulafungin was less inclusive, and a projected MIC of >or=0.5 microg/ml was required for >95% coverage of clinical isolates. However, when MIC determinations were performed in the presence of 50% serum, all fks1 mutants showed MIC values of >or=2 microg/ml for the three echinocandin drugs. The 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase kinetic inhibition data support the proposed susceptibility breakpoint for caspofungin in C. albicans, but a lower susceptibility breakpoint (<or=0.5 microg/ml) may be more appropriate for anidulafungin and micafungin. Overall, the data indicate that MIC testing with caspofungin may serve as a surrogate marker for resistance among the class of echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of Candida albicans A15 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p T1933Y mutant
|
Candida albicans
|
0.1773
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
Year : 2009
Volume : 53
Issue : 1
First Page : 112
Last Page : 122
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : A detailed kinetic characterization of echinocandin inhibition was performed for mutant 1,3-beta-d-glucan synthase enzymes from clinical isolates of Candida albicans with nine different FKS1 mutations resulting in high MICs. Among 14 mutant Fks1p enzymes studied, the kinetic parameters 50% inhibitory concentration and K(i) increased 50-fold to several thousandfold relative to those for the wild type. Enzymes with mutations at Ser645 (S645P, S645Y, and S645F) within hot spot 1 showed the most prominent decrease in sensitivity, while those with mutations at the N- and C-terminal ends of hot spot 1 generally retained greater sensitivity to all three drugs. Kinetic inhibitions by caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were comparable among the fks1 mutant enzymes, although absolute values did vary with specific mutations. Amino acid substitutions in Fks1p did not alter K(m) values, although some mutations decreased the V(max). Given the association of FKS1 mutations with clinical resistance, an evaluation of the kinetic parameters for the inhibition of mutant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase as a function of the MIC enabled an independent evaluation of the recently adopted susceptibility breakpoint for echinocandin drugs. Overall, a breakpoint MIC of >or=2 microg/ml for caspofungin captured nearly 100% of fks1 C. albicans strains when a kinetic inhibition rise threshold of <or=50-fold for the K(i) was used as a measure of susceptibility. A similar MIC breakpoint for micafungin and anidulafungin was less inclusive, and a projected MIC of >or=0.5 microg/ml was required for >95% coverage of clinical isolates. However, when MIC determinations were performed in the presence of 50% serum, all fks1 mutants showed MIC values of >or=2 microg/ml for the three echinocandin drugs. The 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase kinetic inhibition data support the proposed susceptibility breakpoint for caspofungin in C. albicans, but a lower susceptibility breakpoint (<or=0.5 microg/ml) may be more appropriate for anidulafungin and micafungin. Overall, the data indicate that MIC testing with caspofungin may serve as a surrogate marker for resistance among the class of echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of Candida albicans A15-10 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase subunit FKS1p T1933C mutant
|
Candida albicans
|
1.194
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Correlating echinocandin MIC and kinetic inhibition of fks1 mutant glucan synthases for Candida albicans: implications for interpretive breakpoints.
Year : 2009
Volume : 53
Issue : 1
First Page : 112
Last Page : 122
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Park S, Perlin DS.
Abstract : A detailed kinetic characterization of echinocandin inhibition was performed for mutant 1,3-beta-d-glucan synthase enzymes from clinical isolates of Candida albicans with nine different FKS1 mutations resulting in high MICs. Among 14 mutant Fks1p enzymes studied, the kinetic parameters 50% inhibitory concentration and K(i) increased 50-fold to several thousandfold relative to those for the wild type. Enzymes with mutations at Ser645 (S645P, S645Y, and S645F) within hot spot 1 showed the most prominent decrease in sensitivity, while those with mutations at the N- and C-terminal ends of hot spot 1 generally retained greater sensitivity to all three drugs. Kinetic inhibitions by caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin were comparable among the fks1 mutant enzymes, although absolute values did vary with specific mutations. Amino acid substitutions in Fks1p did not alter K(m) values, although some mutations decreased the V(max). Given the association of FKS1 mutations with clinical resistance, an evaluation of the kinetic parameters for the inhibition of mutant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase as a function of the MIC enabled an independent evaluation of the recently adopted susceptibility breakpoint for echinocandin drugs. Overall, a breakpoint MIC of >or=2 microg/ml for caspofungin captured nearly 100% of fks1 C. albicans strains when a kinetic inhibition rise threshold of <or=50-fold for the K(i) was used as a measure of susceptibility. A similar MIC breakpoint for micafungin and anidulafungin was less inclusive, and a projected MIC of >or=0.5 microg/ml was required for >95% coverage of clinical isolates. However, when MIC determinations were performed in the presence of 50% serum, all fks1 mutants showed MIC values of >or=2 microg/ml for the three echinocandin drugs. The 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase kinetic inhibition data support the proposed susceptibility breakpoint for caspofungin in C. albicans, but a lower susceptibility breakpoint (<or=0.5 microg/ml) may be more appropriate for anidulafungin and micafungin. Overall, the data indicate that MIC testing with caspofungin may serve as a surrogate marker for resistance among the class of echinocandin drugs.
