|
The compound was tested in vitro against the protozoa Entamoeba histolytica, for the inhibition of tubulin polymerization in rat brain
|
Entamoeba histolytica
|
204.0
nM
|
|
Journal : Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
Title : Synthesis and antiparasitic activity of 1H-benzimidazole derivatives.
Year : 2002
Volume : 12
Issue : 16
First Page : 2221
Last Page : 2224
Authors : Valdez J, Cedillo R, Hernández-Campos A, Yépez L, Hernández-Luis F, Navarrete-Vázquez G, Tapia A, Cortés R, Hernández M, Castillo R.
Abstract : Compounds 1-18 have been synthesized and tested in vitro against the protozoa Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica and the helminth Trichinella spiralis. Inhibition of rat brain tubulin polymerization was also measured and compared for each compound. Results indicate that most of the compounds tested were more active as antiprotozoal agents than Metronidazole and Albendazole. None of the compounds was as active as Albendazole against T. spiralis. Although only compounds 3, 9 and 15 (2-methoxycarbonylamino derivatives) inhibited tubulin polymerization, these were not the most potent antiparasitic compounds.
|
The compound was tested in vitro against the protozoa Giardia lamblia, for the inhibition of tubulin polymerization in rat brain
|
Giardia intestinalis
|
57.0
nM
|
|
Journal : Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
Title : Synthesis and antiparasitic activity of 1H-benzimidazole derivatives.
Year : 2002
Volume : 12
Issue : 16
First Page : 2221
Last Page : 2224
Authors : Valdez J, Cedillo R, Hernández-Campos A, Yépez L, Hernández-Luis F, Navarrete-Vázquez G, Tapia A, Cortés R, Hernández M, Castillo R.
Abstract : Compounds 1-18 have been synthesized and tested in vitro against the protozoa Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica and the helminth Trichinella spiralis. Inhibition of rat brain tubulin polymerization was also measured and compared for each compound. Results indicate that most of the compounds tested were more active as antiprotozoal agents than Metronidazole and Albendazole. None of the compounds was as active as Albendazole against T. spiralis. Although only compounds 3, 9 and 15 (2-methoxycarbonylamino derivatives) inhibited tubulin polymerization, these were not the most potent antiparasitic compounds.
|
Inhibition of Co2+ loaded MetAP expressed in Escherichia coli at 10 uM
|
Escherichia coli
|
17.6
%
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Metal-mediated inhibition of Escherichia coli methionine aminopeptidase: structure-activity relationships and development of a novel scoring function for metal-ligand interactions.
Year : 2006
Volume : 49
Issue : 2
First Page : 511
Last Page : 522
Authors : Schiffmann R, Neugebauer A, Klein CD.
Abstract : We report the discovery of thiabendazole as a potent inhibitor (K(i) = 0.4 microM) of Escherichia coli methionine aminopeptidase (ecMetAP) and the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of thiabendazole congeners with activity in the upper nanomolar range. Elucidation of the X-ray structure of ecMetAP in complex with thiabendazole and an unrelated inhibitor that was independently described by another group showed that that both compounds bind to an additional Co(II) ion at the entrance of the active site. This unexpected finding explains the inactivity of the compounds under in vivo conditions. It also allows us to discuss the structure-activity relationships of this series of compounds in a meaningful way, based upon docking runs with an auxiliary metal ion. We describe a new scoring function for the evaluation of metal-mediated inhibitor binding that, unlike the previously used scoring function implemented in the docking program, allows us to distinguish between active and inactive compounds. Finally, conclusions for the structure-based design of in vivo-active inhibitors of ecMetAP are drawn.
|
Antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani assessed as inhibition of mycelial elongation after 48 hrs
|
Rhizoctonia solani
|
7.62
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Eur. J. Med. Chem.
Title : Synthesis, antifungal activity and CoMFA analysis of novel 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives.
Year : 2008
Volume : 43
Issue : 3
First Page : 595
Last Page : 603
Authors : Chen Q, Zhu XL, Jiang LL, Liu ZM, Yang GF.
Abstract : In order to search novel agrochemicals with higher antifungal activity, a series of new 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives bearing 1,3,4-oxadiazole moieties were designed and synthesized. Their antifungal activities against Rhizoctonia solani were evaluated in vitro. By determining the EC(50) values of all the newly synthesized compounds and 10 formerly synthesized compounds, compound 8r, 2-((5-(sec-butylthio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-methylthio)-5-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo-[1,5-a]pyrimidine, was found to display the highest antifungal activity (EC(50)=6.57 microg mL(-1)). Based on the quantitative structure-activity relationships analyses, 2-(1-(5-(sec-butylthio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)ethylthio)-5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (9j) was designed and synthesized, which was found to display much higher activity (EC(50)=3.34 microg mL(-1)) than compound 8r and the control. To further explore the comprehensive structure-activity relationships, a 3D-QSAR analysis using the method of comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) was performed and a statistically reliable model with good predictive power (r(2)=0.929, q(2)=0.588) was achieved on the basis of the common substructure-based alignment. According to the CoMFA model, the structure-antifungal activity relationship was explained reasonably.
|
Inhibition of Escherichia coli MetAP at 25 uM
|
Escherichia coli
|
34.0
%
|
|
Journal : Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
Title : Subtype-selectivity of metal-dependent methionine aminopeptidase inhibitors.
Year : 2010
Volume : 20
Issue : 14
First Page : 4038
Last Page : 4044
Authors : Altmeyer MA, Marschner A, Schiffmann R, Klein CD.
Abstract : Inhibitors of methionine aminopeptidases (MetAPs) are treatment options for various pathological conditions. Several inhibitor classes have been described previously, but only few data on the subtype selectivity, which is of crucial importance for these enzymes, is available. We present a systematic study on the subtype- and species-selectivity of MetAP inhibitors that require the binding of an auxiliary metal ion. This includes, in particular, compounds based on the benzimidazole pharmacophore, but also hydroxyquinoline and picolinic acid derivatives. Our data indicates that a significant degree of selectivity can be attained with metal-dependent MetAP inhibitors.
|
Antiparasitic activity against Giardia duodenalis IMSS:0989 after 48 hrs
|
Giardia intestinalis
|
57.0
nM
|
|
Journal : Eur. J. Med. Chem.
Title : Exploring the interplay of physicochemical properties, membrane permeability and giardicidal activity of some benzimidazole derivatives.
Year : 2012
Volume : 52
First Page : 193
Last Page : 204
Authors : Hernández-Covarrubias C, Vilchis-Reyes MA, Yépez-Mulia L, Sánchez-Díaz R, Navarrete-Vázquez G, Hernández-Campos A, Castillo R, Hernández-Luis F.
Abstract : This study evaluated the relationship between the physicochemical properties, membrane permeability and in vitro giardicidal activity of twenty nine benzimidazole derivatives (1-7n). The retention time data from reverse phase high performance chromatography (RP-HPLC) were used to estimate aqueous solubility and lipophilicity of these compounds. The apparent permeability was determined using Caco-2 cell monolayer. The calculation of some descriptors, such as Clog P, PSA, was performed using ACD labs software. For benzimidazole derivatives with NHCOOCH(3), CH(3), NH(2), SH and SCH(3) groups at the 2-position, a quadratic type of regression model was obtained with giardicidal activity and aqueous solubility or lipophilicity. On the other hand, giardicidal activity of 2-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-benzimidazole derivatives was influenced by lipophilicity, hydrogen bond donors and molecular volume but it was not determined by their apparent permeability in Caco-2 cell line.
|
Fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani assessed as inhibition of mycelium growth by mycelium growth rate test
|
Rhizoctonia solani
|
1.5
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Title : Design, synthesis, and fungicidal activity of macrolactones and macrolactams with a sulfonamide side chain.
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6547
Last Page : 6553
Authors : Zhu WJ, Wu P, Liang XM, Dong YH, Zhang JJ, Yuan HZ, Qi SH, Meng XQ, Wu JP, Chen FH, Wang DQ.
Abstract : Four series of novel macrolactones and macrolactams12-alkylsulfonamido-1,15-pentadecanlactones ( 5), 12-alkylsulfonamido-15-methyl-1,15-pentadecanlactones ( 6), 12-alkylsulfonamido-1,15-pentadecanlactams ( 7), and N-(alkylsulfonamidoethyl)-1,12-dodecanlactams ( 8)were designed and synthesized from readily available 2-nitrocyclododecanone or cyclododecanone. Their structures were confirmed by (1)H NMR, IR, and elemental analysis. The bioassay showed that these compounds displayed fair to excellent fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn and have a gradual increase of fungicidal activity in the order of 6, 7, 8, and 5. Among them, compounds 5a, 5b, and 5c displayed excellent fungicidal activity against R. solani comparable with the commercial fungicide carbendazim. Above results illustrated that the rule on the relationship between the activity and hydrogen-bonding, namely the macrocyclic compounds with a hydrogen-bonding acceptor and a hydrogen-bonding donor on the ring and having a three methylenes distance between two polarizable groups have the best fungicidal activity against R. solani, has a general suitability to the macrocyclic compounds, and pesticide molecules may combine with a target enzyme by hydrogen-bonding. The facts, which compound 6 has a much lower fungicidal activity against R. solani than compound 5 but their difference in chemical structure is only that there is a methyl group on the C15 for compound 6 and none but hydrogen atom on the C15 for compound 5, indicated that a methyl group plays an inhibitory role to the fungicidal activity. It suggests that the existence of a methyl group with a great volume between two polarizable groups would interfere in the interaction of pesticide molecules and the target enzyme.
|
Fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA assessed as inhibition of mycelial radial growth
|
Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA
|
0.17
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Effect of doses of fungicides and plant resistance activators on the control of Rhizoctonia foliar blight of soybean, and on Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA in vitro development
Year : 2006
Volume : 25
Issue : 8
First Page : 848
Last Page : 854
Authors : Meyer MC, Bueno CJ, Souza NLde, Yorinori JT.
Abstract : Rhizoctonia foliar blight (RFB) of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] occurs in many tropical and subtropical regions, causing yield reductions of up to 70% and in Brazil, up to 60%. The disease is caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA and AG1-IB, and by AG2-3 in Japan. RFB occurs in the North, Northeast and Mid-west regions of Brazil. Chemical control remains the only effective method of controlling RFB, but its efficiency depends upon environmental conditions. In this study, 18 fungicides, salicylic acid (SA) and acibenzolar-s-methyl (ASM) were evaluated on R. solani AG1-IA in vitro, by mycelial growth rating and estimating effective concentration for 50% (EC 50) and 90% (EC 90) inhibition of mycelial growth, and in vivo by reduction of disease severity on soybean plants in greenhouse conditions. Mycelial growth was strongly inhibited by the fungicides pyraclostrobin+boscalid and fludioxonil. Preventive fungicide applications were the most effective. Strobilurins were more efficient both in preventive and curative applications. Best results with plant resistance activators were obtained with SA (2.5 mM) sprayed at 20 d before inoculation and with ASM (12.5 mg a.i. l-1) 10 d before inoculation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Colletotrichum capsici assessed as inhibition of spore germination at 0.1 ug/ml after 48 to 96 hr relative to control
|
Colletotrichum capsici
|
35.0
%
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Effect of propiconazole and difenoconazole on the control of anthracnose of chilli fruits caused by Colletotrichum capsici
Year : 2006
Volume : 25
Issue : 9
First Page : 1024
Last Page : 1031
Authors : Gopinath K, Radhakrishnan NV, Jayaraj J.
|
Antifungal activity against carbendazim-resistant and dimethachlon-resistant Sclerotinia sclerotiorum CZ57-2 assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth after 2 days
|
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
|
100.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from oilseed crops to boscalid in Jiangsu Province of China
Year : 2009
Volume : 28
Issue : 10
First Page : 882
Last Page : 886
Authors : Wang Jian-Xin, Ma Hui-Xia, Chen Yu, Zhu Xiao-Fen, Yu Wen-Yuan, Tang Zheng-He, Chen Chang-Jun, Zhou Ming-Guo.
Abstract : Between 2006 and 2008, 120 isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from the Jiangsu Province of China were characterized for the baseline sensitivity to boscalid, a new active ingredient that interferes with succinate ubiquinone reductase in the electron transport chain of fungi. The isolates collected between 2006 and 2008 all showed similar sensitivity to boscalid. Baseline sensitivities were distributed as unimodal curves with mean EC₅₀ values of 0.17+/-0.09 μg ml ⁻¹ for inhibition of mycelial growth. Inhibition of mycelial growth of isolates whether they had resistance to carbendazim or, dimethachlon or dual resistance to both carbendazim and dimethachlon was similar, suggesting that there was no cross-resistance between boscalid and MBC/dimethachlon already in commercial use. In field trials, the treatments boscalid (50% WG), at 125, 187.5 and 250g ai ha ⁻¹ provided higher control efficacies of 65.2, 69.0 and 75.1%, respectively, than the treatments carbendazim (50% WP), at 750g ai ha ⁻¹ and dimethachlon (46% WP), at 690g ai ha ⁻¹ with control efficacies of 18.9 and 44.6%, respectively.
|
Antifungal activity against carbendazim-resistant and dimethachlon-resistant Sclerotinia sclerotiorum CZ57-3 assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth after 2 days
|
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
|
100.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from oilseed crops to boscalid in Jiangsu Province of China
Year : 2009
Volume : 28
Issue : 10
First Page : 882
Last Page : 886
Authors : Wang Jian-Xin, Ma Hui-Xia, Chen Yu, Zhu Xiao-Fen, Yu Wen-Yuan, Tang Zheng-He, Chen Chang-Jun, Zhou Ming-Guo.
Abstract : Between 2006 and 2008, 120 isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from the Jiangsu Province of China were characterized for the baseline sensitivity to boscalid, a new active ingredient that interferes with succinate ubiquinone reductase in the electron transport chain of fungi. The isolates collected between 2006 and 2008 all showed similar sensitivity to boscalid. Baseline sensitivities were distributed as unimodal curves with mean EC₅₀ values of 0.17+/-0.09 μg ml ⁻¹ for inhibition of mycelial growth. Inhibition of mycelial growth of isolates whether they had resistance to carbendazim or, dimethachlon or dual resistance to both carbendazim and dimethachlon was similar, suggesting that there was no cross-resistance between boscalid and MBC/dimethachlon already in commercial use. In field trials, the treatments boscalid (50% WG), at 125, 187.5 and 250g ai ha ⁻¹ provided higher control efficacies of 65.2, 69.0 and 75.1%, respectively, than the treatments carbendazim (50% WP), at 750g ai ha ⁻¹ and dimethachlon (46% WP), at 690g ai ha ⁻¹ with control efficacies of 18.9 and 44.6%, respectively.
|
Antifungal activity against carbendazim-resistant and dimethachlon-resistant Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ZJ288-3 assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth after 2 days
|
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
|
100.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from oilseed crops to boscalid in Jiangsu Province of China
Year : 2009
Volume : 28
Issue : 10
First Page : 882
Last Page : 886
Authors : Wang Jian-Xin, Ma Hui-Xia, Chen Yu, Zhu Xiao-Fen, Yu Wen-Yuan, Tang Zheng-He, Chen Chang-Jun, Zhou Ming-Guo.
Abstract : Between 2006 and 2008, 120 isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from the Jiangsu Province of China were characterized for the baseline sensitivity to boscalid, a new active ingredient that interferes with succinate ubiquinone reductase in the electron transport chain of fungi. The isolates collected between 2006 and 2008 all showed similar sensitivity to boscalid. Baseline sensitivities were distributed as unimodal curves with mean EC₅₀ values of 0.17+/-0.09 μg ml ⁻¹ for inhibition of mycelial growth. Inhibition of mycelial growth of isolates whether they had resistance to carbendazim or, dimethachlon or dual resistance to both carbendazim and dimethachlon was similar, suggesting that there was no cross-resistance between boscalid and MBC/dimethachlon already in commercial use. In field trials, the treatments boscalid (50% WG), at 125, 187.5 and 250g ai ha ⁻¹ provided higher control efficacies of 65.2, 69.0 and 75.1%, respectively, than the treatments carbendazim (50% WP), at 750g ai ha ⁻¹ and dimethachlon (46% WP), at 690g ai ha ⁻¹ with control efficacies of 18.9 and 44.6%, respectively.
|
Antifungal activity against carbendazim-resistant and dimethachlon-resistant Sclerotinia sclerotiorum CZ57-1 assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth after 2 days
|
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
|
100.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from oilseed crops to boscalid in Jiangsu Province of China
Year : 2009
Volume : 28
Issue : 10
First Page : 882
Last Page : 886
Authors : Wang Jian-Xin, Ma Hui-Xia, Chen Yu, Zhu Xiao-Fen, Yu Wen-Yuan, Tang Zheng-He, Chen Chang-Jun, Zhou Ming-Guo.
Abstract : Between 2006 and 2008, 120 isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from the Jiangsu Province of China were characterized for the baseline sensitivity to boscalid, a new active ingredient that interferes with succinate ubiquinone reductase in the electron transport chain of fungi. The isolates collected between 2006 and 2008 all showed similar sensitivity to boscalid. Baseline sensitivities were distributed as unimodal curves with mean EC₅₀ values of 0.17+/-0.09 μg ml ⁻¹ for inhibition of mycelial growth. Inhibition of mycelial growth of isolates whether they had resistance to carbendazim or, dimethachlon or dual resistance to both carbendazim and dimethachlon was similar, suggesting that there was no cross-resistance between boscalid and MBC/dimethachlon already in commercial use. In field trials, the treatments boscalid (50% WG), at 125, 187.5 and 250g ai ha ⁻¹ provided higher control efficacies of 65.2, 69.0 and 75.1%, respectively, than the treatments carbendazim (50% WP), at 750g ai ha ⁻¹ and dimethachlon (46% WP), at 690g ai ha ⁻¹ with control efficacies of 18.9 and 44.6%, respectively.
|
Antifungal activity against carbendazim-resistant and dimethachlon-resistant Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ZJ288-2 assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth after 2 days
|
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
|
100.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from oilseed crops to boscalid in Jiangsu Province of China
Year : 2009
Volume : 28
Issue : 10
First Page : 882
Last Page : 886
Authors : Wang Jian-Xin, Ma Hui-Xia, Chen Yu, Zhu Xiao-Fen, Yu Wen-Yuan, Tang Zheng-He, Chen Chang-Jun, Zhou Ming-Guo.
Abstract : Between 2006 and 2008, 120 isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from the Jiangsu Province of China were characterized for the baseline sensitivity to boscalid, a new active ingredient that interferes with succinate ubiquinone reductase in the electron transport chain of fungi. The isolates collected between 2006 and 2008 all showed similar sensitivity to boscalid. Baseline sensitivities were distributed as unimodal curves with mean EC₅₀ values of 0.17+/-0.09 μg ml ⁻¹ for inhibition of mycelial growth. Inhibition of mycelial growth of isolates whether they had resistance to carbendazim or, dimethachlon or dual resistance to both carbendazim and dimethachlon was similar, suggesting that there was no cross-resistance between boscalid and MBC/dimethachlon already in commercial use. In field trials, the treatments boscalid (50% WG), at 125, 187.5 and 250g ai ha ⁻¹ provided higher control efficacies of 65.2, 69.0 and 75.1%, respectively, than the treatments carbendazim (50% WP), at 750g ai ha ⁻¹ and dimethachlon (46% WP), at 690g ai ha ⁻¹ with control efficacies of 18.9 and 44.6%, respectively.
|
Antifungal activity against carbendazim-resistant and dimethachlon-sensitive Sclerotinia sclerotiorum SZ48 assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth after 2 days
|
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
|
100.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from oilseed crops to boscalid in Jiangsu Province of China
Year : 2009
Volume : 28
Issue : 10
First Page : 882
Last Page : 886
Authors : Wang Jian-Xin, Ma Hui-Xia, Chen Yu, Zhu Xiao-Fen, Yu Wen-Yuan, Tang Zheng-He, Chen Chang-Jun, Zhou Ming-Guo.
Abstract : Between 2006 and 2008, 120 isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from the Jiangsu Province of China were characterized for the baseline sensitivity to boscalid, a new active ingredient that interferes with succinate ubiquinone reductase in the electron transport chain of fungi. The isolates collected between 2006 and 2008 all showed similar sensitivity to boscalid. Baseline sensitivities were distributed as unimodal curves with mean EC₅₀ values of 0.17+/-0.09 μg ml ⁻¹ for inhibition of mycelial growth. Inhibition of mycelial growth of isolates whether they had resistance to carbendazim or, dimethachlon or dual resistance to both carbendazim and dimethachlon was similar, suggesting that there was no cross-resistance between boscalid and MBC/dimethachlon already in commercial use. In field trials, the treatments boscalid (50% WG), at 125, 187.5 and 250g ai ha ⁻¹ provided higher control efficacies of 65.2, 69.0 and 75.1%, respectively, than the treatments carbendazim (50% WP), at 750g ai ha ⁻¹ and dimethachlon (46% WP), at 690g ai ha ⁻¹ with control efficacies of 18.9 and 44.6%, respectively.
|
Antifungal activity against carbendazim-resistant and dimethachlon-resistant Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ZJ288-1 assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth after 2 days
|
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
|
100.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from oilseed crops to boscalid in Jiangsu Province of China
Year : 2009
Volume : 28
Issue : 10
First Page : 882
Last Page : 886
Authors : Wang Jian-Xin, Ma Hui-Xia, Chen Yu, Zhu Xiao-Fen, Yu Wen-Yuan, Tang Zheng-He, Chen Chang-Jun, Zhou Ming-Guo.
Abstract : Between 2006 and 2008, 120 isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from the Jiangsu Province of China were characterized for the baseline sensitivity to boscalid, a new active ingredient that interferes with succinate ubiquinone reductase in the electron transport chain of fungi. The isolates collected between 2006 and 2008 all showed similar sensitivity to boscalid. Baseline sensitivities were distributed as unimodal curves with mean EC₅₀ values of 0.17+/-0.09 μg ml ⁻¹ for inhibition of mycelial growth. Inhibition of mycelial growth of isolates whether they had resistance to carbendazim or, dimethachlon or dual resistance to both carbendazim and dimethachlon was similar, suggesting that there was no cross-resistance between boscalid and MBC/dimethachlon already in commercial use. In field trials, the treatments boscalid (50% WG), at 125, 187.5 and 250g ai ha ⁻¹ provided higher control efficacies of 65.2, 69.0 and 75.1%, respectively, than the treatments carbendazim (50% WP), at 750g ai ha ⁻¹ and dimethachlon (46% WP), at 690g ai ha ⁻¹ with control efficacies of 18.9 and 44.6%, respectively.
|
Antifungal activity against carbendazim-resistant and dimethachlon-sensitive Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ZJ47 assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth after 2 days
|
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
|
100.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from oilseed crops to boscalid in Jiangsu Province of China
Year : 2009
Volume : 28
Issue : 10
First Page : 882
Last Page : 886
Authors : Wang Jian-Xin, Ma Hui-Xia, Chen Yu, Zhu Xiao-Fen, Yu Wen-Yuan, Tang Zheng-He, Chen Chang-Jun, Zhou Ming-Guo.
Abstract : Between 2006 and 2008, 120 isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from the Jiangsu Province of China were characterized for the baseline sensitivity to boscalid, a new active ingredient that interferes with succinate ubiquinone reductase in the electron transport chain of fungi. The isolates collected between 2006 and 2008 all showed similar sensitivity to boscalid. Baseline sensitivities were distributed as unimodal curves with mean EC₅₀ values of 0.17+/-0.09 μg ml ⁻¹ for inhibition of mycelial growth. Inhibition of mycelial growth of isolates whether they had resistance to carbendazim or, dimethachlon or dual resistance to both carbendazim and dimethachlon was similar, suggesting that there was no cross-resistance between boscalid and MBC/dimethachlon already in commercial use. In field trials, the treatments boscalid (50% WG), at 125, 187.5 and 250g ai ha ⁻¹ provided higher control efficacies of 65.2, 69.0 and 75.1%, respectively, than the treatments carbendazim (50% WP), at 750g ai ha ⁻¹ and dimethachlon (46% WP), at 690g ai ha ⁻¹ with control efficacies of 18.9 and 44.6%, respectively.
|
Antifungal activity against carbendazim-resistant and dimethachlon-sensitive Sclerotinia sclerotiorum TZ83 assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth after 2 days
|
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
|
100.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from oilseed crops to boscalid in Jiangsu Province of China
Year : 2009
Volume : 28
Issue : 10
First Page : 882
Last Page : 886
Authors : Wang Jian-Xin, Ma Hui-Xia, Chen Yu, Zhu Xiao-Fen, Yu Wen-Yuan, Tang Zheng-He, Chen Chang-Jun, Zhou Ming-Guo.
Abstract : Between 2006 and 2008, 120 isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from the Jiangsu Province of China were characterized for the baseline sensitivity to boscalid, a new active ingredient that interferes with succinate ubiquinone reductase in the electron transport chain of fungi. The isolates collected between 2006 and 2008 all showed similar sensitivity to boscalid. Baseline sensitivities were distributed as unimodal curves with mean EC₅₀ values of 0.17+/-0.09 μg ml ⁻¹ for inhibition of mycelial growth. Inhibition of mycelial growth of isolates whether they had resistance to carbendazim or, dimethachlon or dual resistance to both carbendazim and dimethachlon was similar, suggesting that there was no cross-resistance between boscalid and MBC/dimethachlon already in commercial use. In field trials, the treatments boscalid (50% WG), at 125, 187.5 and 250g ai ha ⁻¹ provided higher control efficacies of 65.2, 69.0 and 75.1%, respectively, than the treatments carbendazim (50% WP), at 750g ai ha ⁻¹ and dimethachlon (46% WP), at 690g ai ha ⁻¹ with control efficacies of 18.9 and 44.6%, respectively.
|
Antifungal activity against carbendazim-resistant and dimethachlon-sensitive Sclerotinia sclerotiorum YC35 assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth after 2 days
|
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
|
100.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from oilseed crops to boscalid in Jiangsu Province of China
Year : 2009
Volume : 28
Issue : 10
First Page : 882
Last Page : 886
Authors : Wang Jian-Xin, Ma Hui-Xia, Chen Yu, Zhu Xiao-Fen, Yu Wen-Yuan, Tang Zheng-He, Chen Chang-Jun, Zhou Ming-Guo.
Abstract : Between 2006 and 2008, 120 isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from the Jiangsu Province of China were characterized for the baseline sensitivity to boscalid, a new active ingredient that interferes with succinate ubiquinone reductase in the electron transport chain of fungi. The isolates collected between 2006 and 2008 all showed similar sensitivity to boscalid. Baseline sensitivities were distributed as unimodal curves with mean EC₅₀ values of 0.17+/-0.09 μg ml ⁻¹ for inhibition of mycelial growth. Inhibition of mycelial growth of isolates whether they had resistance to carbendazim or, dimethachlon or dual resistance to both carbendazim and dimethachlon was similar, suggesting that there was no cross-resistance between boscalid and MBC/dimethachlon already in commercial use. In field trials, the treatments boscalid (50% WG), at 125, 187.5 and 250g ai ha ⁻¹ provided higher control efficacies of 65.2, 69.0 and 75.1%, respectively, than the treatments carbendazim (50% WP), at 750g ai ha ⁻¹ and dimethachlon (46% WP), at 690g ai ha ⁻¹ with control efficacies of 18.9 and 44.6%, respectively.
|
Antifungal activity against carbendazim-resistant and dimethachlon-sensitive Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ZJ44 assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth after 2 days
|
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
|
100.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from oilseed crops to boscalid in Jiangsu Province of China
Year : 2009
Volume : 28
Issue : 10
First Page : 882
Last Page : 886
Authors : Wang Jian-Xin, Ma Hui-Xia, Chen Yu, Zhu Xiao-Fen, Yu Wen-Yuan, Tang Zheng-He, Chen Chang-Jun, Zhou Ming-Guo.
Abstract : Between 2006 and 2008, 120 isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from the Jiangsu Province of China were characterized for the baseline sensitivity to boscalid, a new active ingredient that interferes with succinate ubiquinone reductase in the electron transport chain of fungi. The isolates collected between 2006 and 2008 all showed similar sensitivity to boscalid. Baseline sensitivities were distributed as unimodal curves with mean EC₅₀ values of 0.17+/-0.09 μg ml ⁻¹ for inhibition of mycelial growth. Inhibition of mycelial growth of isolates whether they had resistance to carbendazim or, dimethachlon or dual resistance to both carbendazim and dimethachlon was similar, suggesting that there was no cross-resistance between boscalid and MBC/dimethachlon already in commercial use. In field trials, the treatments boscalid (50% WG), at 125, 187.5 and 250g ai ha ⁻¹ provided higher control efficacies of 65.2, 69.0 and 75.1%, respectively, than the treatments carbendazim (50% WP), at 750g ai ha ⁻¹ and dimethachlon (46% WP), at 690g ai ha ⁻¹ with control efficacies of 18.9 and 44.6%, respectively.
|
Antifungal activity against carbendazim-resistant and dimethachlon-sensitive Sclerotinia sclerotiorum CZ57 assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth after 2 days
|
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
|
0.168
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from oilseed crops to boscalid in Jiangsu Province of China
Year : 2009
Volume : 28
Issue : 10
First Page : 882
Last Page : 886
Authors : Wang Jian-Xin, Ma Hui-Xia, Chen Yu, Zhu Xiao-Fen, Yu Wen-Yuan, Tang Zheng-He, Chen Chang-Jun, Zhou Ming-Guo.
Abstract : Between 2006 and 2008, 120 isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from the Jiangsu Province of China were characterized for the baseline sensitivity to boscalid, a new active ingredient that interferes with succinate ubiquinone reductase in the electron transport chain of fungi. The isolates collected between 2006 and 2008 all showed similar sensitivity to boscalid. Baseline sensitivities were distributed as unimodal curves with mean EC₅₀ values of 0.17+/-0.09 μg ml ⁻¹ for inhibition of mycelial growth. Inhibition of mycelial growth of isolates whether they had resistance to carbendazim or, dimethachlon or dual resistance to both carbendazim and dimethachlon was similar, suggesting that there was no cross-resistance between boscalid and MBC/dimethachlon already in commercial use. In field trials, the treatments boscalid (50% WG), at 125, 187.5 and 250g ai ha ⁻¹ provided higher control efficacies of 65.2, 69.0 and 75.1%, respectively, than the treatments carbendazim (50% WP), at 750g ai ha ⁻¹ and dimethachlon (46% WP), at 690g ai ha ⁻¹ with control efficacies of 18.9 and 44.6%, respectively.
|
Antifungal activity against carbendazim-resistant and dimethachlon-sensitive Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ZJ288 assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth after 2 days
|
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
|
0.147
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from oilseed crops to boscalid in Jiangsu Province of China
Year : 2009
Volume : 28
Issue : 10
First Page : 882
Last Page : 886
Authors : Wang Jian-Xin, Ma Hui-Xia, Chen Yu, Zhu Xiao-Fen, Yu Wen-Yuan, Tang Zheng-He, Chen Chang-Jun, Zhou Ming-Guo.
Abstract : Between 2006 and 2008, 120 isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from the Jiangsu Province of China were characterized for the baseline sensitivity to boscalid, a new active ingredient that interferes with succinate ubiquinone reductase in the electron transport chain of fungi. The isolates collected between 2006 and 2008 all showed similar sensitivity to boscalid. Baseline sensitivities were distributed as unimodal curves with mean EC₅₀ values of 0.17+/-0.09 μg ml ⁻¹ for inhibition of mycelial growth. Inhibition of mycelial growth of isolates whether they had resistance to carbendazim or, dimethachlon or dual resistance to both carbendazim and dimethachlon was similar, suggesting that there was no cross-resistance between boscalid and MBC/dimethachlon already in commercial use. In field trials, the treatments boscalid (50% WG), at 125, 187.5 and 250g ai ha ⁻¹ provided higher control efficacies of 65.2, 69.0 and 75.1%, respectively, than the treatments carbendazim (50% WP), at 750g ai ha ⁻¹ and dimethachlon (46% WP), at 690g ai ha ⁻¹ with control efficacies of 18.9 and 44.6%, respectively.
|
Antifungal activity against carbendazim and dimethachlon-sensitive Sclerotinia sclerotiorum SZ47 assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth after 2 days
|
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
|
0.177
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from oilseed crops to boscalid in Jiangsu Province of China
Year : 2009
Volume : 28
Issue : 10
First Page : 882
Last Page : 886
Authors : Wang Jian-Xin, Ma Hui-Xia, Chen Yu, Zhu Xiao-Fen, Yu Wen-Yuan, Tang Zheng-He, Chen Chang-Jun, Zhou Ming-Guo.
Abstract : Between 2006 and 2008, 120 isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from the Jiangsu Province of China were characterized for the baseline sensitivity to boscalid, a new active ingredient that interferes with succinate ubiquinone reductase in the electron transport chain of fungi. The isolates collected between 2006 and 2008 all showed similar sensitivity to boscalid. Baseline sensitivities were distributed as unimodal curves with mean EC₅₀ values of 0.17+/-0.09 μg ml ⁻¹ for inhibition of mycelial growth. Inhibition of mycelial growth of isolates whether they had resistance to carbendazim or, dimethachlon or dual resistance to both carbendazim and dimethachlon was similar, suggesting that there was no cross-resistance between boscalid and MBC/dimethachlon already in commercial use. In field trials, the treatments boscalid (50% WG), at 125, 187.5 and 250g ai ha ⁻¹ provided higher control efficacies of 65.2, 69.0 and 75.1%, respectively, than the treatments carbendazim (50% WP), at 750g ai ha ⁻¹ and dimethachlon (46% WP), at 690g ai ha ⁻¹ with control efficacies of 18.9 and 44.6%, respectively.
|
Antifungal activity against carbendazim and dimethachlon-sensitive Sclerotinia sclerotiorum SZ62 assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth after 2 days
|
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
|
0.186
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from oilseed crops to boscalid in Jiangsu Province of China
Year : 2009
Volume : 28
Issue : 10
First Page : 882
Last Page : 886
Authors : Wang Jian-Xin, Ma Hui-Xia, Chen Yu, Zhu Xiao-Fen, Yu Wen-Yuan, Tang Zheng-He, Chen Chang-Jun, Zhou Ming-Guo.
Abstract : Between 2006 and 2008, 120 isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from the Jiangsu Province of China were characterized for the baseline sensitivity to boscalid, a new active ingredient that interferes with succinate ubiquinone reductase in the electron transport chain of fungi. The isolates collected between 2006 and 2008 all showed similar sensitivity to boscalid. Baseline sensitivities were distributed as unimodal curves with mean EC₅₀ values of 0.17+/-0.09 μg ml ⁻¹ for inhibition of mycelial growth. Inhibition of mycelial growth of isolates whether they had resistance to carbendazim or, dimethachlon or dual resistance to both carbendazim and dimethachlon was similar, suggesting that there was no cross-resistance between boscalid and MBC/dimethachlon already in commercial use. In field trials, the treatments boscalid (50% WG), at 125, 187.5 and 250g ai ha ⁻¹ provided higher control efficacies of 65.2, 69.0 and 75.1%, respectively, than the treatments carbendazim (50% WP), at 750g ai ha ⁻¹ and dimethachlon (46% WP), at 690g ai ha ⁻¹ with control efficacies of 18.9 and 44.6%, respectively.
|
Antifungal activity against carbendazim and dimethachlon-sensitive Sclerotinia sclerotiorum YZ116 assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth after 2 days
|
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
|
0.137
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from oilseed crops to boscalid in Jiangsu Province of China
Year : 2009
Volume : 28
Issue : 10
First Page : 882
Last Page : 886
Authors : Wang Jian-Xin, Ma Hui-Xia, Chen Yu, Zhu Xiao-Fen, Yu Wen-Yuan, Tang Zheng-He, Chen Chang-Jun, Zhou Ming-Guo.
Abstract : Between 2006 and 2008, 120 isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from the Jiangsu Province of China were characterized for the baseline sensitivity to boscalid, a new active ingredient that interferes with succinate ubiquinone reductase in the electron transport chain of fungi. The isolates collected between 2006 and 2008 all showed similar sensitivity to boscalid. Baseline sensitivities were distributed as unimodal curves with mean EC₅₀ values of 0.17+/-0.09 μg ml ⁻¹ for inhibition of mycelial growth. Inhibition of mycelial growth of isolates whether they had resistance to carbendazim or, dimethachlon or dual resistance to both carbendazim and dimethachlon was similar, suggesting that there was no cross-resistance between boscalid and MBC/dimethachlon already in commercial use. In field trials, the treatments boscalid (50% WG), at 125, 187.5 and 250g ai ha ⁻¹ provided higher control efficacies of 65.2, 69.0 and 75.1%, respectively, than the treatments carbendazim (50% WP), at 750g ai ha ⁻¹ and dimethachlon (46% WP), at 690g ai ha ⁻¹ with control efficacies of 18.9 and 44.6%, respectively.
|
Antifungal activity against carbendazim and dimethachlon-sensitive Sclerotinia sclerotiorum YZ114 assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth after 2 days
|
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
|
0.134
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from oilseed crops to boscalid in Jiangsu Province of China
Year : 2009
Volume : 28
Issue : 10
First Page : 882
Last Page : 886
Authors : Wang Jian-Xin, Ma Hui-Xia, Chen Yu, Zhu Xiao-Fen, Yu Wen-Yuan, Tang Zheng-He, Chen Chang-Jun, Zhou Ming-Guo.
Abstract : Between 2006 and 2008, 120 isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from the Jiangsu Province of China were characterized for the baseline sensitivity to boscalid, a new active ingredient that interferes with succinate ubiquinone reductase in the electron transport chain of fungi. The isolates collected between 2006 and 2008 all showed similar sensitivity to boscalid. Baseline sensitivities were distributed as unimodal curves with mean EC₅₀ values of 0.17+/-0.09 μg ml ⁻¹ for inhibition of mycelial growth. Inhibition of mycelial growth of isolates whether they had resistance to carbendazim or, dimethachlon or dual resistance to both carbendazim and dimethachlon was similar, suggesting that there was no cross-resistance between boscalid and MBC/dimethachlon already in commercial use. In field trials, the treatments boscalid (50% WG), at 125, 187.5 and 250g ai ha ⁻¹ provided higher control efficacies of 65.2, 69.0 and 75.1%, respectively, than the treatments carbendazim (50% WP), at 750g ai ha ⁻¹ and dimethachlon (46% WP), at 690g ai ha ⁻¹ with control efficacies of 18.9 and 44.6%, respectively.
|
Antifungal activity against carbendazim and dimethachlon-sensitive Sclerotinia sclerotiorum YZ112 assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth after 2 days
|
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
|
0.106
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from oilseed crops to boscalid in Jiangsu Province of China
Year : 2009
Volume : 28
Issue : 10
First Page : 882
Last Page : 886
Authors : Wang Jian-Xin, Ma Hui-Xia, Chen Yu, Zhu Xiao-Fen, Yu Wen-Yuan, Tang Zheng-He, Chen Chang-Jun, Zhou Ming-Guo.
Abstract : Between 2006 and 2008, 120 isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from the Jiangsu Province of China were characterized for the baseline sensitivity to boscalid, a new active ingredient that interferes with succinate ubiquinone reductase in the electron transport chain of fungi. The isolates collected between 2006 and 2008 all showed similar sensitivity to boscalid. Baseline sensitivities were distributed as unimodal curves with mean EC₅₀ values of 0.17+/-0.09 μg ml ⁻¹ for inhibition of mycelial growth. Inhibition of mycelial growth of isolates whether they had resistance to carbendazim or, dimethachlon or dual resistance to both carbendazim and dimethachlon was similar, suggesting that there was no cross-resistance between boscalid and MBC/dimethachlon already in commercial use. In field trials, the treatments boscalid (50% WG), at 125, 187.5 and 250g ai ha ⁻¹ provided higher control efficacies of 65.2, 69.0 and 75.1%, respectively, than the treatments carbendazim (50% WP), at 750g ai ha ⁻¹ and dimethachlon (46% WP), at 690g ai ha ⁻¹ with control efficacies of 18.9 and 44.6%, respectively.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate KX5 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
50.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate KX4 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
50.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate KX3 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.09
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate KX2 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.08
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate KX1 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.06
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLNS2 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
50.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLNS1 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
50.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLX5 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
50.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLX4 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.11
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLX2 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.12
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLX3 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
50.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLX1 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
50.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLP7 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
50.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLP4 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
50.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLP2 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.06
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLK24 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.02
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLK12 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
50.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLK10 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.07
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLK9 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.08
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLK8 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.09
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLK7 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.08
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLK6 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
50.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLK5 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
50.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLK4A assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.12
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLK4 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
50.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLK2 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
50.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLK1 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
50.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLKS2 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.01
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLKS1 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.11
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLG7 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.12
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLG6 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.12
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLG5 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.09
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLG4 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.11
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLG3 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.08
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLG2 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.08
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLG1 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.1
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLC6 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.12
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLC5 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.11
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLC4 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.09
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLC3 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
50.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLC2 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
50.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLC1 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.03
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLBO8 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.06
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLBO7 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.1
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLBO6 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.12
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLBO5 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.07
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLBO4 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.05
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLBO3 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.05
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLBO2 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.18
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLBO1 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.11
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate B1 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
50.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLB1 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
50.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLA1 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.06
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLAl8 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth rate at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
50.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
|
Fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani by mycelium growth rate test
|
Rhizoctonia solani
|
1.54
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Title : Synthesis and fungicidal activity of macrolactams and macrolactones with an oxime ether side chain.
Year : 2007
Volume : 55
Issue : 26
First Page : 10857
Last Page : 10863
Authors : Huang JX, Jia YM, Liang XM, Zhu WJ, Zhang JJ, Dong YH, Yuan HZ, Qi SH, Wu JP, Chen FH, Wang DQ.
Abstract : Three series of novel macrolactams and macrolactones--12-alkoxyimino-tetradecanlactam, 12-alkoxyiminopentadecanlactam, and 12-alkoxyiminodecanlactone derivatives (7A, 7B, and 7C)--were synthesized from corresponding 12-oxomacrolactams and 12-oxomacrolactone. Their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR and elemental analysis. The Z and E isomers of 7A and 7B were separated, and their configurations were determined by 1H NMR. These compounds showed fair to excellent fungicidal activities against Rhizoctonia solani Kühn. It is interesting that the Z and E isomers of most of the compounds have quite different fungicidal activities. The fact that the compounds have a gradual increase of fungicidal activity in the order of 7A, 7C, and 7B indicated that the macrocyclic derivatives with a hydrogen-bonding acceptor (=N-O-) and a hydrogen-bonding donor (-CONH-) on the ring, and a three methylenes distance (CH2CH2CH2) between these two functional groups, exhibited the best fungicidal activity. The bioassay also showed that 7B not only has good fungicidal activity but also may have a broad spectrum of fungicidal activities.
|
Fungicidal activity against Fusarium graminearum assessed as mycelial growth inhibition in potato dextrose agar at 24 +/- 0.5 degC
|
Fusarium graminearum
|
1.95
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Title : Synthesis and fungicidal activity of novel 2-oxocycloalkylsulfonylureas.
Year : 2005
Volume : 53
Issue : 6
First Page : 2202
Last Page : 2206
Authors : Li XH, Yang XL, Ling Y, Fan ZJ, Liang XM, Wang DQ, Chen FH, Li ZM.
Abstract : A series of 2-oxocycloalkylsulfonylureas (2) have been synthesized in a six-step, three-pot reaction sequence from readily available cyclododecanone, cycloheptanone, and cyclohexanone. Their structures were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, and elemental analysis. The bioassay indicated that some of them possess certain fungicidal activity against Gibberella zeae Petch. In general, compounds containing a 12-membered ring (2A) are more active than those containing a 6- or 7-membered ring (2B, 2C). In the series 2A, the compounds in which R is a disubstituted phenyl or pyrimidyl showed better activity than those in which R is a monosubstituted phenyl or pyrimidyl, and aryl-substituted compounds have somewhat higher activity than those substituted by pyrimidyl. The further bioassay showed that the representative of 2A, 2A15, has good fungicidal activities against not only G. zeae Petch but also Botrytis cinerea Pers, Colletotrichum orbiculare Arx, Pythium aphanidermatum Fitzp, Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp. Vasinfectum, etc.
|
Fungicidal activity against Verticillium dahliae assessed as mycelial growth inhibition in potato dextrose agar at 24 +/- 0.5 degC
|
Verticillium dahliae
|
18.2
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Title : Synthesis and fungicidal activity of novel 2-oxocycloalkylsulfonylureas.