Inhibition of Candida glabrata ATCC 90030 wild type 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase
|
Candida glabrata
|
0.00071
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
Year : 2009
Volume : 53
Issue : 9
First Page : 3690
Last Page : 3699
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Lee S, Park S, Cleary JD, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Thirteen Candida glabrata strains harboring a range of mutations in hot spot regions of FKS1 and FKS2 were studied. The mutations were linked to an echinocandin reduced susceptibility phenotype. Sequence alignments showed that 11 out of the 13 mutants harbored a mutation in FKS1 or FKS2 not previously implicated in echinocandin reduced susceptibility in C. glabrata. A detailed kinetic characterization demonstrated that amino acid substitutions in Fks1p and Fks2p reduced drug sensitivity in mutant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase by 2 to 3 log orders relative to that in wild-type enzyme. These mutations were also found to reduce the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme (Vmax) and to influence the relative expression of FKS genes. In view of the association of FKS mutations and reduced susceptibility of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase, an evaluation of the new CLSI echinocandin susceptibility breakpoint was conducted. Only 3 of 13 resistant fks mutants (23%) were considered anidulafungin or micafungin nonsusceptible (MIC > 2 microg/ml) by this criterion. In contrast, most fks mutants (92%) exceeded a MIC of >2 microg/ml with caspofungin. However, when MIC determinations were performed in the presence of 50% serum, all C. glabrata fks mutants showed MICs of > or = 2 microg/ml for the three echinocandin drugs. As has been observed with Candida albicans, the kinetic inhibition parameter 50% inhibitory concentration may be a better predictor of FKS-mediated resistance. Finally, the close association between FKS1/FKS2 hot spot mutations provides a basis for understanding echinocandin resistance in C. glabrata.
Inhibition of Candida glabrata isolate 218 wild type 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase
|
Candida glabrata
|
0.00056
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
Year : 2009
Volume : 53
Issue : 9
First Page : 3690
Last Page : 3699
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Lee S, Park S, Cleary JD, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Thirteen Candida glabrata strains harboring a range of mutations in hot spot regions of FKS1 and FKS2 were studied. The mutations were linked to an echinocandin reduced susceptibility phenotype. Sequence alignments showed that 11 out of the 13 mutants harbored a mutation in FKS1 or FKS2 not previously implicated in echinocandin reduced susceptibility in C. glabrata. A detailed kinetic characterization demonstrated that amino acid substitutions in Fks1p and Fks2p reduced drug sensitivity in mutant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase by 2 to 3 log orders relative to that in wild-type enzyme. These mutations were also found to reduce the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme (Vmax) and to influence the relative expression of FKS genes. In view of the association of FKS mutations and reduced susceptibility of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase, an evaluation of the new CLSI echinocandin susceptibility breakpoint was conducted. Only 3 of 13 resistant fks mutants (23%) were considered anidulafungin or micafungin nonsusceptible (MIC > 2 microg/ml) by this criterion. In contrast, most fks mutants (92%) exceeded a MIC of >2 microg/ml with caspofungin. However, when MIC determinations were performed in the presence of 50% serum, all C. glabrata fks mutants showed MICs of > or = 2 microg/ml for the three echinocandin drugs. As has been observed with Candida albicans, the kinetic inhibition parameter 50% inhibitory concentration may be a better predictor of FKS-mediated resistance. Finally, the close association between FKS1/FKS2 hot spot mutations provides a basis for understanding echinocandin resistance in C. glabrata.