Year : 2005
Volume : 53
Issue : 6
First Page : 2202
Last Page : 2206
Authors : Li XH, Yang XL, Ling Y, Fan ZJ, Liang XM, Wang DQ, Chen FH, Li ZM.
Abstract : A series of 2-oxocycloalkylsulfonylureas (2) have been synthesized in a six-step, three-pot reaction sequence from readily available cyclododecanone, cycloheptanone, and cyclohexanone. Their structures were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, and elemental analysis. The bioassay indicated that some of them possess certain fungicidal activity against Gibberella zeae Petch. In general, compounds containing a 12-membered ring (2A) are more active than those containing a 6- or 7-membered ring (2B, 2C). In the series 2A, the compounds in which R is a disubstituted phenyl or pyrimidyl showed better activity than those in which R is a monosubstituted phenyl or pyrimidyl, and aryl-substituted compounds have somewhat higher activity than those substituted by pyrimidyl. The further bioassay showed that the representative of 2A, 2A15, has good fungicidal activities against not only G. zeae Petch but also Botrytis cinerea Pers, Colletotrichum orbiculare Arx, Pythium aphanidermatum Fitzp, Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp. Vasinfectum, etc.
|
Fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani assessed as mycelial growth inhibition in potato dextrose agar at 24 +/- 0.5 degC
|
Rhizoctonia solani
|
1.41
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Title : Synthesis and fungicidal activity of novel 2-oxocycloalkylsulfonylureas.
Year : 2005
Volume : 53
Issue : 6
First Page : 2202
Last Page : 2206
Authors : Li XH, Yang XL, Ling Y, Fan ZJ, Liang XM, Wang DQ, Chen FH, Li ZM.
Abstract : A series of 2-oxocycloalkylsulfonylureas (2) have been synthesized in a six-step, three-pot reaction sequence from readily available cyclododecanone, cycloheptanone, and cyclohexanone. Their structures were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, and elemental analysis. The bioassay indicated that some of them possess certain fungicidal activity against Gibberella zeae Petch. In general, compounds containing a 12-membered ring (2A) are more active than those containing a 6- or 7-membered ring (2B, 2C). In the series 2A, the compounds in which R is a disubstituted phenyl or pyrimidyl showed better activity than those in which R is a monosubstituted phenyl or pyrimidyl, and aryl-substituted compounds have somewhat higher activity than those substituted by pyrimidyl. The further bioassay showed that the representative of 2A, 2A15, has good fungicidal activities against not only G. zeae Petch but also Botrytis cinerea Pers, Colletotrichum orbiculare Arx, Pythium aphanidermatum Fitzp, Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp. Vasinfectum, etc.
|
Fungicidal activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum assessed as mycelial growth inhibition in potato dextrose agar at 24 +/- 0.5 degC
|
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum
|
0.54
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Title : Synthesis and fungicidal activity of novel 2-oxocycloalkylsulfonylureas.
Year : 2005
Volume : 53
Issue : 6
First Page : 2202
Last Page : 2206
Authors : Li XH, Yang XL, Ling Y, Fan ZJ, Liang XM, Wang DQ, Chen FH, Li ZM.
Abstract : A series of 2-oxocycloalkylsulfonylureas (2) have been synthesized in a six-step, three-pot reaction sequence from readily available cyclododecanone, cycloheptanone, and cyclohexanone. Their structures were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, and elemental analysis. The bioassay indicated that some of them possess certain fungicidal activity against Gibberella zeae Petch. In general, compounds containing a 12-membered ring (2A) are more active than those containing a 6- or 7-membered ring (2B, 2C). In the series 2A, the compounds in which R is a disubstituted phenyl or pyrimidyl showed better activity than those in which R is a monosubstituted phenyl or pyrimidyl, and aryl-substituted compounds have somewhat higher activity than those substituted by pyrimidyl. The further bioassay showed that the representative of 2A, 2A15, has good fungicidal activities against not only G. zeae Petch but also Botrytis cinerea Pers, Colletotrichum orbiculare Arx, Pythium aphanidermatum Fitzp, Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp. Vasinfectum, etc.
|
Fungicidal activity against Colletotrichum orbiculare assessed as mycelial growth inhibition in potato dextrose agar at 24 +/- 0.5 degC
|
Colletotrichum orbiculare
|
39.81
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Title : Synthesis and fungicidal activity of novel 2-oxocycloalkylsulfonylureas.
Year : 2005
Volume : 53
Issue : 6
First Page : 2202
Last Page : 2206
Authors : Li XH, Yang XL, Ling Y, Fan ZJ, Liang XM, Wang DQ, Chen FH, Li ZM.
Abstract : A series of 2-oxocycloalkylsulfonylureas (2) have been synthesized in a six-step, three-pot reaction sequence from readily available cyclododecanone, cycloheptanone, and cyclohexanone. Their structures were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, and elemental analysis. The bioassay indicated that some of them possess certain fungicidal activity against Gibberella zeae Petch. In general, compounds containing a 12-membered ring (2A) are more active than those containing a 6- or 7-membered ring (2B, 2C). In the series 2A, the compounds in which R is a disubstituted phenyl or pyrimidyl showed better activity than those in which R is a monosubstituted phenyl or pyrimidyl, and aryl-substituted compounds have somewhat higher activity than those substituted by pyrimidyl. The further bioassay showed that the representative of 2A, 2A15, has good fungicidal activities against not only G. zeae Petch but also Botrytis cinerea Pers, Colletotrichum orbiculare Arx, Pythium aphanidermatum Fitzp, Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp. Vasinfectum, etc.
|
Fungicidal activity against Pythium aphanidermatum assessed as mycelial growth inhibition in potato dextrose agar at 24 +/- 0.5 degC
|
Pythium aphanidermatum
|
20.42
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Title : Synthesis and fungicidal activity of novel 2-oxocycloalkylsulfonylureas.
Year : 2005
Volume : 53
Issue : 6
First Page : 2202
Last Page : 2206
Authors : Li XH, Yang XL, Ling Y, Fan ZJ, Liang XM, Wang DQ, Chen FH, Li ZM.
Abstract : A series of 2-oxocycloalkylsulfonylureas (2) have been synthesized in a six-step, three-pot reaction sequence from readily available cyclododecanone, cycloheptanone, and cyclohexanone. Their structures were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, and elemental analysis. The bioassay indicated that some of them possess certain fungicidal activity against Gibberella zeae Petch. In general, compounds containing a 12-membered ring (2A) are more active than those containing a 6- or 7-membered ring (2B, 2C). In the series 2A, the compounds in which R is a disubstituted phenyl or pyrimidyl showed better activity than those in which R is a monosubstituted phenyl or pyrimidyl, and aryl-substituted compounds have somewhat higher activity than those substituted by pyrimidyl. The further bioassay showed that the representative of 2A, 2A15, has good fungicidal activities against not only G. zeae Petch but also Botrytis cinerea Pers, Colletotrichum orbiculare Arx, Pythium aphanidermatum Fitzp, Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp. Vasinfectum, etc.
|
Antifungal activity against benzimidazole-sensitive Sclerotinia sclerotiorum SS-JSZ01 assessed as inhibition of mycelium growth after 3 days followed by 96 hr incubation in light incubator
|
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
|
0.13
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Title : Synthesis and antifungal activity of novel 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles containing benzimidazole moiety
Year : 2012
Volume : 37
Issue : 4
First Page : 338
Last Page : 341
Authors : Zhang Z, Mu W, Ji Z, Jiang L
|
Antifungal activity against benzimidazole moderately resistant Botryotinia fuckeliana BC-JfC02 assessed as inhibition of mycelium growth after 3 days followed by 96 hr incubation in light incubator
|
Botryotinia fuckeliana
|
7.4
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Title : Synthesis and antifungal activity of novel 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles containing benzimidazole moiety
Year : 2012
Volume : 37
Issue : 4
First Page : 338
Last Page : 341
Authors : Zhang Z, Mu W, Ji Z, Jiang L
|
Fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani inoculated on compound pre-treated fifth-leaf stage rice seedlings through foliar spraying assessed as inhibition of rice sheath blight disease at 100 ppm measured 3 days post fungal inoculation
|
Rhizoctonia solani
|
100.0
%
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Title : Synthesis and fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani of 2-alkyl (Alkylthio)-5-pyrazolyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles (Thiadiazoles).
Year : 2000
Volume : 48
Issue : 11
First Page : 5312
Last Page : 5315
Authors : Chen H, Li Z, Han Y.
Abstract : Some series of 2-alkyl (alkythio)-5-((4-chloro)-3-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-yl)-1,3, 4-oxadiazoles (thiadiazoles) were prepared as potential fungicides. Their fungicidal activity was evaluated against rice sheath blight, which is a major disease of rice in China. Structure-activity relationships for the screened compounds were evaluated and discussed. It was found that 5-(4-chloro-3-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-yl)-1,3, 4-thiadiazole-2-thione has the higher fungicidal activity.
|
Fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani inoculated on compound pre-treated fifth-leaf stage rice seedlings through foliar spraying assessed as inhibition of rice sheath blight disease at 500 ppm measured 3 days post fungal inoculation
|
Rhizoctonia solani
|
100.0
%
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Title : Synthesis and fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani of 2-alkyl (Alkylthio)-5-pyrazolyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles (Thiadiazoles).
Year : 2000
Volume : 48
Issue : 11
First Page : 5312
Last Page : 5315
Authors : Chen H, Li Z, Han Y.
Abstract : Some series of 2-alkyl (alkythio)-5-((4-chloro)-3-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-yl)-1,3, 4-oxadiazoles (thiadiazoles) were prepared as potential fungicides. Their fungicidal activity was evaluated against rice sheath blight, which is a major disease of rice in China. Structure-activity relationships for the screened compounds were evaluated and discussed. It was found that 5-(4-chloro-3-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-yl)-1,3, 4-thiadiazole-2-thione has the higher fungicidal activity.
|
Fungicidal activity against Fusarium graminearum E198Q harboring mutation at codon 198 of beta2 tubulin assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 3 days
|
Fusarium graminearum
|
3.33
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Localisation of the benzimidazole fungicide binding site of Gibberella zeae β2-tubulin studied by site-directed mutagenesis.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 2
First Page : 191
Last Page : 198
Authors : Qiu J, Xu J, Yu J, Bi C, Chen C, Zhou M.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The efficacy of benzimidazole fungicides is often limited by resistance, and this is the case with the use of carbendazim for controlling Fusarium head blight caused by Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch (anamorph Fusarium graminearum). Recent studies have shown that carbendazim resistance in field strains of G. zeae is associated with mutations in the β(2)-tubulin gene. The aims of the present study were to validate this mechanism and research the binding sites of carbendazim on β(2)-tubulin. RESULTS: This work used site-directed mutagenesis followed by gene replacement to change the β(2)-tubulin gene of a carbendazim-sensitive field strain of G. zeae at residues 50, 167, 198 or 200. The transformants were confirmed and tested for their sensitivity to carbendazim. All the mutants were resistant to carbendazim, but the level of resistance differed depending on the mutation. Biological characteristics did not differ between the field strain and the site-directed mutants. A three-dimensional model of β(2)-tubulin was constructed, and the possible carbendazim binding site was analysed. CONCLUSION: Mutations at codons 50, 167, 198 and 200 of G. zeae β(2)tub could cause resistance to carbendazim, and these codons may form a binding pocket.
|
Fungicidal activity against Fusarium graminearum ZJ80 harboring mutation at codon 198 of beta2 tubulin assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 3 days
|
Fusarium graminearum
|
3.52
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Localisation of the benzimidazole fungicide binding site of Gibberella zeae β2-tubulin studied by site-directed mutagenesis.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 2
First Page : 191
Last Page : 198
Authors : Qiu J, Xu J, Yu J, Bi C, Chen C, Zhou M.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The efficacy of benzimidazole fungicides is often limited by resistance, and this is the case with the use of carbendazim for controlling Fusarium head blight caused by Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch (anamorph Fusarium graminearum). Recent studies have shown that carbendazim resistance in field strains of G. zeae is associated with mutations in the β(2)-tubulin gene. The aims of the present study were to validate this mechanism and research the binding sites of carbendazim on β(2)-tubulin. RESULTS: This work used site-directed mutagenesis followed by gene replacement to change the β(2)-tubulin gene of a carbendazim-sensitive field strain of G. zeae at residues 50, 167, 198 or 200. The transformants were confirmed and tested for their sensitivity to carbendazim. All the mutants were resistant to carbendazim, but the level of resistance differed depending on the mutation. Biological characteristics did not differ between the field strain and the site-directed mutants. A three-dimensional model of β(2)-tubulin was constructed, and the possible carbendazim binding site was analysed. CONCLUSION: Mutations at codons 50, 167, 198 and 200 of G. zeae β(2)tub could cause resistance to carbendazim, and these codons may form a binding pocket.
|
Fungicidal activity against Fusarium graminearum E198K harboring mutation at codon 198 of beta2 tubulin assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 3 days
|
Fusarium graminearum
|
3.52
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Localisation of the benzimidazole fungicide binding site of Gibberella zeae β2-tubulin studied by site-directed mutagenesis.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 2
First Page : 191
Last Page : 198
Authors : Qiu J, Xu J, Yu J, Bi C, Chen C, Zhou M.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The efficacy of benzimidazole fungicides is often limited by resistance, and this is the case with the use of carbendazim for controlling Fusarium head blight caused by Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch (anamorph Fusarium graminearum). Recent studies have shown that carbendazim resistance in field strains of G. zeae is associated with mutations in the β(2)-tubulin gene. The aims of the present study were to validate this mechanism and research the binding sites of carbendazim on β(2)-tubulin. RESULTS: This work used site-directed mutagenesis followed by gene replacement to change the β(2)-tubulin gene of a carbendazim-sensitive field strain of G. zeae at residues 50, 167, 198 or 200. The transformants were confirmed and tested for their sensitivity to carbendazim. All the mutants were resistant to carbendazim, but the level of resistance differed depending on the mutation. Biological characteristics did not differ between the field strain and the site-directed mutants. A three-dimensional model of β(2)-tubulin was constructed, and the possible carbendazim binding site was analysed. CONCLUSION: Mutations at codons 50, 167, 198 and 200 of G. zeae β(2)tub could cause resistance to carbendazim, and these codons may form a binding pocket.
|
Fungicidal activity against Fusarium graminearum F200Y harboring mutation at codon 200 of beta2 tubulin assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 3 days
|
Fusarium graminearum
|
10.93
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Localisation of the benzimidazole fungicide binding site of Gibberella zeae β2-tubulin studied by site-directed mutagenesis.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 2
First Page : 191
Last Page : 198
Authors : Qiu J, Xu J, Yu J, Bi C, Chen C, Zhou M.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The efficacy of benzimidazole fungicides is often limited by resistance, and this is the case with the use of carbendazim for controlling Fusarium head blight caused by Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch (anamorph Fusarium graminearum). Recent studies have shown that carbendazim resistance in field strains of G. zeae is associated with mutations in the β(2)-tubulin gene. The aims of the present study were to validate this mechanism and research the binding sites of carbendazim on β(2)-tubulin. RESULTS: This work used site-directed mutagenesis followed by gene replacement to change the β(2)-tubulin gene of a carbendazim-sensitive field strain of G. zeae at residues 50, 167, 198 or 200. The transformants were confirmed and tested for their sensitivity to carbendazim. All the mutants were resistant to carbendazim, but the level of resistance differed depending on the mutation. Biological characteristics did not differ between the field strain and the site-directed mutants. A three-dimensional model of β(2)-tubulin was constructed, and the possible carbendazim binding site was analysed. CONCLUSION: Mutations at codons 50, 167, 198 and 200 of G. zeae β(2)tub could cause resistance to carbendazim, and these codons may form a binding pocket.
|
Fungicidal activity against Fusarium graminearum J2 harboring mutation at codon 198 of beta2 tubulin assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 3 days
|
Fusarium graminearum
|
3.59
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Localisation of the benzimidazole fungicide binding site of Gibberella zeae β2-tubulin studied by site-directed mutagenesis.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 2
First Page : 191
Last Page : 198
Authors : Qiu J, Xu J, Yu J, Bi C, Chen C, Zhou M.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The efficacy of benzimidazole fungicides is often limited by resistance, and this is the case with the use of carbendazim for controlling Fusarium head blight caused by Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch (anamorph Fusarium graminearum). Recent studies have shown that carbendazim resistance in field strains of G. zeae is associated with mutations in the β(2)-tubulin gene. The aims of the present study were to validate this mechanism and research the binding sites of carbendazim on β(2)-tubulin. RESULTS: This work used site-directed mutagenesis followed by gene replacement to change the β(2)-tubulin gene of a carbendazim-sensitive field strain of G. zeae at residues 50, 167, 198 or 200. The transformants were confirmed and tested for their sensitivity to carbendazim. All the mutants were resistant to carbendazim, but the level of resistance differed depending on the mutation. Biological characteristics did not differ between the field strain and the site-directed mutants. A three-dimensional model of β(2)-tubulin was constructed, and the possible carbendazim binding site was analysed. CONCLUSION: Mutations at codons 50, 167, 198 and 200 of G. zeae β(2)tub could cause resistance to carbendazim, and these codons may form a binding pocket.
|
Fungicidal activity against Fusarium graminearum NT7 harboring mutation at codon 200 of beta2 tubulin assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 3 days
|
Fusarium graminearum
|
10.92
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Localisation of the benzimidazole fungicide binding site of Gibberella zeae β2-tubulin studied by site-directed mutagenesis.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 2
First Page : 191
Last Page : 198
Authors : Qiu J, Xu J, Yu J, Bi C, Chen C, Zhou M.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The efficacy of benzimidazole fungicides is often limited by resistance, and this is the case with the use of carbendazim for controlling Fusarium head blight caused by Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch (anamorph Fusarium graminearum). Recent studies have shown that carbendazim resistance in field strains of G. zeae is associated with mutations in the β(2)-tubulin gene. The aims of the present study were to validate this mechanism and research the binding sites of carbendazim on β(2)-tubulin. RESULTS: This work used site-directed mutagenesis followed by gene replacement to change the β(2)-tubulin gene of a carbendazim-sensitive field strain of G. zeae at residues 50, 167, 198 or 200. The transformants were confirmed and tested for their sensitivity to carbendazim. All the mutants were resistant to carbendazim, but the level of resistance differed depending on the mutation. Biological characteristics did not differ between the field strain and the site-directed mutants. A three-dimensional model of β(2)-tubulin was constructed, and the possible carbendazim binding site was analysed. CONCLUSION: Mutations at codons 50, 167, 198 and 200 of G. zeae β(2)tub could cause resistance to carbendazim, and these codons may form a binding pocket.
|
Fungicidal activity against Fusarium graminearum F167Y harboring mutation at codon 167 of beta2 tubulin assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 3 days
|
Fusarium graminearum
|
10.85
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Localisation of the benzimidazole fungicide binding site of Gibberella zeae β2-tubulin studied by site-directed mutagenesis.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 2
First Page : 191
Last Page : 198
Authors : Qiu J, Xu J, Yu J, Bi C, Chen C, Zhou M.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The efficacy of benzimidazole fungicides is often limited by resistance, and this is the case with the use of carbendazim for controlling Fusarium head blight caused by Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch (anamorph Fusarium graminearum). Recent studies have shown that carbendazim resistance in field strains of G. zeae is associated with mutations in the β(2)-tubulin gene. The aims of the present study were to validate this mechanism and research the binding sites of carbendazim on β(2)-tubulin. RESULTS: This work used site-directed mutagenesis followed by gene replacement to change the β(2)-tubulin gene of a carbendazim-sensitive field strain of G. zeae at residues 50, 167, 198 or 200. The transformants were confirmed and tested for their sensitivity to carbendazim. All the mutants were resistant to carbendazim, but the level of resistance differed depending on the mutation. Biological characteristics did not differ between the field strain and the site-directed mutants. A three-dimensional model of β(2)-tubulin was constructed, and the possible carbendazim binding site was analysed. CONCLUSION: Mutations at codons 50, 167, 198 and 200 of G. zeae β(2)tub could cause resistance to carbendazim, and these codons may form a binding pocket.
|
Fungicidal activity against Fusarium graminearum 2052 harboring mutation at codon 167 of beta2 tubulin assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 3 days
|
Fusarium graminearum
|
12.31
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Localisation of the benzimidazole fungicide binding site of Gibberella zeae β2-tubulin studied by site-directed mutagenesis.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 2
First Page : 191
Last Page : 198
Authors : Qiu J, Xu J, Yu J, Bi C, Chen C, Zhou M.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The efficacy of benzimidazole fungicides is often limited by resistance, and this is the case with the use of carbendazim for controlling Fusarium head blight caused by Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch (anamorph Fusarium graminearum). Recent studies have shown that carbendazim resistance in field strains of G. zeae is associated with mutations in the β(2)-tubulin gene. The aims of the present study were to validate this mechanism and research the binding sites of carbendazim on β(2)-tubulin. RESULTS: This work used site-directed mutagenesis followed by gene replacement to change the β(2)-tubulin gene of a carbendazim-sensitive field strain of G. zeae at residues 50, 167, 198 or 200. The transformants were confirmed and tested for their sensitivity to carbendazim. All the mutants were resistant to carbendazim, but the level of resistance differed depending on the mutation. Biological characteristics did not differ between the field strain and the site-directed mutants. A three-dimensional model of β(2)-tubulin was constructed, and the possible carbendazim binding site was analysed. CONCLUSION: Mutations at codons 50, 167, 198 and 200 of G. zeae β(2)tub could cause resistance to carbendazim, and these codons may form a binding pocket.
|
Fungicidal activity against Fusarium graminearum Y50C harboring mutation at codon 50 of beta2 tubulin assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 3 days
|
Fusarium graminearum
|
3.24
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Localisation of the benzimidazole fungicide binding site of Gibberella zeae β2-tubulin studied by site-directed mutagenesis.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 2
First Page : 191
Last Page : 198
Authors : Qiu J, Xu J, Yu J, Bi C, Chen C, Zhou M.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The efficacy of benzimidazole fungicides is often limited by resistance, and this is the case with the use of carbendazim for controlling Fusarium head blight caused by Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch (anamorph Fusarium graminearum). Recent studies have shown that carbendazim resistance in field strains of G. zeae is associated with mutations in the β(2)-tubulin gene. The aims of the present study were to validate this mechanism and research the binding sites of carbendazim on β(2)-tubulin. RESULTS: This work used site-directed mutagenesis followed by gene replacement to change the β(2)-tubulin gene of a carbendazim-sensitive field strain of G. zeae at residues 50, 167, 198 or 200. The transformants were confirmed and tested for their sensitivity to carbendazim. All the mutants were resistant to carbendazim, but the level of resistance differed depending on the mutation. Biological characteristics did not differ between the field strain and the site-directed mutants. A three-dimensional model of β(2)-tubulin was constructed, and the possible carbendazim binding site was analysed. CONCLUSION: Mutations at codons 50, 167, 198 and 200 of G. zeae β(2)tub could cause resistance to carbendazim, and these codons may form a binding pocket.
|
Fungicidal activity against Fusarium graminearum 2021 assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 3 days
|
Fusarium graminearum
|
0.47
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Localisation of the benzimidazole fungicide binding site of Gibberella zeae β2-tubulin studied by site-directed mutagenesis.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 2
First Page : 191
Last Page : 198
Authors : Qiu J, Xu J, Yu J, Bi C, Chen C, Zhou M.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The efficacy of benzimidazole fungicides is often limited by resistance, and this is the case with the use of carbendazim for controlling Fusarium head blight caused by Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch (anamorph Fusarium graminearum). Recent studies have shown that carbendazim resistance in field strains of G. zeae is associated with mutations in the β(2)-tubulin gene. The aims of the present study were to validate this mechanism and research the binding sites of carbendazim on β(2)-tubulin. RESULTS: This work used site-directed mutagenesis followed by gene replacement to change the β(2)-tubulin gene of a carbendazim-sensitive field strain of G. zeae at residues 50, 167, 198 or 200. The transformants were confirmed and tested for their sensitivity to carbendazim. All the mutants were resistant to carbendazim, but the level of resistance differed depending on the mutation. Biological characteristics did not differ between the field strain and the site-directed mutants. A three-dimensional model of β(2)-tubulin was constructed, and the possible carbendazim binding site was analysed. CONCLUSION: Mutations at codons 50, 167, 198 and 200 of G. zeae β(2)tub could cause resistance to carbendazim, and these codons may form a binding pocket.
|
Fungicidal activity against Fusarium graminearum DN83 harboring beta2 tubulin deletion mutation assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 3 days
|
Fusarium graminearum
|
0.1
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Localisation of the benzimidazole fungicide binding site of Gibberella zeae β2-tubulin studied by site-directed mutagenesis.