Inhibition of Candida glabrata isolate 3168 wild type 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase
|
Candida glabrata
|
0.00129
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
Year : 2009
Volume : 53
Issue : 9
First Page : 3690
Last Page : 3699
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Lee S, Park S, Cleary JD, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Thirteen Candida glabrata strains harboring a range of mutations in hot spot regions of FKS1 and FKS2 were studied. The mutations were linked to an echinocandin reduced susceptibility phenotype. Sequence alignments showed that 11 out of the 13 mutants harbored a mutation in FKS1 or FKS2 not previously implicated in echinocandin reduced susceptibility in C. glabrata. A detailed kinetic characterization demonstrated that amino acid substitutions in Fks1p and Fks2p reduced drug sensitivity in mutant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase by 2 to 3 log orders relative to that in wild-type enzyme. These mutations were also found to reduce the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme (Vmax) and to influence the relative expression of FKS genes. In view of the association of FKS mutations and reduced susceptibility of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase, an evaluation of the new CLSI echinocandin susceptibility breakpoint was conducted. Only 3 of 13 resistant fks mutants (23%) were considered anidulafungin or micafungin nonsusceptible (MIC > 2 microg/ml) by this criterion. In contrast, most fks mutants (92%) exceeded a MIC of >2 microg/ml with caspofungin. However, when MIC determinations were performed in the presence of 50% serum, all C. glabrata fks mutants showed MICs of > or = 2 microg/ml for the three echinocandin drugs. As has been observed with Candida albicans, the kinetic inhibition parameter 50% inhibitory concentration may be a better predictor of FKS-mediated resistance. Finally, the close association between FKS1/FKS2 hot spot mutations provides a basis for understanding echinocandin resistance in C. glabrata.
Inhibition of Candida glabrata isolate 42997 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase Fks1p F625S mutant/wild type Fks2p
|
Candida glabrata
|
0.1263
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
Year : 2009
Volume : 53
Issue : 9
First Page : 3690
Last Page : 3699
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Lee S, Park S, Cleary JD, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Thirteen Candida glabrata strains harboring a range of mutations in hot spot regions of FKS1 and FKS2 were studied. The mutations were linked to an echinocandin reduced susceptibility phenotype. Sequence alignments showed that 11 out of the 13 mutants harbored a mutation in FKS1 or FKS2 not previously implicated in echinocandin reduced susceptibility in C. glabrata. A detailed kinetic characterization demonstrated that amino acid substitutions in Fks1p and Fks2p reduced drug sensitivity in mutant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase by 2 to 3 log orders relative to that in wild-type enzyme. These mutations were also found to reduce the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme (Vmax) and to influence the relative expression of FKS genes. In view of the association of FKS mutations and reduced susceptibility of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase, an evaluation of the new CLSI echinocandin susceptibility breakpoint was conducted. Only 3 of 13 resistant fks mutants (23%) were considered anidulafungin or micafungin nonsusceptible (MIC > 2 microg/ml) by this criterion. In contrast, most fks mutants (92%) exceeded a MIC of >2 microg/ml with caspofungin. However, when MIC determinations were performed in the presence of 50% serum, all C. glabrata fks mutants showed MICs of > or = 2 microg/ml for the three echinocandin drugs. As has been observed with Candida albicans, the kinetic inhibition parameter 50% inhibitory concentration may be a better predictor of FKS-mediated resistance. Finally, the close association between FKS1/FKS2 hot spot mutations provides a basis for understanding echinocandin resistance in C. glabrata.
Inhibition of Candida glabrata isolate 5847 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase Fks1p S629P mutant/wild type Fks2p
|
Candida glabrata
|
0.8545
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
Year : 2009
Volume : 53
Issue : 9
First Page : 3690
Last Page : 3699
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Lee S, Park S, Cleary JD, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Thirteen Candida glabrata strains harboring a range of mutations in hot spot regions of FKS1 and FKS2 were studied. The mutations were linked to an echinocandin reduced susceptibility phenotype. Sequence alignments showed that 11 out of the 13 mutants harbored a mutation in FKS1 or FKS2 not previously implicated in echinocandin reduced susceptibility in C. glabrata. A detailed kinetic characterization demonstrated that amino acid substitutions in Fks1p and Fks2p reduced drug sensitivity in mutant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase by 2 to 3 log orders relative to that in wild-type enzyme. These mutations were also found to reduce the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme (Vmax) and to influence the relative expression of FKS genes. In view of the association of FKS mutations and reduced susceptibility of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase, an evaluation of the new CLSI echinocandin susceptibility breakpoint was conducted. Only 3 of 13 resistant fks mutants (23%) were considered anidulafungin or micafungin nonsusceptible (MIC > 2 microg/ml) by this criterion. In contrast, most fks mutants (92%) exceeded a MIC of >2 microg/ml with caspofungin. However, when MIC determinations were performed in the presence of 50% serum, all C. glabrata fks mutants showed MICs of > or = 2 microg/ml for the three echinocandin drugs. As has been observed with Candida albicans, the kinetic inhibition parameter 50% inhibitory concentration may be a better predictor of FKS-mediated resistance. Finally, the close association between FKS1/FKS2 hot spot mutations provides a basis for understanding echinocandin resistance in C. glabrata.
Inhibition of Candida glabrata isolate 21900 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase Fks1p D632G mutant/wild type Fks2p
|
Candida glabrata
|
0.3434
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
Year : 2009
Volume : 53
Issue : 9
First Page : 3690
Last Page : 3699
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Lee S, Park S, Cleary JD, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Thirteen Candida glabrata strains harboring a range of mutations in hot spot regions of FKS1 and FKS2 were studied. The mutations were linked to an echinocandin reduced susceptibility phenotype. Sequence alignments showed that 11 out of the 13 mutants harbored a mutation in FKS1 or FKS2 not previously implicated in echinocandin reduced susceptibility in C. glabrata. A detailed kinetic characterization demonstrated that amino acid substitutions in Fks1p and Fks2p reduced drug sensitivity in mutant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase by 2 to 3 log orders relative to that in wild-type enzyme. These mutations were also found to reduce the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme (Vmax) and to influence the relative expression of FKS genes. In view of the association of FKS mutations and reduced susceptibility of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase, an evaluation of the new CLSI echinocandin susceptibility breakpoint was conducted. Only 3 of 13 resistant fks mutants (23%) were considered anidulafungin or micafungin nonsusceptible (MIC > 2 microg/ml) by this criterion. In contrast, most fks mutants (92%) exceeded a MIC of >2 microg/ml with caspofungin. However, when MIC determinations were performed in the presence of 50% serum, all C. glabrata fks mutants showed MICs of > or = 2 microg/ml for the three echinocandin drugs. As has been observed with Candida albicans, the kinetic inhibition parameter 50% inhibitory concentration may be a better predictor of FKS-mediated resistance. Finally, the close association between FKS1/FKS2 hot spot mutations provides a basis for understanding echinocandin resistance in C. glabrata.
Inhibition of Candida glabrata isolate 3169 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase Fks1p D632E mutant/wild type Fks2p
|
Candida glabrata
|
0.4447
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
Year : 2009
Volume : 53
Issue : 9
First Page : 3690
Last Page : 3699
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Lee S, Park S, Cleary JD, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Thirteen Candida glabrata strains harboring a range of mutations in hot spot regions of FKS1 and FKS2 were studied. The mutations were linked to an echinocandin reduced susceptibility phenotype. Sequence alignments showed that 11 out of the 13 mutants harbored a mutation in FKS1 or FKS2 not previously implicated in echinocandin reduced susceptibility in C. glabrata. A detailed kinetic characterization demonstrated that amino acid substitutions in Fks1p and Fks2p reduced drug sensitivity in mutant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase by 2 to 3 log orders relative to that in wild-type enzyme. These mutations were also found to reduce the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme (Vmax) and to influence the relative expression of FKS genes. In view of the association of FKS mutations and reduced susceptibility of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase, an evaluation of the new CLSI echinocandin susceptibility breakpoint was conducted. Only 3 of 13 resistant fks mutants (23%) were considered anidulafungin or micafungin nonsusceptible (MIC > 2 microg/ml) by this criterion. In contrast, most fks mutants (92%) exceeded a MIC of >2 microg/ml with caspofungin. However, when MIC determinations were performed in the presence of 50% serum, all C. glabrata fks mutants showed MICs of > or = 2 microg/ml for the three echinocandin drugs. As has been observed with Candida albicans, the kinetic inhibition parameter 50% inhibitory concentration may be a better predictor of FKS-mediated resistance. Finally, the close association between FKS1/FKS2 hot spot mutations provides a basis for understanding echinocandin resistance in C. glabrata.