Year : 2011
Volume : 67
Issue : 2
First Page : 191
Last Page : 198
Authors : Qiu J, Xu J, Yu J, Bi C, Chen C, Zhou M.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: The efficacy of benzimidazole fungicides is often limited by resistance, and this is the case with the use of carbendazim for controlling Fusarium head blight caused by Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch (anamorph Fusarium graminearum). Recent studies have shown that carbendazim resistance in field strains of G. zeae is associated with mutations in the β(2)-tubulin gene. The aims of the present study were to validate this mechanism and research the binding sites of carbendazim on β(2)-tubulin. RESULTS: This work used site-directed mutagenesis followed by gene replacement to change the β(2)-tubulin gene of a carbendazim-sensitive field strain of G. zeae at residues 50, 167, 198 or 200. The transformants were confirmed and tested for their sensitivity to carbendazim. All the mutants were resistant to carbendazim, but the level of resistance differed depending on the mutation. Biological characteristics did not differ between the field strain and the site-directed mutants. A three-dimensional model of β(2)-tubulin was constructed, and the possible carbendazim binding site was analysed. CONCLUSION: Mutations at codons 50, 167, 198 and 200 of G. zeae β(2)tub could cause resistance to carbendazim, and these codons may form a binding pocket.
|
Antifungal activity against Colletotrichum lindemuthianum assessed as inhibition of mycelium growth at 50 ug/ml relative to control
|
Colletotrichum lindemuthianum
|
82.09
%
|
|
Journal : Molecules
Title : Design, synthesis and antifungal/insecticidal evaluation of novel cinnamide derivatives.
Year : 2011
Volume : 16
Issue : 11
First Page : 8945
Last Page : 8957
Authors : Xiao Y, Yang X, Li B, Yuan H, Wan S, Xu Y, Qin Z.
Abstract : Twenty novel cinnamamide derivatives were designed and synthesized using as lead compound pyrimorph, whose morpholine moiety was replaced by β-phenylethylamine. All the compounds were characterized by their spectroscopic data. The fungicidal and insecticidal activities were also evaluated. The preliminary results showed that all the title compounds had certain fungicidal activities against seven plant pathogens at a concentration of 50 μg/mL, and compounds 11a and 11l showed inhibition ratios of up to 90% against R. solani. Most of the title compounds exhibited moderate nematicidal activities. In general, the morpholine ring may be replaced by other amines and a chlorine atom in the pyridine ring is helpful to fungicidal activity.
|
Antifungal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum assessed as inhibition of mycelium growth at 50 ug/ml relative to control
|
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
|
100.0
%
|
|
Journal : Molecules
Title : Design, synthesis and antifungal/insecticidal evaluation of novel cinnamide derivatives.
Year : 2011
Volume : 16
Issue : 11
First Page : 8945
Last Page : 8957
Authors : Xiao Y, Yang X, Li B, Yuan H, Wan S, Xu Y, Qin Z.
Abstract : Twenty novel cinnamamide derivatives were designed and synthesized using as lead compound pyrimorph, whose morpholine moiety was replaced by β-phenylethylamine. All the compounds were characterized by their spectroscopic data. The fungicidal and insecticidal activities were also evaluated. The preliminary results showed that all the title compounds had certain fungicidal activities against seven plant pathogens at a concentration of 50 μg/mL, and compounds 11a and 11l showed inhibition ratios of up to 90% against R. solani. Most of the title compounds exhibited moderate nematicidal activities. In general, the morpholine ring may be replaced by other amines and a chlorine atom in the pyridine ring is helpful to fungicidal activity.
|
Antifungal activity against Botryotinia fuckeliana assessed as inhibition of mycelium growth at 50 ug/ml relative to control
|
Botryotinia fuckeliana
|
38.0
%
|
|
Journal : Molecules
Title : Design, synthesis and antifungal/insecticidal evaluation of novel cinnamide derivatives.
Year : 2011
Volume : 16
Issue : 11
First Page : 8945
Last Page : 8957
Authors : Xiao Y, Yang X, Li B, Yuan H, Wan S, Xu Y, Qin Z.
Abstract : Twenty novel cinnamamide derivatives were designed and synthesized using as lead compound pyrimorph, whose morpholine moiety was replaced by β-phenylethylamine. All the compounds were characterized by their spectroscopic data. The fungicidal and insecticidal activities were also evaluated. The preliminary results showed that all the title compounds had certain fungicidal activities against seven plant pathogens at a concentration of 50 μg/mL, and compounds 11a and 11l showed inhibition ratios of up to 90% against R. solani. Most of the title compounds exhibited moderate nematicidal activities. In general, the morpholine ring may be replaced by other amines and a chlorine atom in the pyridine ring is helpful to fungicidal activity.
|
Antifungal activity against Phytophthora parasitica assessed as inhibition of mycelium growth at 50 ug/ml relative to control
|
Phytophthora parasitica
|
14.52
%
|
|
Journal : Molecules
Title : Design, synthesis and antifungal/insecticidal evaluation of novel cinnamide derivatives.
Year : 2011
Volume : 16
Issue : 11
First Page : 8945
Last Page : 8957
Authors : Xiao Y, Yang X, Li B, Yuan H, Wan S, Xu Y, Qin Z.
Abstract : Twenty novel cinnamamide derivatives were designed and synthesized using as lead compound pyrimorph, whose morpholine moiety was replaced by β-phenylethylamine. All the compounds were characterized by their spectroscopic data. The fungicidal and insecticidal activities were also evaluated. The preliminary results showed that all the title compounds had certain fungicidal activities against seven plant pathogens at a concentration of 50 μg/mL, and compounds 11a and 11l showed inhibition ratios of up to 90% against R. solani. Most of the title compounds exhibited moderate nematicidal activities. In general, the morpholine ring may be replaced by other amines and a chlorine atom in the pyridine ring is helpful to fungicidal activity.
|
Antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani assessed as inhibition of mycelium growth at 50 ug/ml relative to control
|
Rhizoctonia solani
|
100.0
%
|
|
Journal : Molecules
Title : Design, synthesis and antifungal/insecticidal evaluation of novel cinnamide derivatives.
Year : 2011
Volume : 16
Issue : 11
First Page : 8945
Last Page : 8957
Authors : Xiao Y, Yang X, Li B, Yuan H, Wan S, Xu Y, Qin Z.
Abstract : Twenty novel cinnamamide derivatives were designed and synthesized using as lead compound pyrimorph, whose morpholine moiety was replaced by β-phenylethylamine. All the compounds were characterized by their spectroscopic data. The fungicidal and insecticidal activities were also evaluated. The preliminary results showed that all the title compounds had certain fungicidal activities against seven plant pathogens at a concentration of 50 μg/mL, and compounds 11a and 11l showed inhibition ratios of up to 90% against R. solani. Most of the title compounds exhibited moderate nematicidal activities. In general, the morpholine ring may be replaced by other amines and a chlorine atom in the pyridine ring is helpful to fungicidal activity.
|
Antifungal activity against Valsa mali assessed as inhibition of mycelium growth at 50 ug/ml relative to control
|
Valsa mali
|
100.0
%
|
|
Journal : Molecules
Title : Design, synthesis and antifungal/insecticidal evaluation of novel cinnamide derivatives.
Year : 2011
Volume : 16
Issue : 11
First Page : 8945
Last Page : 8957
Authors : Xiao Y, Yang X, Li B, Yuan H, Wan S, Xu Y, Qin Z.
Abstract : Twenty novel cinnamamide derivatives were designed and synthesized using as lead compound pyrimorph, whose morpholine moiety was replaced by β-phenylethylamine. All the compounds were characterized by their spectroscopic data. The fungicidal and insecticidal activities were also evaluated. The preliminary results showed that all the title compounds had certain fungicidal activities against seven plant pathogens at a concentration of 50 μg/mL, and compounds 11a and 11l showed inhibition ratios of up to 90% against R. solani. Most of the title compounds exhibited moderate nematicidal activities. In general, the morpholine ring may be replaced by other amines and a chlorine atom in the pyridine ring is helpful to fungicidal activity.
|
Fungicidal activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides assessed as inhibition of mycelium growth at 52 uM at 25 +/- 0.5 degC
|
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
|
100.0
%
|
|
Journal : Molecules
Title : The fungicidal terpenoids and essential oil from Litsea cubeba in Tibet.
Year : 2010
Volume : 15
Issue : 10
First Page : 7075
Last Page : 7082
Authors : Yang Y, Jiang J, Qimei L, Yan X, Zhao J, Yuan H, Qin Z, Wang M.
Abstract : A new C₉ monoterpenoid acid (litseacubebic acid, 1) and a known monoterpene lactone (6R)-3,7-dimethyl-7-hydroxy-2-octen-6-olide (2), along with three known compounds--vanillic acid (3), trans-3,4,5-trimethoxylcinnamyl alcohol (4), and oxonantenine (5)--were isolated with bioassay-guided purification from the fruit extract of Litsea cubeba collected in Tibet. The structure of 1 was elucidated by MS, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOE spectral data as 2,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxy-2E,4E-hepta-2,4-diene acid. Additionally 33 compounds were identified from the essential oil of L. cubeba. The preliminary bioassay results showed that 1 and 2 have good fungicidal activities against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Thanatephorus cucumeris, Pseudocer-cospora musae and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides at the concentration of 588 and 272 μM, and the essential oil has good fungicidal activities against T. cucumeris and S. sclerotiorum, with IC₅₀ values of 115.58 and 151.25 μg/mL, repectively.
|
Fungicidal activity against Thanatephorus cucumeris assessed as inhibition of mycelium growth at 52 uM at 25 +/- 0.5 degC
|
Thanatephorus cucumeris
|
100.0
%
|
|
Journal : Molecules
Title : The fungicidal terpenoids and essential oil from Litsea cubeba in Tibet.
Year : 2010
Volume : 15
Issue : 10
First Page : 7075
Last Page : 7082
Authors : Yang Y, Jiang J, Qimei L, Yan X, Zhao J, Yuan H, Qin Z, Wang M.
Abstract : A new C₉ monoterpenoid acid (litseacubebic acid, 1) and a known monoterpene lactone (6R)-3,7-dimethyl-7-hydroxy-2-octen-6-olide (2), along with three known compounds--vanillic acid (3), trans-3,4,5-trimethoxylcinnamyl alcohol (4), and oxonantenine (5)--were isolated with bioassay-guided purification from the fruit extract of Litsea cubeba collected in Tibet. The structure of 1 was elucidated by MS, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOE spectral data as 2,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxy-2E,4E-hepta-2,4-diene acid. Additionally 33 compounds were identified from the essential oil of L. cubeba. The preliminary bioassay results showed that 1 and 2 have good fungicidal activities against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Thanatephorus cucumeris, Pseudocer-cospora musae and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides at the concentration of 588 and 272 μM, and the essential oil has good fungicidal activities against T. cucumeris and S. sclerotiorum, with IC₅₀ values of 115.58 and 151.25 μg/mL, repectively.
|
Fungicidal activity against Phytophthora infestans assessed as inhibition of mycelium growth at 52 uM at 25 +/- 0.5 degC
|
Phytophthora infestans
|
100.0
%
|
|
Journal : Molecules
Title : The fungicidal terpenoids and essential oil from Litsea cubeba in Tibet.
Year : 2010
Volume : 15
Issue : 10
First Page : 7075
Last Page : 7082
Authors : Yang Y, Jiang J, Qimei L, Yan X, Zhao J, Yuan H, Qin Z, Wang M.
Abstract : A new C₉ monoterpenoid acid (litseacubebic acid, 1) and a known monoterpene lactone (6R)-3,7-dimethyl-7-hydroxy-2-octen-6-olide (2), along with three known compounds--vanillic acid (3), trans-3,4,5-trimethoxylcinnamyl alcohol (4), and oxonantenine (5)--were isolated with bioassay-guided purification from the fruit extract of Litsea cubeba collected in Tibet. The structure of 1 was elucidated by MS, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOE spectral data as 2,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxy-2E,4E-hepta-2,4-diene acid. Additionally 33 compounds were identified from the essential oil of L. cubeba. The preliminary bioassay results showed that 1 and 2 have good fungicidal activities against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Thanatephorus cucumeris, Pseudocer-cospora musae and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides at the concentration of 588 and 272 μM, and the essential oil has good fungicidal activities against T. cucumeris and S. sclerotiorum, with IC₅₀ values of 115.58 and 151.25 μg/mL, repectively.
|
Fungicidal activity against Fusarium graminearum assessed as inhibition of mycelium growth at 52 uM at 25 +/- 0.5 degC
|
Fusarium graminearum
|
100.0
%
|
|
Journal : Molecules
Title : The fungicidal terpenoids and essential oil from Litsea cubeba in Tibet.
Year : 2010
Volume : 15
Issue : 10
First Page : 7075
Last Page : 7082
Authors : Yang Y, Jiang J, Qimei L, Yan X, Zhao J, Yuan H, Qin Z, Wang M.
Abstract : A new C₉ monoterpenoid acid (litseacubebic acid, 1) and a known monoterpene lactone (6R)-3,7-dimethyl-7-hydroxy-2-octen-6-olide (2), along with three known compounds--vanillic acid (3), trans-3,4,5-trimethoxylcinnamyl alcohol (4), and oxonantenine (5)--were isolated with bioassay-guided purification from the fruit extract of Litsea cubeba collected in Tibet. The structure of 1 was elucidated by MS, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOE spectral data as 2,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxy-2E,4E-hepta-2,4-diene acid. Additionally 33 compounds were identified from the essential oil of L. cubeba. The preliminary bioassay results showed that 1 and 2 have good fungicidal activities against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Thanatephorus cucumeris, Pseudocer-cospora musae and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides at the concentration of 588 and 272 μM, and the essential oil has good fungicidal activities against T. cucumeris and S. sclerotiorum, with IC₅₀ values of 115.58 and 151.25 μg/mL, repectively.
|
Fungicidal activity against Fusarium verticillioides assessed as inhibition of mycelium growth at 52 uM at 25 +/- 0.5 degC
|
Fusarium verticillioides
|
100.0
%
|
|
Journal : Molecules
Title : The fungicidal terpenoids and essential oil from Litsea cubeba in Tibet.
Year : 2010
Volume : 15
Issue : 10
First Page : 7075
Last Page : 7082
Authors : Yang Y, Jiang J, Qimei L, Yan X, Zhao J, Yuan H, Qin Z, Wang M.
Abstract : A new C₉ monoterpenoid acid (litseacubebic acid, 1) and a known monoterpene lactone (6R)-3,7-dimethyl-7-hydroxy-2-octen-6-olide (2), along with three known compounds--vanillic acid (3), trans-3,4,5-trimethoxylcinnamyl alcohol (4), and oxonantenine (5)--were isolated with bioassay-guided purification from the fruit extract of Litsea cubeba collected in Tibet. The structure of 1 was elucidated by MS, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOE spectral data as 2,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxy-2E,4E-hepta-2,4-diene acid. Additionally 33 compounds were identified from the essential oil of L. cubeba. The preliminary bioassay results showed that 1 and 2 have good fungicidal activities against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Thanatephorus cucumeris, Pseudocer-cospora musae and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides at the concentration of 588 and 272 μM, and the essential oil has good fungicidal activities against T. cucumeris and S. sclerotiorum, with IC₅₀ values of 115.58 and 151.25 μg/mL, repectively.
|
Fungicidal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum assessed as inhibition of mycelium growth at 52 uM at 25 +/- 0.5 degC
|
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
|
100.0
%
|
|
Journal : Molecules
Title : The fungicidal terpenoids and essential oil from Litsea cubeba in Tibet.
Year : 2010
Volume : 15
Issue : 10
First Page : 7075
Last Page : 7082
Authors : Yang Y, Jiang J, Qimei L, Yan X, Zhao J, Yuan H, Qin Z, Wang M.
Abstract : A new C₉ monoterpenoid acid (litseacubebic acid, 1) and a known monoterpene lactone (6R)-3,7-dimethyl-7-hydroxy-2-octen-6-olide (2), along with three known compounds--vanillic acid (3), trans-3,4,5-trimethoxylcinnamyl alcohol (4), and oxonantenine (5)--were isolated with bioassay-guided purification from the fruit extract of Litsea cubeba collected in Tibet. The structure of 1 was elucidated by MS, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOE spectral data as 2,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxy-2E,4E-hepta-2,4-diene acid. Additionally 33 compounds were identified from the essential oil of L. cubeba. The preliminary bioassay results showed that 1 and 2 have good fungicidal activities against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Thanatephorus cucumeris, Pseudocer-cospora musae and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides at the concentration of 588 and 272 μM, and the essential oil has good fungicidal activities against T. cucumeris and S. sclerotiorum, with IC₅₀ values of 115.58 and 151.25 μg/mL, repectively.
|
Fungicidal activity against Fusarium oxysporum assessed as inhibition of mycelium growth at 52 uM at 25 +/- 0.5 degC
|
Fusarium oxysporum
|
100.0
%
|
|
Journal : Molecules
Title : The fungicidal terpenoids and essential oil from Litsea cubeba in Tibet.
Year : 2010
Volume : 15
Issue : 10
First Page : 7075
Last Page : 7082
Authors : Yang Y, Jiang J, Qimei L, Yan X, Zhao J, Yuan H, Qin Z, Wang M.
Abstract : A new C₉ monoterpenoid acid (litseacubebic acid, 1) and a known monoterpene lactone (6R)-3,7-dimethyl-7-hydroxy-2-octen-6-olide (2), along with three known compounds--vanillic acid (3), trans-3,4,5-trimethoxylcinnamyl alcohol (4), and oxonantenine (5)--were isolated with bioassay-guided purification from the fruit extract of Litsea cubeba collected in Tibet. The structure of 1 was elucidated by MS, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOE spectral data as 2,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxy-2E,4E-hepta-2,4-diene acid. Additionally 33 compounds were identified from the essential oil of L. cubeba. The preliminary bioassay results showed that 1 and 2 have good fungicidal activities against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Thanatephorus cucumeris, Pseudocer-cospora musae and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides at the concentration of 588 and 272 μM, and the essential oil has good fungicidal activities against T. cucumeris and S. sclerotiorum, with IC₅₀ values of 115.58 and 151.25 μg/mL, repectively.
|
Fungicidal activity against Alternaria mali assessed as inhibition of mycelium growth at 52 uM at 25 +/- 0.5 degC
|
Alternaria mali
|
100.0
%
|
|
Journal : Molecules
Title : The fungicidal terpenoids and essential oil from Litsea cubeba in Tibet.
Year : 2010
Volume : 15
Issue : 10
First Page : 7075
Last Page : 7082
Authors : Yang Y, Jiang J, Qimei L, Yan X, Zhao J, Yuan H, Qin Z, Wang M.
Abstract : A new C₉ monoterpenoid acid (litseacubebic acid, 1) and a known monoterpene lactone (6R)-3,7-dimethyl-7-hydroxy-2-octen-6-olide (2), along with three known compounds--vanillic acid (3), trans-3,4,5-trimethoxylcinnamyl alcohol (4), and oxonantenine (5)--were isolated with bioassay-guided purification from the fruit extract of Litsea cubeba collected in Tibet. The structure of 1 was elucidated by MS, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOE spectral data as 2,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxy-2E,4E-hepta-2,4-diene acid. Additionally 33 compounds were identified from the essential oil of L. cubeba. The preliminary bioassay results showed that 1 and 2 have good fungicidal activities against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Thanatephorus cucumeris, Pseudocer-cospora musae and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides at the concentration of 588 and 272 μM, and the essential oil has good fungicidal activities against T. cucumeris and S. sclerotiorum, with IC₅₀ values of 115.58 and 151.25 μg/mL, repectively.
|
Fungicidal activity against Botryotinia fuckeliana assessed as inhibition of mycelium growth at 52 uM at 25 +/- 0.5 degC
|
Botryotinia fuckeliana
|
100.0
%
|
|
Journal : Molecules
Title : The fungicidal terpenoids and essential oil from Litsea cubeba in Tibet.
Year : 2010
Volume : 15
Issue : 10
First Page : 7075
Last Page : 7082
Authors : Yang Y, Jiang J, Qimei L, Yan X, Zhao J, Yuan H, Qin Z, Wang M.
Abstract : A new C₉ monoterpenoid acid (litseacubebic acid, 1) and a known monoterpene lactone (6R)-3,7-dimethyl-7-hydroxy-2-octen-6-olide (2), along with three known compounds--vanillic acid (3), trans-3,4,5-trimethoxylcinnamyl alcohol (4), and oxonantenine (5)--were isolated with bioassay-guided purification from the fruit extract of Litsea cubeba collected in Tibet. The structure of 1 was elucidated by MS, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOE spectral data as 2,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxy-2E,4E-hepta-2,4-diene acid. Additionally 33 compounds were identified from the essential oil of L. cubeba. The preliminary bioassay results showed that 1 and 2 have good fungicidal activities against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Thanatephorus cucumeris, Pseudocer-cospora musae and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides at the concentration of 588 and 272 μM, and the essential oil has good fungicidal activities against T. cucumeris and S. sclerotiorum, with IC₅₀ values of 115.58 and 151.25 μg/mL, repectively.
|
Fungicidal activity against Oculimacula yallundae assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth in presence of 10 g glucose incubated at 19 degC in dark for 4 weeks
|
Oculimacula yallundae
|
0.03
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Fungicide resistance status in French populations of the wheat eyespot fungi Oculimacula acuformis and Oculimacula yallundae.
Year : 2013
Volume : 69
Issue : 1
First Page : 15
Last Page : 26
Authors : Leroux P, Gredt M, Remuson F, Micoud A, Walker AS.
Abstract : Eyespot, caused by Oculimacula acuformis and Oculimacula yallundae, is the major foot disease of winter wheat in several European countries, including France. It can be controlled by chemical treatment between tillering and the second node stage. The fungicides used include antimicrotubule toxicants (benzimidazoles), inhibitors of sterol 14α-demethylation (DMIs) or of succinate dehydrogenase (SDHIs), the anilinopyrimidines cyprodinil and the benzophenone metrafenone. Since the early 1980s, a long-term survey has been set up in France to monitor changes in the sensitivity of eyespot populations to fungicides. Resistance to benzimidazoles has become generalised since the early 1990s, in spite of the withdrawal of this class of fungicides. In the DMI group, resistance to triazoles is generalised, whereas no resistance to the triazolinethione prothioconazole has yet developed. Resistance to the imidazole prochloraz evolved successively in O. acuformis and O. yallundae and is now well established. Specific resistance to cyprodinil has also been detected, but its frequency has generally remained low. Finally, since the early 2000s, a few strains of O. yallundae displaying multidrug resistance (MDR) have been detected. These strains display low levels of resistance to prothioconazole and SDHIs, such as boscalid. Knowledge of the spatiotemporal distribution in France of O. acuformis and O. yallundae field strains resistant to fungicides allows resistance management strategies for eyespot fungi in winter wheat to be proposed.
|
Fungicidal activity against Oculimacula acuformis assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth in presence of 10 g glucose incubated at 19 degC in dark for 4 weeks
|
Oculimacula acuformis
|
0.04
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Fungicide resistance status in French populations of the wheat eyespot fungi Oculimacula acuformis and Oculimacula yallundae.
Year : 2013
Volume : 69
Issue : 1
First Page : 15
Last Page : 26
Authors : Leroux P, Gredt M, Remuson F, Micoud A, Walker AS.
Abstract : Eyespot, caused by Oculimacula acuformis and Oculimacula yallundae, is the major foot disease of winter wheat in several European countries, including France. It can be controlled by chemical treatment between tillering and the second node stage. The fungicides used include antimicrotubule toxicants (benzimidazoles), inhibitors of sterol 14α-demethylation (DMIs) or of succinate dehydrogenase (SDHIs), the anilinopyrimidines cyprodinil and the benzophenone metrafenone. Since the early 1980s, a long-term survey has been set up in France to monitor changes in the sensitivity of eyespot populations to fungicides. Resistance to benzimidazoles has become generalised since the early 1990s, in spite of the withdrawal of this class of fungicides. In the DMI group, resistance to triazoles is generalised, whereas no resistance to the triazolinethione prothioconazole has yet developed. Resistance to the imidazole prochloraz evolved successively in O. acuformis and O. yallundae and is now well established. Specific resistance to cyprodinil has also been detected, but its frequency has generally remained low. Finally, since the early 2000s, a few strains of O. yallundae displaying multidrug resistance (MDR) have been detected. These strains display low levels of resistance to prothioconazole and SDHIs, such as boscalid. Knowledge of the spatiotemporal distribution in France of O. acuformis and O. yallundae field strains resistant to fungicides allows resistance management strategies for eyespot fungi in winter wheat to be proposed.
|
Fungicidal activity against Oculimacula yallundae assessed as inhibition of germ tube elongation incubated at 19 degC in dark for 48 hr
|
Oculimacula yallundae
|
0.04
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Fungicide resistance status in French populations of the wheat eyespot fungi Oculimacula acuformis and Oculimacula yallundae.
Year : 2013
Volume : 69
Issue : 1
First Page : 15
Last Page : 26
Authors : Leroux P, Gredt M, Remuson F, Micoud A, Walker AS.
Abstract : Eyespot, caused by Oculimacula acuformis and Oculimacula yallundae, is the major foot disease of winter wheat in several European countries, including France. It can be controlled by chemical treatment between tillering and the second node stage. The fungicides used include antimicrotubule toxicants (benzimidazoles), inhibitors of sterol 14α-demethylation (DMIs) or of succinate dehydrogenase (SDHIs), the anilinopyrimidines cyprodinil and the benzophenone metrafenone. Since the early 1980s, a long-term survey has been set up in France to monitor changes in the sensitivity of eyespot populations to fungicides. Resistance to benzimidazoles has become generalised since the early 1990s, in spite of the withdrawal of this class of fungicides. In the DMI group, resistance to triazoles is generalised, whereas no resistance to the triazolinethione prothioconazole has yet developed. Resistance to the imidazole prochloraz evolved successively in O. acuformis and O. yallundae and is now well established. Specific resistance to cyprodinil has also been detected, but its frequency has generally remained low. Finally, since the early 2000s, a few strains of O. yallundae displaying multidrug resistance (MDR) have been detected. These strains display low levels of resistance to prothioconazole and SDHIs, such as boscalid. Knowledge of the spatiotemporal distribution in France of O. acuformis and O. yallundae field strains resistant to fungicides allows resistance management strategies for eyespot fungi in winter wheat to be proposed.
|
Fungicidal activity against Oculimacula acuformis assessed as inhibition of germ tube elongation incubated at 19 degC in dark for 48 hr
|
Oculimacula acuformis
|
0.04
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Fungicide resistance status in French populations of the wheat eyespot fungi Oculimacula acuformis and Oculimacula yallundae.
Year : 2013
Volume : 69
Issue : 1
First Page : 15
Last Page : 26
Authors : Leroux P, Gredt M, Remuson F, Micoud A, Walker AS.
Abstract : Eyespot, caused by Oculimacula acuformis and Oculimacula yallundae, is the major foot disease of winter wheat in several European countries, including France. It can be controlled by chemical treatment between tillering and the second node stage. The fungicides used include antimicrotubule toxicants (benzimidazoles), inhibitors of sterol 14α-demethylation (DMIs) or of succinate dehydrogenase (SDHIs), the anilinopyrimidines cyprodinil and the benzophenone metrafenone. Since the early 1980s, a long-term survey has been set up in France to monitor changes in the sensitivity of eyespot populations to fungicides. Resistance to benzimidazoles has become generalised since the early 1990s, in spite of the withdrawal of this class of fungicides. In the DMI group, resistance to triazoles is generalised, whereas no resistance to the triazolinethione prothioconazole has yet developed. Resistance to the imidazole prochloraz evolved successively in O. acuformis and O. yallundae and is now well established. Specific resistance to cyprodinil has also been detected, but its frequency has generally remained low. Finally, since the early 2000s, a few strains of O. yallundae displaying multidrug resistance (MDR) have been detected. These strains display low levels of resistance to prothioconazole and SDHIs, such as boscalid. Knowledge of the spatiotemporal distribution in France of O. acuformis and O. yallundae field strains resistant to fungicides allows resistance management strategies for eyespot fungi in winter wheat to be proposed.
|
Fungicidal activity against Diplodia mutila Q assessed as conidial germination inhibition after 48 hr
|
Diplodia mutila
|
0.01
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 5
First Page : 676
Last Page : 683
Authors : Amponsah NT, Jones E, Ridgway HJ, Jaspers MV.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: A range of botryosphaeriaceous species can cause dieback and cankers in grapevines; however, different species most commonly affect the grapevines in different grape-growing regions and countries. They infect through wounds and sporulate on woody stems and green shoots throughout the year, so wound protection is the recommended control strategy. This research evaluated fungicides for their ability to reduce mycelial growth and conidial germination of three botryosphaeriaceous species and to protect pruning wounds against infection. RESULTS: In vitro experiments showed that nine out of 16 tested fungicides were effective at reducing mycelial growth and/or conidial germination of three isolates each of Neofusicoccum australe, N. luteum and Diplodia mutila. The species differed in their response to the fungicides, although N. luteum was usually the least sensitive. When nine selected fungicides were sprayed on cane pruning wounds on potted and field grapevines and subsequently inoculated with N. luteum conidia, some effectively protected them from infection. The most effective fungicides were flusilazole, carbendazim, tebuconazole, thiophanate-methyl and mancozeb, as they prevented the inoculated pathogen from infecting healthy wood in 100, 93, 87, 83 and 80% of field vines, respectively. CONCLUSION: This research has demonstrated that fungicides applied after winter pruning can protect vines from infection by conidia of three botryosphaeriaceous species.
|
Fungicidal activity against Diplodia mutila F (12)2 assessed as conidial germination inhibition after 48 hr
|
Diplodia mutila
|
0.01
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 5
First Page : 676
Last Page : 683
Authors : Amponsah NT, Jones E, Ridgway HJ, Jaspers MV.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: A range of botryosphaeriaceous species can cause dieback and cankers in grapevines; however, different species most commonly affect the grapevines in different grape-growing regions and countries. They infect through wounds and sporulate on woody stems and green shoots throughout the year, so wound protection is the recommended control strategy. This research evaluated fungicides for their ability to reduce mycelial growth and conidial germination of three botryosphaeriaceous species and to protect pruning wounds against infection. RESULTS: In vitro experiments showed that nine out of 16 tested fungicides were effective at reducing mycelial growth and/or conidial germination of three isolates each of Neofusicoccum australe, N. luteum and Diplodia mutila. The species differed in their response to the fungicides, although N. luteum was usually the least sensitive. When nine selected fungicides were sprayed on cane pruning wounds on potted and field grapevines and subsequently inoculated with N. luteum conidia, some effectively protected them from infection. The most effective fungicides were flusilazole, carbendazim, tebuconazole, thiophanate-methyl and mancozeb, as they prevented the inoculated pathogen from infecting healthy wood in 100, 93, 87, 83 and 80% of field vines, respectively. CONCLUSION: This research has demonstrated that fungicides applied after winter pruning can protect vines from infection by conidia of three botryosphaeriaceous species.
|
Fungicidal activity against Diplodia mutila Iso-2 assessed as conidial germination inhibition after 48 hr
|
Diplodia mutila
|
0.01
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 5
First Page : 676
Last Page : 683
Authors : Amponsah NT, Jones E, Ridgway HJ, Jaspers MV.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: A range of botryosphaeriaceous species can cause dieback and cankers in grapevines; however, different species most commonly affect the grapevines in different grape-growing regions and countries. They infect through wounds and sporulate on woody stems and green shoots throughout the year, so wound protection is the recommended control strategy. This research evaluated fungicides for their ability to reduce mycelial growth and conidial germination of three botryosphaeriaceous species and to protect pruning wounds against infection. RESULTS: In vitro experiments showed that nine out of 16 tested fungicides were effective at reducing mycelial growth and/or conidial germination of three isolates each of Neofusicoccum australe, N. luteum and Diplodia mutila. The species differed in their response to the fungicides, although N. luteum was usually the least sensitive. When nine selected fungicides were sprayed on cane pruning wounds on potted and field grapevines and subsequently inoculated with N. luteum conidia, some effectively protected them from infection. The most effective fungicides were flusilazole, carbendazim, tebuconazole, thiophanate-methyl and mancozeb, as they prevented the inoculated pathogen from infecting healthy wood in 100, 93, 87, 83 and 80% of field vines, respectively. CONCLUSION: This research has demonstrated that fungicides applied after winter pruning can protect vines from infection by conidia of three botryosphaeriaceous species.
|
Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum luteum N(12)2 assessed as conidial germination inhibition after 48 hr
|
Neofusicoccum luteum
|
0.04
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 5
First Page : 676
Last Page : 683
Authors : Amponsah NT, Jones E, Ridgway HJ, Jaspers MV.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: A range of botryosphaeriaceous species can cause dieback and cankers in grapevines; however, different species most commonly affect the grapevines in different grape-growing regions and countries. They infect through wounds and sporulate on woody stems and green shoots throughout the year, so wound protection is the recommended control strategy. This research evaluated fungicides for their ability to reduce mycelial growth and conidial germination of three botryosphaeriaceous species and to protect pruning wounds against infection. RESULTS: In vitro experiments showed that nine out of 16 tested fungicides were effective at reducing mycelial growth and/or conidial germination of three isolates each of Neofusicoccum australe, N. luteum and Diplodia mutila. The species differed in their response to the fungicides, although N. luteum was usually the least sensitive. When nine selected fungicides were sprayed on cane pruning wounds on potted and field grapevines and subsequently inoculated with N. luteum conidia, some effectively protected them from infection. The most effective fungicides were flusilazole, carbendazim, tebuconazole, thiophanate-methyl and mancozeb, as they prevented the inoculated pathogen from infecting healthy wood in 100, 93, 87, 83 and 80% of field vines, respectively. CONCLUSION: This research has demonstrated that fungicides applied after winter pruning can protect vines from infection by conidia of three botryosphaeriaceous species.
|
Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum luteum M (13)8 assessed as conidial germination inhibition after 48 hr
|
Neofusicoccum luteum
|
0.04
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 5
First Page : 676
Last Page : 683
Authors : Amponsah NT, Jones E, Ridgway HJ, Jaspers MV.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: A range of botryosphaeriaceous species can cause dieback and cankers in grapevines; however, different species most commonly affect the grapevines in different grape-growing regions and countries. They infect through wounds and sporulate on woody stems and green shoots throughout the year, so wound protection is the recommended control strategy. This research evaluated fungicides for their ability to reduce mycelial growth and conidial germination of three botryosphaeriaceous species and to protect pruning wounds against infection. RESULTS: In vitro experiments showed that nine out of 16 tested fungicides were effective at reducing mycelial growth and/or conidial germination of three isolates each of Neofusicoccum australe, N. luteum and Diplodia mutila. The species differed in their response to the fungicides, although N. luteum was usually the least sensitive. When nine selected fungicides were sprayed on cane pruning wounds on potted and field grapevines and subsequently inoculated with N. luteum conidia, some effectively protected them from infection. The most effective fungicides were flusilazole, carbendazim, tebuconazole, thiophanate-methyl and mancozeb, as they prevented the inoculated pathogen from infecting healthy wood in 100, 93, 87, 83 and 80% of field vines, respectively. CONCLUSION: This research has demonstrated that fungicides applied after winter pruning can protect vines from infection by conidia of three botryosphaeriaceous species.
|
Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum luteum G(s)-1 assessed as conidial germination inhibition after 48 hr
|
Neofusicoccum luteum
|
0.04
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 5
First Page : 676
Last Page : 683
Authors : Amponsah NT, Jones E, Ridgway HJ, Jaspers MV.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: A range of botryosphaeriaceous species can cause dieback and cankers in grapevines; however, different species most commonly affect the grapevines in different grape-growing regions and countries. They infect through wounds and sporulate on woody stems and green shoots throughout the year, so wound protection is the recommended control strategy. This research evaluated fungicides for their ability to reduce mycelial growth and conidial germination of three botryosphaeriaceous species and to protect pruning wounds against infection. RESULTS: In vitro experiments showed that nine out of 16 tested fungicides were effective at reducing mycelial growth and/or conidial germination of three isolates each of Neofusicoccum australe, N. luteum and Diplodia mutila. The species differed in their response to the fungicides, although N. luteum was usually the least sensitive. When nine selected fungicides were sprayed on cane pruning wounds on potted and field grapevines and subsequently inoculated with N. luteum conidia, some effectively protected them from infection. The most effective fungicides were flusilazole, carbendazim, tebuconazole, thiophanate-methyl and mancozeb, as they prevented the inoculated pathogen from infecting healthy wood in 100, 93, 87, 83 and 80% of field vines, respectively. CONCLUSION: This research has demonstrated that fungicides applied after winter pruning can protect vines from infection by conidia of three botryosphaeriaceous species.
|
Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum australe J-3 assessed as conidial germination inhibition after 48 hr
|
Neofusicoccum australe
|
0.01
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 5
First Page : 676
Last Page : 683
Authors : Amponsah NT, Jones E, Ridgway HJ, Jaspers MV.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: A range of botryosphaeriaceous species can cause dieback and cankers in grapevines; however, different species most commonly affect the grapevines in different grape-growing regions and countries. They infect through wounds and sporulate on woody stems and green shoots throughout the year, so wound protection is the recommended control strategy. This research evaluated fungicides for their ability to reduce mycelial growth and conidial germination of three botryosphaeriaceous species and to protect pruning wounds against infection. RESULTS: In vitro experiments showed that nine out of 16 tested fungicides were effective at reducing mycelial growth and/or conidial germination of three isolates each of Neofusicoccum australe, N. luteum and Diplodia mutila. The species differed in their response to the fungicides, although N. luteum was usually the least sensitive. When nine selected fungicides were sprayed on cane pruning wounds on potted and field grapevines and subsequently inoculated with N. luteum conidia, some effectively protected them from infection. The most effective fungicides were flusilazole, carbendazim, tebuconazole, thiophanate-methyl and mancozeb, as they prevented the inoculated pathogen from infecting healthy wood in 100, 93, 87, 83 and 80% of field vines, respectively. CONCLUSION: This research has demonstrated that fungicides applied after winter pruning can protect vines from infection by conidia of three botryosphaeriaceous species.
|
Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum australe Mel-2 assessed as conidial germination inhibition after 48 hr
|
Neofusicoccum australe
|
0.01
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 5
First Page : 676
Last Page : 683
Authors : Amponsah NT, Jones E, Ridgway HJ, Jaspers MV.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: A range of botryosphaeriaceous species can cause dieback and cankers in grapevines; however, different species most commonly affect the grapevines in different grape-growing regions and countries. They infect through wounds and sporulate on woody stems and green shoots throughout the year, so wound protection is the recommended control strategy. This research evaluated fungicides for their ability to reduce mycelial growth and conidial germination of three botryosphaeriaceous species and to protect pruning wounds against infection. RESULTS: In vitro experiments showed that nine out of 16 tested fungicides were effective at reducing mycelial growth and/or conidial germination of three isolates each of Neofusicoccum australe, N. luteum and Diplodia mutila. The species differed in their response to the fungicides, although N. luteum was usually the least sensitive. When nine selected fungicides were sprayed on cane pruning wounds on potted and field grapevines and subsequently inoculated with N. luteum conidia, some effectively protected them from infection. The most effective fungicides were flusilazole, carbendazim, tebuconazole, thiophanate-methyl and mancozeb, as they prevented the inoculated pathogen from infecting healthy wood in 100, 93, 87, 83 and 80% of field vines, respectively. CONCLUSION: This research has demonstrated that fungicides applied after winter pruning can protect vines from infection by conidia of three botryosphaeriaceous species.
|
Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum australe Kat-1 assessed as conidial germination inhibition after 48 hr
|
Neofusicoccum australe
|
0.01
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 5
First Page : 676
Last Page : 683
Authors : Amponsah NT, Jones E, Ridgway HJ, Jaspers MV.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: A range of botryosphaeriaceous species can cause dieback and cankers in grapevines; however, different species most commonly affect the grapevines in different grape-growing regions and countries. They infect through wounds and sporulate on woody stems and green shoots throughout the year, so wound protection is the recommended control strategy. This research evaluated fungicides for their ability to reduce mycelial growth and conidial germination of three botryosphaeriaceous species and to protect pruning wounds against infection. RESULTS: In vitro experiments showed that nine out of 16 tested fungicides were effective at reducing mycelial growth and/or conidial germination of three isolates each of Neofusicoccum australe, N. luteum and Diplodia mutila. The species differed in their response to the fungicides, although N. luteum was usually the least sensitive. When nine selected fungicides were sprayed on cane pruning wounds on potted and field grapevines and subsequently inoculated with N. luteum conidia, some effectively protected them from infection. The most effective fungicides were flusilazole, carbendazim, tebuconazole, thiophanate-methyl and mancozeb, as they prevented the inoculated pathogen from infecting healthy wood in 100, 93, 87, 83 and 80% of field vines, respectively. CONCLUSION: This research has demonstrated that fungicides applied after winter pruning can protect vines from infection by conidia of three botryosphaeriaceous species.