Inhibition of Candida glabrata isolate 42971 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase Fks1p D632Y mutant/Fks2p R1377STOP mutant
|
Candida glabrata
|
0.4134
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
Year : 2009
Volume : 53
Issue : 9
First Page : 3690
Last Page : 3699
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Lee S, Park S, Cleary JD, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Thirteen Candida glabrata strains harboring a range of mutations in hot spot regions of FKS1 and FKS2 were studied. The mutations were linked to an echinocandin reduced susceptibility phenotype. Sequence alignments showed that 11 out of the 13 mutants harbored a mutation in FKS1 or FKS2 not previously implicated in echinocandin reduced susceptibility in C. glabrata. A detailed kinetic characterization demonstrated that amino acid substitutions in Fks1p and Fks2p reduced drug sensitivity in mutant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase by 2 to 3 log orders relative to that in wild-type enzyme. These mutations were also found to reduce the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme (Vmax) and to influence the relative expression of FKS genes. In view of the association of FKS mutations and reduced susceptibility of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase, an evaluation of the new CLSI echinocandin susceptibility breakpoint was conducted. Only 3 of 13 resistant fks mutants (23%) were considered anidulafungin or micafungin nonsusceptible (MIC > 2 microg/ml) by this criterion. In contrast, most fks mutants (92%) exceeded a MIC of >2 microg/ml with caspofungin. However, when MIC determinations were performed in the presence of 50% serum, all C. glabrata fks mutants showed MICs of > or = 2 microg/ml for the three echinocandin drugs. As has been observed with Candida albicans, the kinetic inhibition parameter 50% inhibitory concentration may be a better predictor of FKS-mediated resistance. Finally, the close association between FKS1/FKS2 hot spot mutations provides a basis for understanding echinocandin resistance in C. glabrata.
Inhibition of Candida glabrata isolate 31498 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase wild type Fks1p/Fks2p F659 deletion mutant
|
Candida glabrata
|
0.1235
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
Year : 2009
Volume : 53
Issue : 9
First Page : 3690
Last Page : 3699
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Lee S, Park S, Cleary JD, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Thirteen Candida glabrata strains harboring a range of mutations in hot spot regions of FKS1 and FKS2 were studied. The mutations were linked to an echinocandin reduced susceptibility phenotype. Sequence alignments showed that 11 out of the 13 mutants harbored a mutation in FKS1 or FKS2 not previously implicated in echinocandin reduced susceptibility in C. glabrata. A detailed kinetic characterization demonstrated that amino acid substitutions in Fks1p and Fks2p reduced drug sensitivity in mutant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase by 2 to 3 log orders relative to that in wild-type enzyme. These mutations were also found to reduce the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme (Vmax) and to influence the relative expression of FKS genes. In view of the association of FKS mutations and reduced susceptibility of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase, an evaluation of the new CLSI echinocandin susceptibility breakpoint was conducted. Only 3 of 13 resistant fks mutants (23%) were considered anidulafungin or micafungin nonsusceptible (MIC > 2 microg/ml) by this criterion. In contrast, most fks mutants (92%) exceeded a MIC of >2 microg/ml with caspofungin. However, when MIC determinations were performed in the presence of 50% serum, all C. glabrata fks mutants showed MICs of > or = 2 microg/ml for the three echinocandin drugs. As has been observed with Candida albicans, the kinetic inhibition parameter 50% inhibitory concentration may be a better predictor of FKS-mediated resistance. Finally, the close association between FKS1/FKS2 hot spot mutations provides a basis for understanding echinocandin resistance in C. glabrata.
Inhibition of Candida glabrata isolate 234 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase wild type Fks1p/Fks2p F659V mutant
|
Candida glabrata
|
0.1135
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
Year : 2009
Volume : 53
Issue : 9
First Page : 3690
Last Page : 3699
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Lee S, Park S, Cleary JD, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Thirteen Candida glabrata strains harboring a range of mutations in hot spot regions of FKS1 and FKS2 were studied. The mutations were linked to an echinocandin reduced susceptibility phenotype. Sequence alignments showed that 11 out of the 13 mutants harbored a mutation in FKS1 or FKS2 not previously implicated in echinocandin reduced susceptibility in C. glabrata. A detailed kinetic characterization demonstrated that amino acid substitutions in Fks1p and Fks2p reduced drug sensitivity in mutant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase by 2 to 3 log orders relative to that in wild-type enzyme. These mutations were also found to reduce the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme (Vmax) and to influence the relative expression of FKS genes. In view of the association of FKS mutations and reduced susceptibility of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase, an evaluation of the new CLSI echinocandin susceptibility breakpoint was conducted. Only 3 of 13 resistant fks mutants (23%) were considered anidulafungin or micafungin nonsusceptible (MIC > 2 microg/ml) by this criterion. In contrast, most fks mutants (92%) exceeded a MIC of >2 microg/ml with caspofungin. However, when MIC determinations were performed in the presence of 50% serum, all C. glabrata fks mutants showed MICs of > or = 2 microg/ml for the three echinocandin drugs. As has been observed with Candida albicans, the kinetic inhibition parameter 50% inhibitory concentration may be a better predictor of FKS-mediated resistance. Finally, the close association between FKS1/FKS2 hot spot mutations provides a basis for understanding echinocandin resistance in C. glabrata.