|
Antifungal activity against Bipolaris oryzae assessed as fungus colony inhibition at 10 ppm measured after 96 hr by agar dilution method
|
Bipolaris oryzae
|
78.3
%
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Title : Synthesis of Some 2-Aryloxymethyl-1, 3, 4-thiadiazolo[2, 3-b]-quinazolin-4-ones and 2-Aryloxymethyl-5-substituted-1, 3, 4-thiadiazolo[3, 2-a]-s-triazin-7-thiones as Potential Biocides
Year : 1990
Volume : 15
Issue : 3
First Page : 357
Last Page : 362
Authors : TIWARI N, DWIVEDI B, NIZAMUDDIN
|
Antifungal activity against Bipolaris oryzae assessed as fungus colony inhibition at 100 ppm measured after 96 hr by agar dilution method
|
Bipolaris oryzae
|
85.2
%
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Title : Synthesis of Some 2-Aryloxymethyl-1, 3, 4-thiadiazolo[2, 3-b]-quinazolin-4-ones and 2-Aryloxymethyl-5-substituted-1, 3, 4-thiadiazolo[3, 2-a]-s-triazin-7-thiones as Potential Biocides
Year : 1990
Volume : 15
Issue : 3
First Page : 357
Last Page : 362
Authors : TIWARI N, DWIVEDI B, NIZAMUDDIN
|
Antifungal activity against Bipolaris oryzae assessed as fungus colony inhibition at 1000 ppm measured after 96 hr by agar dilution method
|
Bipolaris oryzae
|
98.0
%
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Title : Synthesis of Some 2-Aryloxymethyl-1, 3, 4-thiadiazolo[2, 3-b]-quinazolin-4-ones and 2-Aryloxymethyl-5-substituted-1, 3, 4-thiadiazolo[3, 2-a]-s-triazin-7-thiones as Potential Biocides
Year : 1990
Volume : 15
Issue : 3
First Page : 357
Last Page : 362
Authors : TIWARI N, DWIVEDI B, NIZAMUDDIN
|
Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger assessed as fungus colony inhibition at 10 ppm measured after 96 hr by agar dilution method
|
Aspergillus niger
|
78.6
%
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Title : Synthesis of Some 2-Aryloxymethyl-1, 3, 4-thiadiazolo[2, 3-b]-quinazolin-4-ones and 2-Aryloxymethyl-5-substituted-1, 3, 4-thiadiazolo[3, 2-a]-s-triazin-7-thiones as Potential Biocides
Year : 1990
Volume : 15
Issue : 3
First Page : 357
Last Page : 362
Authors : TIWARI N, DWIVEDI B, NIZAMUDDIN
|
Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger assessed as fungus colony inhibition at 100 ppm measured after 96 hr by agar dilution method
|
Aspergillus niger
|
84.4
%
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Title : Synthesis of Some 2-Aryloxymethyl-1, 3, 4-thiadiazolo[2, 3-b]-quinazolin-4-ones and 2-Aryloxymethyl-5-substituted-1, 3, 4-thiadiazolo[3, 2-a]-s-triazin-7-thiones as Potential Biocides
Year : 1990
Volume : 15
Issue : 3
First Page : 357
Last Page : 362
Authors : TIWARI N, DWIVEDI B, NIZAMUDDIN
|
Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger assessed as fungus colony inhibition at 1000 ppm measured after 96 hr by agar dilution method
|
Aspergillus niger
|
98.8
%
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Title : Synthesis of Some 2-Aryloxymethyl-1, 3, 4-thiadiazolo[2, 3-b]-quinazolin-4-ones and 2-Aryloxymethyl-5-substituted-1, 3, 4-thiadiazolo[3, 2-a]-s-triazin-7-thiones as Potential Biocides
Year : 1990
Volume : 15
Issue : 3
First Page : 357
Last Page : 362
Authors : TIWARI N, DWIVEDI B, NIZAMUDDIN
|
Fungicidal activity against Diplodia mutila Q assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 48 hr
|
Diplodia mutila
|
0.0
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 5
First Page : 676
Last Page : 683
Authors : Amponsah NT, Jones E, Ridgway HJ, Jaspers MV.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: A range of botryosphaeriaceous species can cause dieback and cankers in grapevines; however, different species most commonly affect the grapevines in different grape-growing regions and countries. They infect through wounds and sporulate on woody stems and green shoots throughout the year, so wound protection is the recommended control strategy. This research evaluated fungicides for their ability to reduce mycelial growth and conidial germination of three botryosphaeriaceous species and to protect pruning wounds against infection. RESULTS: In vitro experiments showed that nine out of 16 tested fungicides were effective at reducing mycelial growth and/or conidial germination of three isolates each of Neofusicoccum australe, N. luteum and Diplodia mutila. The species differed in their response to the fungicides, although N. luteum was usually the least sensitive. When nine selected fungicides were sprayed on cane pruning wounds on potted and field grapevines and subsequently inoculated with N. luteum conidia, some effectively protected them from infection. The most effective fungicides were flusilazole, carbendazim, tebuconazole, thiophanate-methyl and mancozeb, as they prevented the inoculated pathogen from infecting healthy wood in 100, 93, 87, 83 and 80% of field vines, respectively. CONCLUSION: This research has demonstrated that fungicides applied after winter pruning can protect vines from infection by conidia of three botryosphaeriaceous species.
|
Fungicidal activity against Diplodia mutila Iso-2 assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 48 hr
|
Diplodia mutila
|
0.0
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 5
First Page : 676
Last Page : 683
Authors : Amponsah NT, Jones E, Ridgway HJ, Jaspers MV.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: A range of botryosphaeriaceous species can cause dieback and cankers in grapevines; however, different species most commonly affect the grapevines in different grape-growing regions and countries. They infect through wounds and sporulate on woody stems and green shoots throughout the year, so wound protection is the recommended control strategy. This research evaluated fungicides for their ability to reduce mycelial growth and conidial germination of three botryosphaeriaceous species and to protect pruning wounds against infection. RESULTS: In vitro experiments showed that nine out of 16 tested fungicides were effective at reducing mycelial growth and/or conidial germination of three isolates each of Neofusicoccum australe, N. luteum and Diplodia mutila. The species differed in their response to the fungicides, although N. luteum was usually the least sensitive. When nine selected fungicides were sprayed on cane pruning wounds on potted and field grapevines and subsequently inoculated with N. luteum conidia, some effectively protected them from infection. The most effective fungicides were flusilazole, carbendazim, tebuconazole, thiophanate-methyl and mancozeb, as they prevented the inoculated pathogen from infecting healthy wood in 100, 93, 87, 83 and 80% of field vines, respectively. CONCLUSION: This research has demonstrated that fungicides applied after winter pruning can protect vines from infection by conidia of three botryosphaeriaceous species.
|
Fungicidal activity against Diplodia mutila F (12)2 assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 48 hr
|
Diplodia mutila
|
0.0
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 5
First Page : 676
Last Page : 683
Authors : Amponsah NT, Jones E, Ridgway HJ, Jaspers MV.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: A range of botryosphaeriaceous species can cause dieback and cankers in grapevines; however, different species most commonly affect the grapevines in different grape-growing regions and countries. They infect through wounds and sporulate on woody stems and green shoots throughout the year, so wound protection is the recommended control strategy. This research evaluated fungicides for their ability to reduce mycelial growth and conidial germination of three botryosphaeriaceous species and to protect pruning wounds against infection. RESULTS: In vitro experiments showed that nine out of 16 tested fungicides were effective at reducing mycelial growth and/or conidial germination of three isolates each of Neofusicoccum australe, N. luteum and Diplodia mutila. The species differed in their response to the fungicides, although N. luteum was usually the least sensitive. When nine selected fungicides were sprayed on cane pruning wounds on potted and field grapevines and subsequently inoculated with N. luteum conidia, some effectively protected them from infection. The most effective fungicides were flusilazole, carbendazim, tebuconazole, thiophanate-methyl and mancozeb, as they prevented the inoculated pathogen from infecting healthy wood in 100, 93, 87, 83 and 80% of field vines, respectively. CONCLUSION: This research has demonstrated that fungicides applied after winter pruning can protect vines from infection by conidia of three botryosphaeriaceous species.
|
Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum luteum M (13)8 assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 48 hr
|
Neofusicoccum luteum
|
0.061
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 5
First Page : 676
Last Page : 683
Authors : Amponsah NT, Jones E, Ridgway HJ, Jaspers MV.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: A range of botryosphaeriaceous species can cause dieback and cankers in grapevines; however, different species most commonly affect the grapevines in different grape-growing regions and countries. They infect through wounds and sporulate on woody stems and green shoots throughout the year, so wound protection is the recommended control strategy. This research evaluated fungicides for their ability to reduce mycelial growth and conidial germination of three botryosphaeriaceous species and to protect pruning wounds against infection. RESULTS: In vitro experiments showed that nine out of 16 tested fungicides were effective at reducing mycelial growth and/or conidial germination of three isolates each of Neofusicoccum australe, N. luteum and Diplodia mutila. The species differed in their response to the fungicides, although N. luteum was usually the least sensitive. When nine selected fungicides were sprayed on cane pruning wounds on potted and field grapevines and subsequently inoculated with N. luteum conidia, some effectively protected them from infection. The most effective fungicides were flusilazole, carbendazim, tebuconazole, thiophanate-methyl and mancozeb, as they prevented the inoculated pathogen from infecting healthy wood in 100, 93, 87, 83 and 80% of field vines, respectively. CONCLUSION: This research has demonstrated that fungicides applied after winter pruning can protect vines from infection by conidia of three botryosphaeriaceous species.
|
Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum luteum N(12)2 assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 48 hr
|
Neofusicoccum luteum
|
0.061
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 5
First Page : 676
Last Page : 683
Authors : Amponsah NT, Jones E, Ridgway HJ, Jaspers MV.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: A range of botryosphaeriaceous species can cause dieback and cankers in grapevines; however, different species most commonly affect the grapevines in different grape-growing regions and countries. They infect through wounds and sporulate on woody stems and green shoots throughout the year, so wound protection is the recommended control strategy. This research evaluated fungicides for their ability to reduce mycelial growth and conidial germination of three botryosphaeriaceous species and to protect pruning wounds against infection. RESULTS: In vitro experiments showed that nine out of 16 tested fungicides were effective at reducing mycelial growth and/or conidial germination of three isolates each of Neofusicoccum australe, N. luteum and Diplodia mutila. The species differed in their response to the fungicides, although N. luteum was usually the least sensitive. When nine selected fungicides were sprayed on cane pruning wounds on potted and field grapevines and subsequently inoculated with N. luteum conidia, some effectively protected them from infection. The most effective fungicides were flusilazole, carbendazim, tebuconazole, thiophanate-methyl and mancozeb, as they prevented the inoculated pathogen from infecting healthy wood in 100, 93, 87, 83 and 80% of field vines, respectively. CONCLUSION: This research has demonstrated that fungicides applied after winter pruning can protect vines from infection by conidia of three botryosphaeriaceous species.
|
Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum luteum G(s)-1 assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 48 hr
|
Neofusicoccum luteum
|
0.061
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 5
First Page : 676
Last Page : 683
Authors : Amponsah NT, Jones E, Ridgway HJ, Jaspers MV.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: A range of botryosphaeriaceous species can cause dieback and cankers in grapevines; however, different species most commonly affect the grapevines in different grape-growing regions and countries. They infect through wounds and sporulate on woody stems and green shoots throughout the year, so wound protection is the recommended control strategy. This research evaluated fungicides for their ability to reduce mycelial growth and conidial germination of three botryosphaeriaceous species and to protect pruning wounds against infection. RESULTS: In vitro experiments showed that nine out of 16 tested fungicides were effective at reducing mycelial growth and/or conidial germination of three isolates each of Neofusicoccum australe, N. luteum and Diplodia mutila. The species differed in their response to the fungicides, although N. luteum was usually the least sensitive. When nine selected fungicides were sprayed on cane pruning wounds on potted and field grapevines and subsequently inoculated with N. luteum conidia, some effectively protected them from infection. The most effective fungicides were flusilazole, carbendazim, tebuconazole, thiophanate-methyl and mancozeb, as they prevented the inoculated pathogen from infecting healthy wood in 100, 93, 87, 83 and 80% of field vines, respectively. CONCLUSION: This research has demonstrated that fungicides applied after winter pruning can protect vines from infection by conidia of three botryosphaeriaceous species.
|
Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum australe J-3 assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 48 hr
|
Neofusicoccum australe
|
0.023
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 5
First Page : 676
Last Page : 683
Authors : Amponsah NT, Jones E, Ridgway HJ, Jaspers MV.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: A range of botryosphaeriaceous species can cause dieback and cankers in grapevines; however, different species most commonly affect the grapevines in different grape-growing regions and countries. They infect through wounds and sporulate on woody stems and green shoots throughout the year, so wound protection is the recommended control strategy. This research evaluated fungicides for their ability to reduce mycelial growth and conidial germination of three botryosphaeriaceous species and to protect pruning wounds against infection. RESULTS: In vitro experiments showed that nine out of 16 tested fungicides were effective at reducing mycelial growth and/or conidial germination of three isolates each of Neofusicoccum australe, N. luteum and Diplodia mutila. The species differed in their response to the fungicides, although N. luteum was usually the least sensitive. When nine selected fungicides were sprayed on cane pruning wounds on potted and field grapevines and subsequently inoculated with N. luteum conidia, some effectively protected them from infection. The most effective fungicides were flusilazole, carbendazim, tebuconazole, thiophanate-methyl and mancozeb, as they prevented the inoculated pathogen from infecting healthy wood in 100, 93, 87, 83 and 80% of field vines, respectively. CONCLUSION: This research has demonstrated that fungicides applied after winter pruning can protect vines from infection by conidia of three botryosphaeriaceous species.
|
Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum australe Mel-2 assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 48 hr
|
Neofusicoccum australe
|
0.023
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 5
First Page : 676
Last Page : 683
Authors : Amponsah NT, Jones E, Ridgway HJ, Jaspers MV.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: A range of botryosphaeriaceous species can cause dieback and cankers in grapevines; however, different species most commonly affect the grapevines in different grape-growing regions and countries. They infect through wounds and sporulate on woody stems and green shoots throughout the year, so wound protection is the recommended control strategy. This research evaluated fungicides for their ability to reduce mycelial growth and conidial germination of three botryosphaeriaceous species and to protect pruning wounds against infection. RESULTS: In vitro experiments showed that nine out of 16 tested fungicides were effective at reducing mycelial growth and/or conidial germination of three isolates each of Neofusicoccum australe, N. luteum and Diplodia mutila. The species differed in their response to the fungicides, although N. luteum was usually the least sensitive. When nine selected fungicides were sprayed on cane pruning wounds on potted and field grapevines and subsequently inoculated with N. luteum conidia, some effectively protected them from infection. The most effective fungicides were flusilazole, carbendazim, tebuconazole, thiophanate-methyl and mancozeb, as they prevented the inoculated pathogen from infecting healthy wood in 100, 93, 87, 83 and 80% of field vines, respectively. CONCLUSION: This research has demonstrated that fungicides applied after winter pruning can protect vines from infection by conidia of three botryosphaeriaceous species.
|
Fungicidal activity against Neofusicoccum australe Kat-1 assessed as mycelial growth inhibition after 48 hr
|
Neofusicoccum australe
|
0.023
mgAi/L
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 5
First Page : 676
Last Page : 683
Authors : Amponsah NT, Jones E, Ridgway HJ, Jaspers MV.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: A range of botryosphaeriaceous species can cause dieback and cankers in grapevines; however, different species most commonly affect the grapevines in different grape-growing regions and countries. They infect through wounds and sporulate on woody stems and green shoots throughout the year, so wound protection is the recommended control strategy. This research evaluated fungicides for their ability to reduce mycelial growth and conidial germination of three botryosphaeriaceous species and to protect pruning wounds against infection. RESULTS: In vitro experiments showed that nine out of 16 tested fungicides were effective at reducing mycelial growth and/or conidial germination of three isolates each of Neofusicoccum australe, N. luteum and Diplodia mutila. The species differed in their response to the fungicides, although N. luteum was usually the least sensitive. When nine selected fungicides were sprayed on cane pruning wounds on potted and field grapevines and subsequently inoculated with N. luteum conidia, some effectively protected them from infection. The most effective fungicides were flusilazole, carbendazim, tebuconazole, thiophanate-methyl and mancozeb, as they prevented the inoculated pathogen from infecting healthy wood in 100, 93, 87, 83 and 80% of field vines, respectively. CONCLUSION: This research has demonstrated that fungicides applied after winter pruning can protect vines from infection by conidia of three botryosphaeriaceous species.
|
Antifungal activity against beta2 tubulin over-expressing Fusarium graminearum JOE assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth
|
Fusarium graminearum
|
14.13
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : β-Tubulins in Gibberella zeae: their characterization and contribution to carbendazim resistance.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 8
First Page : 1191
Last Page : 1198
Authors : Qiu J, Huang T, Xu J, Bi C, Chen C, Zhou M.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Fusarium head blight caused by Gibberella zeae is an important disease of wheat and barley because it reduces grain yield and quality and results in the contamination of grain with mycotoxins. Recent studies have shown that carbendazim resistance in field strains of G. zeae is not caused by mutation of the β-tubulin gene (β₁ tub), which is the case with other filamentous fungi, but that fungicide resistance is greatly increased by deletion of β₁ tub. The aim of the present study was to clarify the function of β₁ tub and its role in carbendazim resistance in G. zeae by artificial gene operation. RESULTS: Deletion of β₁ tub reduced vegetative growth and pathogenicity but increased asexual reproduction in G. zeae. All the mutants were more resistant to carbendazim than parent strains. A three-dimensional model of β₁ tub was constructed, and the possible carbendazim binding site was analysed. CONCLUSION: β₁ tub is not an essential gene in G. zeae, but it affects the sensitivity of the fungus to carbendazim.
|
Antifungal activity against Fusarium graminearum JT04 assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth
|
Fusarium graminearum
|
4.513
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : β-Tubulins in Gibberella zeae: their characterization and contribution to carbendazim resistance.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 8
First Page : 1191
Last Page : 1198
Authors : Qiu J, Huang T, Xu J, Bi C, Chen C, Zhou M.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Fusarium head blight caused by Gibberella zeae is an important disease of wheat and barley because it reduces grain yield and quality and results in the contamination of grain with mycotoxins. Recent studies have shown that carbendazim resistance in field strains of G. zeae is not caused by mutation of the β-tubulin gene (β₁ tub), which is the case with other filamentous fungi, but that fungicide resistance is greatly increased by deletion of β₁ tub. The aim of the present study was to clarify the function of β₁ tub and its role in carbendazim resistance in G. zeae by artificial gene operation. RESULTS: Deletion of β₁ tub reduced vegetative growth and pathogenicity but increased asexual reproduction in G. zeae. All the mutants were more resistant to carbendazim than parent strains. A three-dimensional model of β₁ tub was constructed, and the possible carbendazim binding site was analysed. CONCLUSION: β₁ tub is not an essential gene in G. zeae, but it affects the sensitivity of the fungus to carbendazim.
|
Antifungal activity against beta1 tubulin deletion mutant Fusarium graminearum DBF200Y containing site-directed mutant at codon 200 of beta2 tubulin assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth
|
Fusarium graminearum
|
55.87
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : β-Tubulins in Gibberella zeae: their characterization and contribution to carbendazim resistance.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 8
First Page : 1191
Last Page : 1198
Authors : Qiu J, Huang T, Xu J, Bi C, Chen C, Zhou M.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Fusarium head blight caused by Gibberella zeae is an important disease of wheat and barley because it reduces grain yield and quality and results in the contamination of grain with mycotoxins. Recent studies have shown that carbendazim resistance in field strains of G. zeae is not caused by mutation of the β-tubulin gene (β₁ tub), which is the case with other filamentous fungi, but that fungicide resistance is greatly increased by deletion of β₁ tub. The aim of the present study was to clarify the function of β₁ tub and its role in carbendazim resistance in G. zeae by artificial gene operation. RESULTS: Deletion of β₁ tub reduced vegetative growth and pathogenicity but increased asexual reproduction in G. zeae. All the mutants were more resistant to carbendazim than parent strains. A three-dimensional model of β₁ tub was constructed, and the possible carbendazim binding site was analysed. CONCLUSION: β₁ tub is not an essential gene in G. zeae, but it affects the sensitivity of the fungus to carbendazim.
|
Antifungal activity against Fusarium graminearum F200Y containing site-directed mutant at codon 200 of beta2 tubulin assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth
|
Fusarium graminearum
|
10.92
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : β-Tubulins in Gibberella zeae: their characterization and contribution to carbendazim resistance.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 8
First Page : 1191
Last Page : 1198
Authors : Qiu J, Huang T, Xu J, Bi C, Chen C, Zhou M.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Fusarium head blight caused by Gibberella zeae is an important disease of wheat and barley because it reduces grain yield and quality and results in the contamination of grain with mycotoxins. Recent studies have shown that carbendazim resistance in field strains of G. zeae is not caused by mutation of the β-tubulin gene (β₁ tub), which is the case with other filamentous fungi, but that fungicide resistance is greatly increased by deletion of β₁ tub. The aim of the present study was to clarify the function of β₁ tub and its role in carbendazim resistance in G. zeae by artificial gene operation. RESULTS: Deletion of β₁ tub reduced vegetative growth and pathogenicity but increased asexual reproduction in G. zeae. All the mutants were more resistant to carbendazim than parent strains. A three-dimensional model of β₁ tub was constructed, and the possible carbendazim binding site was analysed. CONCLUSION: β₁ tub is not an essential gene in G. zeae, but it affects the sensitivity of the fungus to carbendazim.
|
Antifungal activity against beta1 tubulin deletion mutant Fusarium graminearum DBF167Y containing site-directed mutant at codon 167 of beta2 tubulin assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth
|
Fusarium graminearum
|
25.18
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : β-Tubulins in Gibberella zeae: their characterization and contribution to carbendazim resistance.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 8
First Page : 1191
Last Page : 1198
Authors : Qiu J, Huang T, Xu J, Bi C, Chen C, Zhou M.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Fusarium head blight caused by Gibberella zeae is an important disease of wheat and barley because it reduces grain yield and quality and results in the contamination of grain with mycotoxins. Recent studies have shown that carbendazim resistance in field strains of G. zeae is not caused by mutation of the β-tubulin gene (β₁ tub), which is the case with other filamentous fungi, but that fungicide resistance is greatly increased by deletion of β₁ tub. The aim of the present study was to clarify the function of β₁ tub and its role in carbendazim resistance in G. zeae by artificial gene operation. RESULTS: Deletion of β₁ tub reduced vegetative growth and pathogenicity but increased asexual reproduction in G. zeae. All the mutants were more resistant to carbendazim than parent strains. A three-dimensional model of β₁ tub was constructed, and the possible carbendazim binding site was analysed. CONCLUSION: β₁ tub is not an essential gene in G. zeae, but it affects the sensitivity of the fungus to carbendazim.
|
Antifungal activity against Fusarium graminearum F167Y containing site-directed mutant at codon 167 of beta2 tubulin assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth
|
Fusarium graminearum
|
10.85
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : β-Tubulins in Gibberella zeae: their characterization and contribution to carbendazim resistance.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 8
First Page : 1191
Last Page : 1198
Authors : Qiu J, Huang T, Xu J, Bi C, Chen C, Zhou M.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Fusarium head blight caused by Gibberella zeae is an important disease of wheat and barley because it reduces grain yield and quality and results in the contamination of grain with mycotoxins. Recent studies have shown that carbendazim resistance in field strains of G. zeae is not caused by mutation of the β-tubulin gene (β₁ tub), which is the case with other filamentous fungi, but that fungicide resistance is greatly increased by deletion of β₁ tub. The aim of the present study was to clarify the function of β₁ tub and its role in carbendazim resistance in G. zeae by artificial gene operation. RESULTS: Deletion of β₁ tub reduced vegetative growth and pathogenicity but increased asexual reproduction in G. zeae. All the mutants were more resistant to carbendazim than parent strains. A three-dimensional model of β₁ tub was constructed, and the possible carbendazim binding site was analysed. CONCLUSION: β₁ tub is not an essential gene in G. zeae, but it affects the sensitivity of the fungus to carbendazim.
|
Antifungal activity against Fusarium graminearum Y50C containing site-directed mutant at codon 50 of beta2 tubulin assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth
|
Fusarium graminearum
|
3.24
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : β-Tubulins in Gibberella zeae: their characterization and contribution to carbendazim resistance.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 8
First Page : 1191
Last Page : 1198
Authors : Qiu J, Huang T, Xu J, Bi C, Chen C, Zhou M.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Fusarium head blight caused by Gibberella zeae is an important disease of wheat and barley because it reduces grain yield and quality and results in the contamination of grain with mycotoxins. Recent studies have shown that carbendazim resistance in field strains of G. zeae is not caused by mutation of the β-tubulin gene (β₁ tub), which is the case with other filamentous fungi, but that fungicide resistance is greatly increased by deletion of β₁ tub. The aim of the present study was to clarify the function of β₁ tub and its role in carbendazim resistance in G. zeae by artificial gene operation. RESULTS: Deletion of β₁ tub reduced vegetative growth and pathogenicity but increased asexual reproduction in G. zeae. All the mutants were more resistant to carbendazim than parent strains. A three-dimensional model of β₁ tub was constructed, and the possible carbendazim binding site was analysed. CONCLUSION: β₁ tub is not an essential gene in G. zeae, but it affects the sensitivity of the fungus to carbendazim.
|
Antifungal activity against beta1 tubulin deletion mutant Fusarium graminearum DB Y50C containing site-directed mutant at codon 50 of beta2 tubulin assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth
|
Fusarium graminearum
|
9.72
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : β-Tubulins in Gibberella zeae: their characterization and contribution to carbendazim resistance.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 8
First Page : 1191
Last Page : 1198
Authors : Qiu J, Huang T, Xu J, Bi C, Chen C, Zhou M.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Fusarium head blight caused by Gibberella zeae is an important disease of wheat and barley because it reduces grain yield and quality and results in the contamination of grain with mycotoxins. Recent studies have shown that carbendazim resistance in field strains of G. zeae is not caused by mutation of the β-tubulin gene (β₁ tub), which is the case with other filamentous fungi, but that fungicide resistance is greatly increased by deletion of β₁ tub. The aim of the present study was to clarify the function of β₁ tub and its role in carbendazim resistance in G. zeae by artificial gene operation. RESULTS: Deletion of β₁ tub reduced vegetative growth and pathogenicity but increased asexual reproduction in G. zeae. All the mutants were more resistant to carbendazim than parent strains. A three-dimensional model of β₁ tub was constructed, and the possible carbendazim binding site was analysed. CONCLUSION: β₁ tub is not an essential gene in G. zeae, but it affects the sensitivity of the fungus to carbendazim.
|
Antifungal activity against beta1 tubulin deletion mutant Fusarium graminearum DB2-145 assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth
|
Fusarium graminearum
|
0.68
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : β-Tubulins in Gibberella zeae: their characterization and contribution to carbendazim resistance.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 8
First Page : 1191
Last Page : 1198
Authors : Qiu J, Huang T, Xu J, Bi C, Chen C, Zhou M.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Fusarium head blight caused by Gibberella zeae is an important disease of wheat and barley because it reduces grain yield and quality and results in the contamination of grain with mycotoxins. Recent studies have shown that carbendazim resistance in field strains of G. zeae is not caused by mutation of the β-tubulin gene (β₁ tub), which is the case with other filamentous fungi, but that fungicide resistance is greatly increased by deletion of β₁ tub. The aim of the present study was to clarify the function of β₁ tub and its role in carbendazim resistance in G. zeae by artificial gene operation. RESULTS: Deletion of β₁ tub reduced vegetative growth and pathogenicity but increased asexual reproduction in G. zeae. All the mutants were more resistant to carbendazim than parent strains. A three-dimensional model of β₁ tub was constructed, and the possible carbendazim binding site was analysed. CONCLUSION: β₁ tub is not an essential gene in G. zeae, but it affects the sensitivity of the fungus to carbendazim.
|
Antifungal activity against Fusarium graminearum E198K containing site-directed mutant at codon 198 of beta2 tubulin assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth
|
Fusarium graminearum
|
3.52
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : β-Tubulins in Gibberella zeae: their characterization and contribution to carbendazim resistance.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 8
First Page : 1191
Last Page : 1198
Authors : Qiu J, Huang T, Xu J, Bi C, Chen C, Zhou M.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Fusarium head blight caused by Gibberella zeae is an important disease of wheat and barley because it reduces grain yield and quality and results in the contamination of grain with mycotoxins. Recent studies have shown that carbendazim resistance in field strains of G. zeae is not caused by mutation of the β-tubulin gene (β₁ tub), which is the case with other filamentous fungi, but that fungicide resistance is greatly increased by deletion of β₁ tub. The aim of the present study was to clarify the function of β₁ tub and its role in carbendazim resistance in G. zeae by artificial gene operation. RESULTS: Deletion of β₁ tub reduced vegetative growth and pathogenicity but increased asexual reproduction in G. zeae. All the mutants were more resistant to carbendazim than parent strains. A three-dimensional model of β₁ tub was constructed, and the possible carbendazim binding site was analysed. CONCLUSION: β₁ tub is not an essential gene in G. zeae, but it affects the sensitivity of the fungus to carbendazim.
|
Antifungal activity against beta1 tubulin deletion mutant Fusarium graminearum DBE198K containing site-directed mutant at codon 198 of beta2 tubulin assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth
|
Fusarium graminearum
|
10.16
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : β-Tubulins in Gibberella zeae: their characterization and contribution to carbendazim resistance.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 8
First Page : 1191
Last Page : 1198
Authors : Qiu J, Huang T, Xu J, Bi C, Chen C, Zhou M.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Fusarium head blight caused by Gibberella zeae is an important disease of wheat and barley because it reduces grain yield and quality and results in the contamination of grain with mycotoxins. Recent studies have shown that carbendazim resistance in field strains of G. zeae is not caused by mutation of the β-tubulin gene (β₁ tub), which is the case with other filamentous fungi, but that fungicide resistance is greatly increased by deletion of β₁ tub. The aim of the present study was to clarify the function of β₁ tub and its role in carbendazim resistance in G. zeae by artificial gene operation. RESULTS: Deletion of β₁ tub reduced vegetative growth and pathogenicity but increased asexual reproduction in G. zeae. All the mutants were more resistant to carbendazim than parent strains. A three-dimensional model of β₁ tub was constructed, and the possible carbendazim binding site was analysed. CONCLUSION: β₁ tub is not an essential gene in G. zeae, but it affects the sensitivity of the fungus to carbendazim.
|
Antifungal activity against beta2 tubulin deletion mutant Fusarium graminearum DN83 assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth
|
Fusarium graminearum
|
0.1
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : β-Tubulins in Gibberella zeae: their characterization and contribution to carbendazim resistance.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 8
First Page : 1191
Last Page : 1198
Authors : Qiu J, Huang T, Xu J, Bi C, Chen C, Zhou M.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Fusarium head blight caused by Gibberella zeae is an important disease of wheat and barley because it reduces grain yield and quality and results in the contamination of grain with mycotoxins. Recent studies have shown that carbendazim resistance in field strains of G. zeae is not caused by mutation of the β-tubulin gene (β₁ tub), which is the case with other filamentous fungi, but that fungicide resistance is greatly increased by deletion of β₁ tub. The aim of the present study was to clarify the function of β₁ tub and its role in carbendazim resistance in G. zeae by artificial gene operation. RESULTS: Deletion of β₁ tub reduced vegetative growth and pathogenicity but increased asexual reproduction in G. zeae. All the mutants were more resistant to carbendazim than parent strains. A three-dimensional model of β₁ tub was constructed, and the possible carbendazim binding site was analysed. CONCLUSION: β₁ tub is not an essential gene in G. zeae, but it affects the sensitivity of the fungus to carbendazim.
|
Antifungal activity against beta2 tubulin over-expressing Fusarium graminearum 2OE assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth
|
Fusarium graminearum
|
0.64
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : β-Tubulins in Gibberella zeae: their characterization and contribution to carbendazim resistance.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 8
First Page : 1191
Last Page : 1198
Authors : Qiu J, Huang T, Xu J, Bi C, Chen C, Zhou M.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Fusarium head blight caused by Gibberella zeae is an important disease of wheat and barley because it reduces grain yield and quality and results in the contamination of grain with mycotoxins. Recent studies have shown that carbendazim resistance in field strains of G. zeae is not caused by mutation of the β-tubulin gene (β₁ tub), which is the case with other filamentous fungi, but that fungicide resistance is greatly increased by deletion of β₁ tub. The aim of the present study was to clarify the function of β₁ tub and its role in carbendazim resistance in G. zeae by artificial gene operation. RESULTS: Deletion of β₁ tub reduced vegetative growth and pathogenicity but increased asexual reproduction in G. zeae. All the mutants were more resistant to carbendazim than parent strains. A three-dimensional model of β₁ tub was constructed, and the possible carbendazim binding site was analysed. CONCLUSION: β₁ tub is not an essential gene in G. zeae, but it affects the sensitivity of the fungus to carbendazim.
|
Antifungal activity against wild type Fusarium graminearum 2021 assessed as inhibition of mycelial growth
|
Fusarium graminearum
|
0.47
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : β-Tubulins in Gibberella zeae: their characterization and contribution to carbendazim resistance.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 8
First Page : 1191
Last Page : 1198
Authors : Qiu J, Huang T, Xu J, Bi C, Chen C, Zhou M.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Fusarium head blight caused by Gibberella zeae is an important disease of wheat and barley because it reduces grain yield and quality and results in the contamination of grain with mycotoxins. Recent studies have shown that carbendazim resistance in field strains of G. zeae is not caused by mutation of the β-tubulin gene (β₁ tub), which is the case with other filamentous fungi, but that fungicide resistance is greatly increased by deletion of β₁ tub. The aim of the present study was to clarify the function of β₁ tub and its role in carbendazim resistance in G. zeae by artificial gene operation. RESULTS: Deletion of β₁ tub reduced vegetative growth and pathogenicity but increased asexual reproduction in G. zeae. All the mutants were more resistant to carbendazim than parent strains. A three-dimensional model of β₁ tub was constructed, and the possible carbendazim binding site was analysed. CONCLUSION: β₁ tub is not an essential gene in G. zeae, but it affects the sensitivity of the fungus to carbendazim.
|
Fungitoxicity against highly fenhexamid resistant Monilinia laxa MF-2 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth measured at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.1
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Baseline sensitivity of Monilinia laxa from Greece to fenhexamid and analysis of fenhexamid-resistant mutants
Year : 2013
Volume : 46
First Page : 13
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis A, Anastasios Markoglou, George Karaoglanidis, Nikolaos Koukiasas, Thomas Veloukas.
Abstract : Fenhexamid is a hydroxyanilide fungicide with excellent performance against Botrytis cinerea but also effective against Monilinia spp. which cause brown rot disease in apple and stone fruit. A total of 75 Monilinia laxa field isolates were utilized to determine baseline sensitivity while a number of fenhexamid-resistant laboratory mutants were used to evaluate the resistance risk associated with the longevity of the effectiveness of fenhexamid. Fenhexamid was found to be highly effective against all field isolates. EC50 values ranged from 0.02 to 1 μg mL−1 and were distributed unimodaly around an average of 0.1 μg mL−1. M. laxa laboratory strains with moderate and high resistance levels to fenhexamid were isolated after UV mutagenesis. All fenhexamid-resistant strains showed parental sensitivity to carbendazim, iprodione, fludioxonil, pyraclostrobin, flusilazole and prochloraz. Interestingly, some of the mutant strains were also resistant to tridemorph, fenpropimorph and spiroxamine. Studies on fitness parameters of fenhexamid-resistant strains revealed a fitness cost on sporulation and pathogenicity but not on mycelial growth. These results suggest that fenhexamid should be a good alternative site-specific fungicide for the control of brown rot disease caused by M. laxa. However, appropriate anti-resistance strategies should be considered to ensure the successful commercial use of fenhexamid in the long run.
|
Fungitoxicity against highly fenhexamid resistant Monilinia laxa MF-3 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth measured at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.1
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Baseline sensitivity of Monilinia laxa from Greece to fenhexamid and analysis of fenhexamid-resistant mutants
Year : 2013
Volume : 46
First Page : 13
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis A, Anastasios Markoglou, George Karaoglanidis, Nikolaos Koukiasas, Thomas Veloukas.
Abstract : Fenhexamid is a hydroxyanilide fungicide with excellent performance against Botrytis cinerea but also effective against Monilinia spp. which cause brown rot disease in apple and stone fruit. A total of 75 Monilinia laxa field isolates were utilized to determine baseline sensitivity while a number of fenhexamid-resistant laboratory mutants were used to evaluate the resistance risk associated with the longevity of the effectiveness of fenhexamid. Fenhexamid was found to be highly effective against all field isolates. EC50 values ranged from 0.02 to 1 μg mL−1 and were distributed unimodaly around an average of 0.1 μg mL−1. M. laxa laboratory strains with moderate and high resistance levels to fenhexamid were isolated after UV mutagenesis. All fenhexamid-resistant strains showed parental sensitivity to carbendazim, iprodione, fludioxonil, pyraclostrobin, flusilazole and prochloraz. Interestingly, some of the mutant strains were also resistant to tridemorph, fenpropimorph and spiroxamine. Studies on fitness parameters of fenhexamid-resistant strains revealed a fitness cost on sporulation and pathogenicity but not on mycelial growth. These results suggest that fenhexamid should be a good alternative site-specific fungicide for the control of brown rot disease caused by M. laxa. However, appropriate anti-resistance strategies should be considered to ensure the successful commercial use of fenhexamid in the long run.
|
Fungitoxicity against moderately fenhexamid resistant Monilinia laxa MF-7 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth measured at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.3
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Baseline sensitivity of Monilinia laxa from Greece to fenhexamid and analysis of fenhexamid-resistant mutants
Year : 2013
Volume : 46
First Page : 13
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis A, Anastasios Markoglou, George Karaoglanidis, Nikolaos Koukiasas, Thomas Veloukas.
Abstract : Fenhexamid is a hydroxyanilide fungicide with excellent performance against Botrytis cinerea but also effective against Monilinia spp. which cause brown rot disease in apple and stone fruit. A total of 75 Monilinia laxa field isolates were utilized to determine baseline sensitivity while a number of fenhexamid-resistant laboratory mutants were used to evaluate the resistance risk associated with the longevity of the effectiveness of fenhexamid. Fenhexamid was found to be highly effective against all field isolates. EC50 values ranged from 0.02 to 1 μg mL−1 and were distributed unimodaly around an average of 0.1 μg mL−1. M. laxa laboratory strains with moderate and high resistance levels to fenhexamid were isolated after UV mutagenesis. All fenhexamid-resistant strains showed parental sensitivity to carbendazim, iprodione, fludioxonil, pyraclostrobin, flusilazole and prochloraz. Interestingly, some of the mutant strains were also resistant to tridemorph, fenpropimorph and spiroxamine. Studies on fitness parameters of fenhexamid-resistant strains revealed a fitness cost on sporulation and pathogenicity but not on mycelial growth. These results suggest that fenhexamid should be a good alternative site-specific fungicide for the control of brown rot disease caused by M. laxa. However, appropriate anti-resistance strategies should be considered to ensure the successful commercial use of fenhexamid in the long run.
|
Fungitoxicity against highly fenhexamid resistant Monilinia laxa MF-5 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth measured at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.5
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Baseline sensitivity of Monilinia laxa from Greece to fenhexamid and analysis of fenhexamid-resistant mutants
Year : 2013
Volume : 46
First Page : 13
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis A, Anastasios Markoglou, George Karaoglanidis, Nikolaos Koukiasas, Thomas Veloukas.
Abstract : Fenhexamid is a hydroxyanilide fungicide with excellent performance against Botrytis cinerea but also effective against Monilinia spp. which cause brown rot disease in apple and stone fruit. A total of 75 Monilinia laxa field isolates were utilized to determine baseline sensitivity while a number of fenhexamid-resistant laboratory mutants were used to evaluate the resistance risk associated with the longevity of the effectiveness of fenhexamid. Fenhexamid was found to be highly effective against all field isolates. EC50 values ranged from 0.02 to 1 μg mL−1 and were distributed unimodaly around an average of 0.1 μg mL−1. M. laxa laboratory strains with moderate and high resistance levels to fenhexamid were isolated after UV mutagenesis. All fenhexamid-resistant strains showed parental sensitivity to carbendazim, iprodione, fludioxonil, pyraclostrobin, flusilazole and prochloraz. Interestingly, some of the mutant strains were also resistant to tridemorph, fenpropimorph and spiroxamine. Studies on fitness parameters of fenhexamid-resistant strains revealed a fitness cost on sporulation and pathogenicity but not on mycelial growth. These results suggest that fenhexamid should be a good alternative site-specific fungicide for the control of brown rot disease caused by M. laxa. However, appropriate anti-resistance strategies should be considered to ensure the successful commercial use of fenhexamid in the long run.
|
Fungitoxicity against moderately fenhexamid resistant Monilinia laxa MF-4 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth measured at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.2
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Baseline sensitivity of Monilinia laxa from Greece to fenhexamid and analysis of fenhexamid-resistant mutants
Year : 2013
Volume : 46
First Page : 13
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis A, Anastasios Markoglou, George Karaoglanidis, Nikolaos Koukiasas, Thomas Veloukas.
Abstract : Fenhexamid is a hydroxyanilide fungicide with excellent performance against Botrytis cinerea but also effective against Monilinia spp. which cause brown rot disease in apple and stone fruit. A total of 75 Monilinia laxa field isolates were utilized to determine baseline sensitivity while a number of fenhexamid-resistant laboratory mutants were used to evaluate the resistance risk associated with the longevity of the effectiveness of fenhexamid. Fenhexamid was found to be highly effective against all field isolates. EC50 values ranged from 0.02 to 1 μg mL−1 and were distributed unimodaly around an average of 0.1 μg mL−1. M. laxa laboratory strains with moderate and high resistance levels to fenhexamid were isolated after UV mutagenesis. All fenhexamid-resistant strains showed parental sensitivity to carbendazim, iprodione, fludioxonil, pyraclostrobin, flusilazole and prochloraz. Interestingly, some of the mutant strains were also resistant to tridemorph, fenpropimorph and spiroxamine. Studies on fitness parameters of fenhexamid-resistant strains revealed a fitness cost on sporulation and pathogenicity but not on mycelial growth. These results suggest that fenhexamid should be a good alternative site-specific fungicide for the control of brown rot disease caused by M. laxa. However, appropriate anti-resistance strategies should be considered to ensure the successful commercial use of fenhexamid in the long run.
|
Fungitoxicity against moderately fenhexamid resistant Monilinia laxa MF-22 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth measured at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.1
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Baseline sensitivity of Monilinia laxa from Greece to fenhexamid and analysis of fenhexamid-resistant mutants
Year : 2013
Volume : 46
First Page : 13
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis A, Anastasios Markoglou, George Karaoglanidis, Nikolaos Koukiasas, Thomas Veloukas.
Abstract : Fenhexamid is a hydroxyanilide fungicide with excellent performance against Botrytis cinerea but also effective against Monilinia spp. which cause brown rot disease in apple and stone fruit. A total of 75 Monilinia laxa field isolates were utilized to determine baseline sensitivity while a number of fenhexamid-resistant laboratory mutants were used to evaluate the resistance risk associated with the longevity of the effectiveness of fenhexamid. Fenhexamid was found to be highly effective against all field isolates. EC50 values ranged from 0.02 to 1 μg mL−1 and were distributed unimodaly around an average of 0.1 μg mL−1. M. laxa laboratory strains with moderate and high resistance levels to fenhexamid were isolated after UV mutagenesis. All fenhexamid-resistant strains showed parental sensitivity to carbendazim, iprodione, fludioxonil, pyraclostrobin, flusilazole and prochloraz. Interestingly, some of the mutant strains were also resistant to tridemorph, fenpropimorph and spiroxamine. Studies on fitness parameters of fenhexamid-resistant strains revealed a fitness cost on sporulation and pathogenicity but not on mycelial growth. These results suggest that fenhexamid should be a good alternative site-specific fungicide for the control of brown rot disease caused by M. laxa. However, appropriate anti-resistance strategies should be considered to ensure the successful commercial use of fenhexamid in the long run.
|
Fungitoxicity against moderately fenhexamid resistant Monilinia laxa MF-8 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth measured at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.1
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Baseline sensitivity of Monilinia laxa from Greece to fenhexamid and analysis of fenhexamid-resistant mutants
Year : 2013
Volume : 46
First Page : 13
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis A, Anastasios Markoglou, George Karaoglanidis, Nikolaos Koukiasas, Thomas Veloukas.