Inhibition of Candida glabrata isolate 41026 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase wild type Fks1p/Fks2p F659S mutant
|
Candida glabrata
|
1.067
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
Year : 2009
Volume : 53
Issue : 9
First Page : 3690
Last Page : 3699
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Lee S, Park S, Cleary JD, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Thirteen Candida glabrata strains harboring a range of mutations in hot spot regions of FKS1 and FKS2 were studied. The mutations were linked to an echinocandin reduced susceptibility phenotype. Sequence alignments showed that 11 out of the 13 mutants harbored a mutation in FKS1 or FKS2 not previously implicated in echinocandin reduced susceptibility in C. glabrata. A detailed kinetic characterization demonstrated that amino acid substitutions in Fks1p and Fks2p reduced drug sensitivity in mutant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase by 2 to 3 log orders relative to that in wild-type enzyme. These mutations were also found to reduce the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme (Vmax) and to influence the relative expression of FKS genes. In view of the association of FKS mutations and reduced susceptibility of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase, an evaluation of the new CLSI echinocandin susceptibility breakpoint was conducted. Only 3 of 13 resistant fks mutants (23%) were considered anidulafungin or micafungin nonsusceptible (MIC > 2 microg/ml) by this criterion. In contrast, most fks mutants (92%) exceeded a MIC of >2 microg/ml with caspofungin. However, when MIC determinations were performed in the presence of 50% serum, all C. glabrata fks mutants showed MICs of > or = 2 microg/ml for the three echinocandin drugs. As has been observed with Candida albicans, the kinetic inhibition parameter 50% inhibitory concentration may be a better predictor of FKS-mediated resistance. Finally, the close association between FKS1/FKS2 hot spot mutations provides a basis for understanding echinocandin resistance in C. glabrata.
Inhibition of Candida glabrata isolate 3830 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase wild type Fks1p/Fks2p S663P mutant
|
Candida glabrata
|
2.569
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
Year : 2009
Volume : 53
Issue : 9
First Page : 3690
Last Page : 3699
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Lee S, Park S, Cleary JD, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Thirteen Candida glabrata strains harboring a range of mutations in hot spot regions of FKS1 and FKS2 were studied. The mutations were linked to an echinocandin reduced susceptibility phenotype. Sequence alignments showed that 11 out of the 13 mutants harbored a mutation in FKS1 or FKS2 not previously implicated in echinocandin reduced susceptibility in C. glabrata. A detailed kinetic characterization demonstrated that amino acid substitutions in Fks1p and Fks2p reduced drug sensitivity in mutant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase by 2 to 3 log orders relative to that in wild-type enzyme. These mutations were also found to reduce the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme (Vmax) and to influence the relative expression of FKS genes. In view of the association of FKS mutations and reduced susceptibility of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase, an evaluation of the new CLSI echinocandin susceptibility breakpoint was conducted. Only 3 of 13 resistant fks mutants (23%) were considered anidulafungin or micafungin nonsusceptible (MIC > 2 microg/ml) by this criterion. In contrast, most fks mutants (92%) exceeded a MIC of >2 microg/ml with caspofungin. However, when MIC determinations were performed in the presence of 50% serum, all C. glabrata fks mutants showed MICs of > or = 2 microg/ml for the three echinocandin drugs. As has been observed with Candida albicans, the kinetic inhibition parameter 50% inhibitory concentration may be a better predictor of FKS-mediated resistance. Finally, the close association between FKS1/FKS2 hot spot mutations provides a basis for understanding echinocandin resistance in C. glabrata.
Inhibition of Candida glabrata isolate 41400 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase wild type Fks1p/Fks2p D666G mutant
|
Candida glabrata
|
0.1006
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
Year : 2009
Volume : 53
Issue : 9
First Page : 3690
Last Page : 3699
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Lee S, Park S, Cleary JD, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Thirteen Candida glabrata strains harboring a range of mutations in hot spot regions of FKS1 and FKS2 were studied. The mutations were linked to an echinocandin reduced susceptibility phenotype. Sequence alignments showed that 11 out of the 13 mutants harbored a mutation in FKS1 or FKS2 not previously implicated in echinocandin reduced susceptibility in C. glabrata. A detailed kinetic characterization demonstrated that amino acid substitutions in Fks1p and Fks2p reduced drug sensitivity in mutant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase by 2 to 3 log orders relative to that in wild-type enzyme. These mutations were also found to reduce the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme (Vmax) and to influence the relative expression of FKS genes. In view of the association of FKS mutations and reduced susceptibility of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase, an evaluation of the new CLSI echinocandin susceptibility breakpoint was conducted. Only 3 of 13 resistant fks mutants (23%) were considered anidulafungin or micafungin nonsusceptible (MIC > 2 microg/ml) by this criterion. In contrast, most fks mutants (92%) exceeded a MIC of >2 microg/ml with caspofungin. However, when MIC determinations were performed in the presence of 50% serum, all C. glabrata fks mutants showed MICs of > or = 2 microg/ml for the three echinocandin drugs. As has been observed with Candida albicans, the kinetic inhibition parameter 50% inhibitory concentration may be a better predictor of FKS-mediated resistance. Finally, the close association between FKS1/FKS2 hot spot mutations provides a basis for understanding echinocandin resistance in C. glabrata.
Inhibition of Candida glabrata isolate 42031 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase wild type Fks1p/Fks2p D666E mutant
|
Candida glabrata
|
0.0887
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
Year : 2009
Volume : 53
Issue : 9
First Page : 3690
Last Page : 3699
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Lee S, Park S, Cleary JD, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Thirteen Candida glabrata strains harboring a range of mutations in hot spot regions of FKS1 and FKS2 were studied. The mutations were linked to an echinocandin reduced susceptibility phenotype. Sequence alignments showed that 11 out of the 13 mutants harbored a mutation in FKS1 or FKS2 not previously implicated in echinocandin reduced susceptibility in C. glabrata. A detailed kinetic characterization demonstrated that amino acid substitutions in Fks1p and Fks2p reduced drug sensitivity in mutant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase by 2 to 3 log orders relative to that in wild-type enzyme. These mutations were also found to reduce the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme (Vmax) and to influence the relative expression of FKS genes. In view of the association of FKS mutations and reduced susceptibility of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase, an evaluation of the new CLSI echinocandin susceptibility breakpoint was conducted. Only 3 of 13 resistant fks mutants (23%) were considered anidulafungin or micafungin nonsusceptible (MIC > 2 microg/ml) by this criterion. In contrast, most fks mutants (92%) exceeded a MIC of >2 microg/ml with caspofungin. However, when MIC determinations were performed in the presence of 50% serum, all C. glabrata fks mutants showed MICs of > or = 2 microg/ml for the three echinocandin drugs. As has been observed with Candida albicans, the kinetic inhibition parameter 50% inhibitory concentration may be a better predictor of FKS-mediated resistance. Finally, the close association between FKS1/FKS2 hot spot mutations provides a basis for understanding echinocandin resistance in C. glabrata.
Inhibition of Candida glabrata isolate 51916 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase wild type Fks1p/Fks2p P667T mutant
|
Candida glabrata
|
0.1109
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
Year : 2009
Volume : 53
Issue : 9
First Page : 3690
Last Page : 3699
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Lee S, Park S, Cleary JD, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Thirteen Candida glabrata strains harboring a range of mutations in hot spot regions of FKS1 and FKS2 were studied. The mutations were linked to an echinocandin reduced susceptibility phenotype. Sequence alignments showed that 11 out of the 13 mutants harbored a mutation in FKS1 or FKS2 not previously implicated in echinocandin reduced susceptibility in C. glabrata. A detailed kinetic characterization demonstrated that amino acid substitutions in Fks1p and Fks2p reduced drug sensitivity in mutant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase by 2 to 3 log orders relative to that in wild-type enzyme. These mutations were also found to reduce the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme (Vmax) and to influence the relative expression of FKS genes. In view of the association of FKS mutations and reduced susceptibility of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase, an evaluation of the new CLSI echinocandin susceptibility breakpoint was conducted. Only 3 of 13 resistant fks mutants (23%) were considered anidulafungin or micafungin nonsusceptible (MIC > 2 microg/ml) by this criterion. In contrast, most fks mutants (92%) exceeded a MIC of >2 microg/ml with caspofungin. However, when MIC determinations were performed in the presence of 50% serum, all C. glabrata fks mutants showed MICs of > or = 2 microg/ml for the three echinocandin drugs. As has been observed with Candida albicans, the kinetic inhibition parameter 50% inhibitory concentration may be a better predictor of FKS-mediated resistance. Finally, the close association between FKS1/FKS2 hot spot mutations provides a basis for understanding echinocandin resistance in C. glabrata.
Inhibition of Candida glabrata isolate 5416 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase wild type Fks1p/Fks2p W1375L mutant
|
Candida glabrata
|
0.0507
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
Title : Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint.
Year : 2009
Volume : 53
Issue : 9
First Page : 3690
Last Page : 3699
Authors : Garcia-Effron G, Lee S, Park S, Cleary JD, Perlin DS.