Abstract : Fenhexamid is a hydroxyanilide fungicide with excellent performance against Botrytis cinerea but also effective against Monilinia spp. which cause brown rot disease in apple and stone fruit. A total of 75 Monilinia laxa field isolates were utilized to determine baseline sensitivity while a number of fenhexamid-resistant laboratory mutants were used to evaluate the resistance risk associated with the longevity of the effectiveness of fenhexamid. Fenhexamid was found to be highly effective against all field isolates. EC50 values ranged from 0.02 to 1 μg mL−1 and were distributed unimodaly around an average of 0.1 μg mL−1. M. laxa laboratory strains with moderate and high resistance levels to fenhexamid were isolated after UV mutagenesis. All fenhexamid-resistant strains showed parental sensitivity to carbendazim, iprodione, fludioxonil, pyraclostrobin, flusilazole and prochloraz. Interestingly, some of the mutant strains were also resistant to tridemorph, fenpropimorph and spiroxamine. Studies on fitness parameters of fenhexamid-resistant strains revealed a fitness cost on sporulation and pathogenicity but not on mycelial growth. These results suggest that fenhexamid should be a good alternative site-specific fungicide for the control of brown rot disease caused by M. laxa. However, appropriate anti-resistance strategies should be considered to ensure the successful commercial use of fenhexamid in the long run.
|
Fungitoxicity against moderately fenhexamid resistant Monilinia laxa MF-6 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth measured at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.2
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Baseline sensitivity of Monilinia laxa from Greece to fenhexamid and analysis of fenhexamid-resistant mutants
Year : 2013
Volume : 46
First Page : 13
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis A, Anastasios Markoglou, George Karaoglanidis, Nikolaos Koukiasas, Thomas Veloukas.
Abstract : Fenhexamid is a hydroxyanilide fungicide with excellent performance against Botrytis cinerea but also effective against Monilinia spp. which cause brown rot disease in apple and stone fruit. A total of 75 Monilinia laxa field isolates were utilized to determine baseline sensitivity while a number of fenhexamid-resistant laboratory mutants were used to evaluate the resistance risk associated with the longevity of the effectiveness of fenhexamid. Fenhexamid was found to be highly effective against all field isolates. EC50 values ranged from 0.02 to 1 μg mL−1 and were distributed unimodaly around an average of 0.1 μg mL−1. M. laxa laboratory strains with moderate and high resistance levels to fenhexamid were isolated after UV mutagenesis. All fenhexamid-resistant strains showed parental sensitivity to carbendazim, iprodione, fludioxonil, pyraclostrobin, flusilazole and prochloraz. Interestingly, some of the mutant strains were also resistant to tridemorph, fenpropimorph and spiroxamine. Studies on fitness parameters of fenhexamid-resistant strains revealed a fitness cost on sporulation and pathogenicity but not on mycelial growth. These results suggest that fenhexamid should be a good alternative site-specific fungicide for the control of brown rot disease caused by M. laxa. However, appropriate anti-resistance strategies should be considered to ensure the successful commercial use of fenhexamid in the long run.
|
Fungitoxicity against moderately fenhexamid resistant Monilinia laxa MF-1 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth measured at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.1
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Baseline sensitivity of Monilinia laxa from Greece to fenhexamid and analysis of fenhexamid-resistant mutants
Year : 2013
Volume : 46
First Page : 13
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis A, Anastasios Markoglou, George Karaoglanidis, Nikolaos Koukiasas, Thomas Veloukas.
Abstract : Fenhexamid is a hydroxyanilide fungicide with excellent performance against Botrytis cinerea but also effective against Monilinia spp. which cause brown rot disease in apple and stone fruit. A total of 75 Monilinia laxa field isolates were utilized to determine baseline sensitivity while a number of fenhexamid-resistant laboratory mutants were used to evaluate the resistance risk associated with the longevity of the effectiveness of fenhexamid. Fenhexamid was found to be highly effective against all field isolates. EC50 values ranged from 0.02 to 1 μg mL−1 and were distributed unimodaly around an average of 0.1 μg mL−1. M. laxa laboratory strains with moderate and high resistance levels to fenhexamid were isolated after UV mutagenesis. All fenhexamid-resistant strains showed parental sensitivity to carbendazim, iprodione, fludioxonil, pyraclostrobin, flusilazole and prochloraz. Interestingly, some of the mutant strains were also resistant to tridemorph, fenpropimorph and spiroxamine. Studies on fitness parameters of fenhexamid-resistant strains revealed a fitness cost on sporulation and pathogenicity but not on mycelial growth. These results suggest that fenhexamid should be a good alternative site-specific fungicide for the control of brown rot disease caused by M. laxa. However, appropriate anti-resistance strategies should be considered to ensure the successful commercial use of fenhexamid in the long run.
|
Fungitoxicity against wild type Monilinia laxa K2 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth measured at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.1
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Baseline sensitivity of Monilinia laxa from Greece to fenhexamid and analysis of fenhexamid-resistant mutants
Year : 2013
Volume : 46
First Page : 13
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis A, Anastasios Markoglou, George Karaoglanidis, Nikolaos Koukiasas, Thomas Veloukas.
Abstract : Fenhexamid is a hydroxyanilide fungicide with excellent performance against Botrytis cinerea but also effective against Monilinia spp. which cause brown rot disease in apple and stone fruit. A total of 75 Monilinia laxa field isolates were utilized to determine baseline sensitivity while a number of fenhexamid-resistant laboratory mutants were used to evaluate the resistance risk associated with the longevity of the effectiveness of fenhexamid. Fenhexamid was found to be highly effective against all field isolates. EC50 values ranged from 0.02 to 1 μg mL−1 and were distributed unimodaly around an average of 0.1 μg mL−1. M. laxa laboratory strains with moderate and high resistance levels to fenhexamid were isolated after UV mutagenesis. All fenhexamid-resistant strains showed parental sensitivity to carbendazim, iprodione, fludioxonil, pyraclostrobin, flusilazole and prochloraz. Interestingly, some of the mutant strains were also resistant to tridemorph, fenpropimorph and spiroxamine. Studies on fitness parameters of fenhexamid-resistant strains revealed a fitness cost on sporulation and pathogenicity but not on mycelial growth. These results suggest that fenhexamid should be a good alternative site-specific fungicide for the control of brown rot disease caused by M. laxa. However, appropriate anti-resistance strategies should be considered to ensure the successful commercial use of fenhexamid in the long run.
|
Antifungal activity against Botryotinia fuckeliana inoculated in strawberry fruit
|
Botryotinia fuckeliana
|
0.05
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Biological activity of the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fluopyram against Botrytis cinerea and fungal baseline sensitivity.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 858
Last Page : 864
Authors : Veloukas T, Karaoglanidis GS.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) constitute a fungicide class with increasing relevance in crop protection. These fungicides could play a crucial role in successful management of grey mould disease. In the present study the effect of fluopyram, a novel SDHI fungicide, on several developmental stages of Botrytis cinerea was determined in vitro, and the protective and curative activity against the pathogen was determined on strawberry fruit. Furthermore, fungal baseline sensitivity was determined in a set of 192 pathogen isolates. RESULTS: Inhibition of germ tube elongation was found to be the most sensitive growth stage affected by fluopyram, while mycelial growth was found to be the least sensitive growth stage. Fluopyram provided excellent protective activity against B. cinerea when applied at 100 µg mL(-1) 96, 48 or 24 h before the artificial inoculation of the strawberry fruit. Similarly, fluopyram showed a high curative activity when it was applied at 100 µg mL(-1) 24 h post-inoculation, but, when applications were conducted 48 or 96 h post-inoculation, disease control efficacy was modest or low. The measurement of baseline sensitivity showed that it was unimodal in all the populations tested. The individual EC(50) values for fluopyram ranged from 0.03 to 0.29 µg mL(-1). In addition, no correlation was found between sensitivity to fluopyram and sensitivity to other fungicides, including cyprodinil, fenhexamid, fludioxonil, iprodione, boscalid and pyraclostrobin. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained biological activity, baseline sensitivity and cross-resistance relationship data suggest that fluopyram could play a key role in grey mould management in the near future and encourage its introduction into spray programmes.
|
Antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani assessed as inhibition of mycelia elongation rate at 50 ppm after 48 hrs relative to control
|
Rhizoctonia solani
|
62.0
%
|
|
Journal : Eur. J. Med. Chem.
Title : Synthesis and antimicrobical evaluation of a novel class of 1,3,4-thiadiazole: derivatives bearing 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine moiety.
Year : 2013
Volume : 64
First Page : 54
Last Page : 61
Authors : Luo Y, Zhang S, Liu ZJ, Chen W, Fu J, Zeng QF, Zhu HL.
Abstract : A series of novel 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives bearing 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine moiety were synthesized by the method of splicing active substructures. Among these derivatives, compounds 12, 13, 15-22 and 24-31 were firstly reported. All the compounds were assayed for antimicrobial activities against five fungi strains and four bacteria strains. The preliminary results indicated that compounds 25 and 28-31 showed good antifungal activities against Physaclospora piricola and Rhizoctonia solani. Compound 26 exhibited good antifungal activities against Cercospora beticola and R. solani. Most of the compounds showed better antibacterial activities against Gram-negative bacteria strains than Gram-positive bacteria strains. Compounds 25 and 28 showed the best activities against Pseudomonas fluorescence while compounds 30-31 showed good activities against Escherichia coli.
|
Antifungal activity against Cercospora beticola assessed as inhibition of mycelia elongation rate at 50 ppm after 48 hrs relative to control
|
Cercospora beticola
|
66.0
%
|
|
Journal : Eur. J. Med. Chem.
Title : Synthesis and antimicrobical evaluation of a novel class of 1,3,4-thiadiazole: derivatives bearing 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine moiety.
Year : 2013
Volume : 64
First Page : 54
Last Page : 61
Authors : Luo Y, Zhang S, Liu ZJ, Chen W, Fu J, Zeng QF, Zhu HL.
Abstract : A series of novel 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives bearing 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine moiety were synthesized by the method of splicing active substructures. Among these derivatives, compounds 12, 13, 15-22 and 24-31 were firstly reported. All the compounds were assayed for antimicrobial activities against five fungi strains and four bacteria strains. The preliminary results indicated that compounds 25 and 28-31 showed good antifungal activities against Physaclospora piricola and Rhizoctonia solani. Compound 26 exhibited good antifungal activities against Cercospora beticola and R. solani. Most of the compounds showed better antibacterial activities against Gram-negative bacteria strains than Gram-positive bacteria strains. Compounds 25 and 28 showed the best activities against Pseudomonas fluorescence while compounds 30-31 showed good activities against Escherichia coli.
|
Antifungal activity against Physalospora pyricola assessed as inhibition of mycelia elongation rate at 50 ppm after 48 hrs relative to control
|
Botryosphaeria berengeriana
|
74.0
%
|
|
Journal : Eur. J. Med. Chem.
Title : Synthesis and antimicrobical evaluation of a novel class of 1,3,4-thiadiazole: derivatives bearing 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine moiety.
Year : 2013
Volume : 64
First Page : 54
Last Page : 61
Authors : Luo Y, Zhang S, Liu ZJ, Chen W, Fu J, Zeng QF, Zhu HL.
Abstract : A series of novel 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives bearing 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine moiety were synthesized by the method of splicing active substructures. Among these derivatives, compounds 12, 13, 15-22 and 24-31 were firstly reported. All the compounds were assayed for antimicrobial activities against five fungi strains and four bacteria strains. The preliminary results indicated that compounds 25 and 28-31 showed good antifungal activities against Physaclospora piricola and Rhizoctonia solani. Compound 26 exhibited good antifungal activities against Cercospora beticola and R. solani. Most of the compounds showed better antibacterial activities against Gram-negative bacteria strains than Gram-positive bacteria strains. Compounds 25 and 28 showed the best activities against Pseudomonas fluorescence while compounds 30-31 showed good activities against Escherichia coli.
|
Antifungal activity against Gibberella saubinettii assessed as inhibition of mycelia elongation rate at 50 ppm after 48 hrs relative to control
|
Fusarium graminearum
|
75.0
%
|
|
Journal : Eur. J. Med. Chem.
Title : Synthesis and antimicrobical evaluation of a novel class of 1,3,4-thiadiazole: derivatives bearing 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine moiety.
Year : 2013
Volume : 64
First Page : 54
Last Page : 61
Authors : Luo Y, Zhang S, Liu ZJ, Chen W, Fu J, Zeng QF, Zhu HL.
Abstract : A series of novel 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives bearing 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine moiety were synthesized by the method of splicing active substructures. Among these derivatives, compounds 12, 13, 15-22 and 24-31 were firstly reported. All the compounds were assayed for antimicrobial activities against five fungi strains and four bacteria strains. The preliminary results indicated that compounds 25 and 28-31 showed good antifungal activities against Physaclospora piricola and Rhizoctonia solani. Compound 26 exhibited good antifungal activities against Cercospora beticola and R. solani. Most of the compounds showed better antibacterial activities against Gram-negative bacteria strains than Gram-positive bacteria strains. Compounds 25 and 28 showed the best activities against Pseudomonas fluorescence while compounds 30-31 showed good activities against Escherichia coli.
|
Antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum assessed as inhibition of mycelia elongation rate at 50 ppm after 48 hrs relative to control
|
Fusarium oxysporum
|
48.0
%
|
|
Journal : Eur. J. Med. Chem.
Title : Synthesis and antimicrobical evaluation of a novel class of 1,3,4-thiadiazole: derivatives bearing 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine moiety.
Year : 2013
Volume : 64
First Page : 54
Last Page : 61
Authors : Luo Y, Zhang S, Liu ZJ, Chen W, Fu J, Zeng QF, Zhu HL.
Abstract : A series of novel 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives bearing 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine moiety were synthesized by the method of splicing active substructures. Among these derivatives, compounds 12, 13, 15-22 and 24-31 were firstly reported. All the compounds were assayed for antimicrobial activities against five fungi strains and four bacteria strains. The preliminary results indicated that compounds 25 and 28-31 showed good antifungal activities against Physaclospora piricola and Rhizoctonia solani. Compound 26 exhibited good antifungal activities against Cercospora beticola and R. solani. Most of the compounds showed better antibacterial activities against Gram-negative bacteria strains than Gram-positive bacteria strains. Compounds 25 and 28 showed the best activities against Pseudomonas fluorescence while compounds 30-31 showed good activities against Escherichia coli.
|
Anthelmintic activity against Trichinella spiralis infected in mouse assessed as reduction in nematode level at 25 mg/kg, po and 25 mg/kg, sc administered 8 hrs post infection
|
Trichinella spiralis
|
0.0
%
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Synthesis of 1- and 2-substituted indazoles as anthelmintic agents.
Year : 1976
Volume : 19
Issue : 6
First Page : 839
Last Page : 840
Authors : Kingsbury WD, Gyurik RJ, Theodorides VJ, Parish RC, Gallagher G.
Abstract : Selective synthesis of 1- and 2-acyl-, alkoxycarbonyl-, and carbamoylindazoles are described. Spectroscopic data which were the basis for structural assignments are presented. These compounds, particularly methyl 2H-indazole-2-carboxylate and N-heptyl-N-methyl-2H-indazole-2-carboxamide, lack the spectrum of anthelmintic activity of the benzimidazole and benzotriazole anthelmintics to which they are structurally related.
|
Anthelmintic activity against Trichinella spiralis infected in sheep assessed as reduction in intestinal nematode burden at 25 mg/kg, po after 7 days post dose
|
Trichinella spiralis
|
98.0
%
|
|
Journal : J. Med. Chem.
Title : Synthesis of 1- and 2-substituted indazoles as anthelmintic agents.
Year : 1976
Volume : 19
Issue : 6
First Page : 839
Last Page : 840
Authors : Kingsbury WD, Gyurik RJ, Theodorides VJ, Parish RC, Gallagher G.
Abstract : Selective synthesis of 1- and 2-acyl-, alkoxycarbonyl-, and carbamoylindazoles are described. Spectroscopic data which were the basis for structural assignments are presented. These compounds, particularly methyl 2H-indazole-2-carboxylate and N-heptyl-N-methyl-2H-indazole-2-carboxamide, lack the spectrum of anthelmintic activity of the benzimidazole and benzotriazole anthelmintics to which they are structurally related.
|
Antifungal activity against Magnaporthe oryzae assessed as inhibition of spore germination incubated for 8 hrs
|
Magnaporthe oryzae
|
6.3
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : J. Nat. Prod.
Title : Bioactive spirobisnaphthalenes from the endophytic fungus Berkleasmium sp.
Year : 2014
Volume : 77
Issue : 10
First Page : 2151
Last Page : 2160
Authors : Shan T, Tian J, Wang X, Mou Y, Mao Z, Lai D, Dai J, Peng Y, Zhou L, Wang M.
Abstract : Nine new spirobisnaphthalenes, palmarumycins B1-B9 (1-9), along with 13 known compounds (10-22), were isolated from cultures of the fungus Berkleasmium sp., an endophyte isolated from the medicinal plant Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by analysis of the 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS spectra and by comparison with known compounds. Compounds 7-9 contain an uncommon 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one unit. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus hemolyticus, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Pseudomonas lachrymans, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Xanthomonas vesicatoria and for their antifungal effects against the spore germination of Magnaporthe oryzae. Palmarumycin C8 (22) exhibited the best antibacterial and antifungal effects. In addition, diepoxin δ (11) and palmarumycin C8 (22) showed pronounced cytotoxic activities against five human cancer cell lines (HCT-8, Bel-7402, BGC-823, A 549, A 2780) with IC50 values of 1.28-5.83 μM.
|
Antifungal activity against Magnaporthe oryzae assessed as inhibition of spore germination after 8 hrs by microscopic analysis
|
Magnaporthe oryzae
|
6.9
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : J Nat Prod
Title : Bioactive Dibenzo-α-pyrone Derivatives from the Endophytic Fungus Rhizopycnis vagum Nitaf22.
Year : 2016
Volume : 79
Issue : 8
First Page : 2022
Last Page : 2031
Authors : Lai D, Wang A, Cao Y, Zhou K, Mao Z, Dong X, Tian J, Xu D, Dai J, Peng Y, Zhou L, Liu Y.
Abstract : Six new dibenzo-α-pyrones, rhizopycnolides A (1) and B (2) and rhizopycnins A-D (3-6), together with eight known congeners (7-14), were isolated from the endophytic fungus Rhizopycnis vagum Nitaf22 obtained from Nicotiana tabacum. The structures of the new compounds were unambiguously elucidated using NMR, HRESIMS, TDDFT ECD calculation, and X-ray crystallography data. Rhizopycnolides A (1) and B (2) feature an uncommon γ-butyrolactone-fused dibenzo-α-pyrone tetracyclic skeleton (6/6/6/5), while rhizopycnin B (4) was the first amino group containing dibenzo-α-pyrone. Rhizopycnolides A (1) and B (2) are proposed to be biosynthesized from polyketide and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways. The isolated compounds were tested for their antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic activities. Among them, rhizopycnolide A (1), rhizopycnins C (5) and D (6), TMC-264 (8), penicilliumolide D (11), and alternariol (12) were active against the tested pathogenic bacteria Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas lachrymans, Ralstonia solanacearum, Staphylococcus hemolyticus, and Xanthomonas vesicatoria with MIC values in the range 25-100 μg/mL. Rhizopycnin D (6) and TMC-264 (8) strongly inhibited the spore germination of Magnaporthe oryzae with IC50 values of 9.9 and 12.0 μg/mL, respectively. TMC-264 (8) showed potent cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines (HCT-116, HepG2, BGC-823, NCI-H1650, and A2780) with IC50 values of 3.2-7.8 μM.
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Antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea assessed as inhibition of mycelium growth at 5 ug/ml after 48 hrs relative to control
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Botrytis cinerea
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94.25
%
|
|
Journal : Bioorg Med Chem
Title : Synthesis, antifungal and antitumor activity of two new types of imidazolin-2-ones.
Year : 2017
Volume : 25
Issue : 24
First Page : 6501
Last Page : 6510
Authors : Wei S, Li L, Shu Y, Zhao K, Ji Z.
Abstract : Thirty-six imidazolin-2-ones, including ten pairs of benzimidazolones and sixteen imidazopyridines, were synthesized and subjected for the evaluation of antifungal and antitumor activity. Compounds 4a-01, 6-01, 6-04 and 6-06 could effectively inhibit the spore germination and mycelium growth of Botrytis cinerea. The relationship between structure and antifungal activity revealed that the introducing short-chain aliphatic acyl groups at the moiety of imidazopyridines is favorable for the antifungal activity, whereas aromatic acyl groups are much better than aliphatic acyl groups for the activity of benzimidazolones except for acetyl. Preliminary SRB assay indicated that 6-01 exerted strong antiproliferative effect against Hela and NCM460 cell lines. Further kinases assay revealed that 6-01 could specially inhibit mTOR among 114 human cancer related kinases. Elisa and Western blot analysis testified that 6-01 simultaneously inhibits the phosphorylation of Akt and 4E-BP1, and 6-01 is a novel mTOR inhibitor which targets on both mTORC1 and mTORC2. This investigation provided a valuable chemical structure for the development of antitumor drugs.
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Antigiardial activity against Giardia lamblia IMSS:0989:1 incubated for 48 hrs followed by compound wash out and measured after 48 hrs
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Giardia intestinalis
|
57.0
nM
|
|
Journal : J Med Chem
Title : Anti-Giardia Drug Discovery: Current Status and Gut Feelings.
Year : 2020
Volume : 63
Issue : 22.0
First Page : 13330
Last Page : 13354
Authors : Riches A,Hart CJS,Trenholme KR,Skinner-Adams TS
Abstract : Giardia parasites are ubiquitous protozoans of global importance that impact a wide range of animals including humans. They are the most common enteric pathogen of cats and dogs in developed countries and infect ∼1 billion people worldwide. While Giardia infections can be asymptomatic, they often result in severe and chronic diseases. There is also mounting evidence that they are linked to postinfection disorders. Despite growing evidence of the widespread morbidity associated with Giardia infections, current treatment options are limited to compound classes with broad antimicrobial activity. Frontline anti-Giardia drugs are also associated with increasing drug resistance and treatment failures. To improve the health and well-being of millions, new selective anti-Giardia drugs are needed alongside improved health education initiatives. Here we discuss current treatment options together with recent advances and gaps in drug discovery. We also propose criteria to guide the discovery of new anti-Giardia compounds.
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Giardicidal activity against Giardia intestinalis incubated for 48 hrs by hemocytometric counting method
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Giardia intestinalis
|
57.0
nM
|
|
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Antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea assessed as inhibition of mycelia growth incubated for 48 hrs
|
Botrytis cinerea
|
0.21
ug.mL-1
|
|
|
Antifungal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum assessed as inhibition of mycelia growth incubated for 48 hrs
|
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
|
13.32
ug.mL-1
|
|