Abstract : Thirteen Candida glabrata strains harboring a range of mutations in hot spot regions of FKS1 and FKS2 were studied. The mutations were linked to an echinocandin reduced susceptibility phenotype. Sequence alignments showed that 11 out of the 13 mutants harbored a mutation in FKS1 or FKS2 not previously implicated in echinocandin reduced susceptibility in C. glabrata. A detailed kinetic characterization demonstrated that amino acid substitutions in Fks1p and Fks2p reduced drug sensitivity in mutant 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase by 2 to 3 log orders relative to that in wild-type enzyme. These mutations were also found to reduce the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme (Vmax) and to influence the relative expression of FKS genes. In view of the association of FKS mutations and reduced susceptibility of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase, an evaluation of the new CLSI echinocandin susceptibility breakpoint was conducted. Only 3 of 13 resistant fks mutants (23%) were considered anidulafungin or micafungin nonsusceptible (MIC > 2 microg/ml) by this criterion. In contrast, most fks mutants (92%) exceeded a MIC of >2 microg/ml with caspofungin. However, when MIC determinations were performed in the presence of 50% serum, all C. glabrata fks mutants showed MICs of > or = 2 microg/ml for the three echinocandin drugs. As has been observed with Candida albicans, the kinetic inhibition parameter 50% inhibitory concentration may be a better predictor of FKS-mediated resistance. Finally, the close association between FKS1/FKS2 hot spot mutations provides a basis for understanding echinocandin resistance in C. glabrata.
Antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans after 96 hrs by broth micro-dilution method
|
Cryptococcus neoformans
|
0.1
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : J Nat Prod
Title : Nabscessins A and B, Aminocyclitol Derivatives from Nocardia abscessus IFM 10029T.
Year : 2017
Volume : 80
Issue : 2
First Page : 565
Last Page : 568
Authors : Hara S, Ishikawa N, Hara Y, Nehira T, Sakai K, Gonoi T, Ishibashi M.
Abstract : Two new aminocyclitol amide derivatives, nabscessins A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the culture broth of a pathogenic actinomycete species, Nocardia abscessus IFM 10029T. The structures of nabscessins A and B were elucidated by spectral studies, and the compounds showed antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, with IC50 values of 32 and 16 μg/mL, respectively.
Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger after 96 hrs by broth micro-dilution method
|
Aspergillus niger
|
0.1
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : J Nat Prod
Title : Nabscessins A and B, Aminocyclitol Derivatives from Nocardia abscessus IFM 10029T.
Year : 2017
Volume : 80
Issue : 2
First Page : 565
Last Page : 568
Authors : Hara S, Ishikawa N, Hara Y, Nehira T, Sakai K, Gonoi T, Ishibashi M.
Abstract : Two new aminocyclitol amide derivatives, nabscessins A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the culture broth of a pathogenic actinomycete species, Nocardia abscessus IFM 10029T. The structures of nabscessins A and B were elucidated by spectral studies, and the compounds showed antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, with IC50 values of 32 and 16 μg/mL, respectively.
Antifungal activity against Candida albicans after 48 hrs by broth micro-dilution method
|
Candida albicans
|
0.1
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : J Nat Prod
Title : Nabscessins A and B, Aminocyclitol Derivatives from Nocardia abscessus IFM 10029T.
Year : 2017
Volume : 80
Issue : 2
First Page : 565
Last Page : 568
Authors : Hara S, Ishikawa N, Hara Y, Nehira T, Sakai K, Gonoi T, Ishibashi M.
Abstract : Two new aminocyclitol amide derivatives, nabscessins A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the culture broth of a pathogenic actinomycete species, Nocardia abscessus IFM 10029T. The structures of nabscessins A and B were elucidated by spectral studies, and the compounds showed antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, with IC50 values of 32 and 16 μg/mL, respectively.
Antifungal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes after 96 hrs by broth micro-dilution method
|
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
|
0.1
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : J Nat Prod
Title : Nabscessins A and B, Aminocyclitol Derivatives from Nocardia abscessus IFM 10029T.
Year : 2017
Volume : 80
Issue : 2
First Page : 565
Last Page : 568
Authors : Hara S, Ishikawa N, Hara Y, Nehira T, Sakai K, Gonoi T, Ishibashi M.
Abstract : Two new aminocyclitol amide derivatives, nabscessins A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the culture broth of a pathogenic actinomycete species, Nocardia abscessus IFM 10029T. The structures of nabscessins A and B were elucidated by spectral studies, and the compounds showed antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, with IC50 values of 32 and 16 μg/mL, respectively.