Antifungal activity against Botryotinia fuckeliana infected in compound pre-treated tomato plant seedlings assessed as tomato gray mold disease control efficacy at 50 ug/mL measured 3 days post fungus inoculation under greenhouse conditions
|
Botryotinia fuckeliana
|
100.0
%
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2009
Volume : 57
Issue : 13
First Page : 5750
Last Page : 5755
Antifungal activity against Botryotinia fuckeliana infected in compound pre-treated tomato plant seedlings assessed as tomato gray mold disease control efficacy at 5 ug/mL measured 3 days post fungus inoculation under greenhouse conditions
|
Botryotinia fuckeliana
|
82.0
%
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2009
Volume : 57
Issue : 13
First Page : 5750
Last Page : 5755
In vivo antifungal activity against Botryotinia fuckeliana infected in tomato seedlings assessed as control of tomato gray mold disease development at 5 ug/ml treated 1 day before spore inoculation measured 3-7 days after inoculation
|
Botryotinia fuckeliana
|
83.0
%
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2011
Volume : 59
Issue : 20
First Page : 11160
Last Page : 11167
In vivo antifungal activity against Botryotinia fuckeliana infected in tomato seedlings assessed as control of tomato gray mold disease development at 50 ug/ml treated 1 day before spore inoculation measured 3-7 days after inoculation
|
Botryotinia fuckeliana
|
100.0
%
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2011
Volume : 59
Issue : 20
First Page : 11160
Last Page : 11167
Fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA assessed as inhibition of mycelial radial growth
|
Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA
|
0.161
mg/L
|
|
Fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA assessed as inhibition of mycelial radial growth
|
Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA
|
0.003
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Effect of doses of fungicides and plant resistance activators on the control of Rhizoctonia foliar blight of soybean, and on Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA in vitro development
Year : 2006
Volume : 25
Issue : 8
First Page : 848
Last Page : 854
Authors : Meyer MC, Bueno CJ, Souza NLde, Yorinori JT.
Abstract : Rhizoctonia foliar blight (RFB) of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] occurs in many tropical and subtropical regions, causing yield reductions of up to 70% and in Brazil, up to 60%. The disease is caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA and AG1-IB, and by AG2-3 in Japan. RFB occurs in the North, Northeast and Mid-west regions of Brazil. Chemical control remains the only effective method of controlling RFB, but its efficiency depends upon environmental conditions. In this study, 18 fungicides, salicylic acid (SA) and acibenzolar-s-methyl (ASM) were evaluated on R. solani AG1-IA in vitro, by mycelial growth rating and estimating effective concentration for 50% (EC 50) and 90% (EC 90) inhibition of mycelial growth, and in vivo by reduction of disease severity on soybean plants in greenhouse conditions. Mycelial growth was strongly inhibited by the fungicides pyraclostrobin+boscalid and fludioxonil. Preventive fungicide applications were the most effective. Strobilurins were more efficient both in preventive and curative applications. Best results with plant resistance activators were obtained with SA (2.5 mM) sprayed at 20 d before inoculation and with ASM (12.5 mg a.i. l-1) 10 d before inoculation.
Fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA assessed as mycelial radial growth at 100 mg/l (Rvb = 40 mm)
|
Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA
|
0.0
mm
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Effect of doses of fungicides and plant resistance activators on the control of Rhizoctonia foliar blight of soybean, and on Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA in vitro development
Year : 2006
Volume : 25
Issue : 8
First Page : 848
Last Page : 854
Authors : Meyer MC, Bueno CJ, Souza NLde, Yorinori JT.
Abstract : Rhizoctonia foliar blight (RFB) of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] occurs in many tropical and subtropical regions, causing yield reductions of up to 70% and in Brazil, up to 60%. The disease is caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA and AG1-IB, and by AG2-3 in Japan. RFB occurs in the North, Northeast and Mid-west regions of Brazil. Chemical control remains the only effective method of controlling RFB, but its efficiency depends upon environmental conditions. In this study, 18 fungicides, salicylic acid (SA) and acibenzolar-s-methyl (ASM) were evaluated on R. solani AG1-IA in vitro, by mycelial growth rating and estimating effective concentration for 50% (EC 50) and 90% (EC 90) inhibition of mycelial growth, and in vivo by reduction of disease severity on soybean plants in greenhouse conditions. Mycelial growth was strongly inhibited by the fungicides pyraclostrobin+boscalid and fludioxonil. Preventive fungicide applications were the most effective. Strobilurins were more efficient both in preventive and curative applications. Best results with plant resistance activators were obtained with SA (2.5 mM) sprayed at 20 d before inoculation and with ASM (12.5 mg a.i. l-1) 10 d before inoculation.
Fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA assessed as mycelial radial growth at 1 mg/l (Rvb = 40 mm)
|
Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA
|
0.0
mm
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Effect of doses of fungicides and plant resistance activators on the control of Rhizoctonia foliar blight of soybean, and on Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA in vitro development
Year : 2006
Volume : 25
Issue : 8
First Page : 848
Last Page : 854
Authors : Meyer MC, Bueno CJ, Souza NLde, Yorinori JT.
Abstract : Rhizoctonia foliar blight (RFB) of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] occurs in many tropical and subtropical regions, causing yield reductions of up to 70% and in Brazil, up to 60%. The disease is caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA and AG1-IB, and by AG2-3 in Japan. RFB occurs in the North, Northeast and Mid-west regions of Brazil. Chemical control remains the only effective method of controlling RFB, but its efficiency depends upon environmental conditions. In this study, 18 fungicides, salicylic acid (SA) and acibenzolar-s-methyl (ASM) were evaluated on R. solani AG1-IA in vitro, by mycelial growth rating and estimating effective concentration for 50% (EC 50) and 90% (EC 90) inhibition of mycelial growth, and in vivo by reduction of disease severity on soybean plants in greenhouse conditions. Mycelial growth was strongly inhibited by the fungicides pyraclostrobin+boscalid and fludioxonil. Preventive fungicide applications were the most effective. Strobilurins were more efficient both in preventive and curative applications. Best results with plant resistance activators were obtained with SA (2.5 mM) sprayed at 20 d before inoculation and with ASM (12.5 mg a.i. l-1) 10 d before inoculation.
Fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA assessed as mycelial radial growth at 10 mg/l (Rvb = 40 mm)
|
Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA
|
0.0
mm
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Effect of doses of fungicides and plant resistance activators on the control of Rhizoctonia foliar blight of soybean, and on Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA in vitro development
Year : 2006
Volume : 25
Issue : 8
First Page : 848
Last Page : 854
Authors : Meyer MC, Bueno CJ, Souza NLde, Yorinori JT.
Abstract : Rhizoctonia foliar blight (RFB) of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] occurs in many tropical and subtropical regions, causing yield reductions of up to 70% and in Brazil, up to 60%. The disease is caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA and AG1-IB, and by AG2-3 in Japan. RFB occurs in the North, Northeast and Mid-west regions of Brazil. Chemical control remains the only effective method of controlling RFB, but its efficiency depends upon environmental conditions. In this study, 18 fungicides, salicylic acid (SA) and acibenzolar-s-methyl (ASM) were evaluated on R. solani AG1-IA in vitro, by mycelial growth rating and estimating effective concentration for 50% (EC 50) and 90% (EC 90) inhibition of mycelial growth, and in vivo by reduction of disease severity on soybean plants in greenhouse conditions. Mycelial growth was strongly inhibited by the fungicides pyraclostrobin+boscalid and fludioxonil. Preventive fungicide applications were the most effective. Strobilurins were more efficient both in preventive and curative applications. Best results with plant resistance activators were obtained with SA (2.5 mM) sprayed at 20 d before inoculation and with ASM (12.5 mg a.i. l-1) 10 d before inoculation.
Fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA assessed as mycelial radial growth at 0.1 mg/l (Rvb = 40 mm)
|
Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA
|
7.1
mm
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Effect of doses of fungicides and plant resistance activators on the control of Rhizoctonia foliar blight of soybean, and on Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA in vitro development
Year : 2006
Volume : 25
Issue : 8
First Page : 848
Last Page : 854
Authors : Meyer MC, Bueno CJ, Souza NLde, Yorinori JT.
Abstract : Rhizoctonia foliar blight (RFB) of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] occurs in many tropical and subtropical regions, causing yield reductions of up to 70% and in Brazil, up to 60%. The disease is caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA and AG1-IB, and by AG2-3 in Japan. RFB occurs in the North, Northeast and Mid-west regions of Brazil. Chemical control remains the only effective method of controlling RFB, but its efficiency depends upon environmental conditions. In this study, 18 fungicides, salicylic acid (SA) and acibenzolar-s-methyl (ASM) were evaluated on R. solani AG1-IA in vitro, by mycelial growth rating and estimating effective concentration for 50% (EC 50) and 90% (EC 90) inhibition of mycelial growth, and in vivo by reduction of disease severity on soybean plants in greenhouse conditions. Mycelial growth was strongly inhibited by the fungicides pyraclostrobin+boscalid and fludioxonil. Preventive fungicide applications were the most effective. Strobilurins were more efficient both in preventive and curative applications. Best results with plant resistance activators were obtained with SA (2.5 mM) sprayed at 20 d before inoculation and with ASM (12.5 mg a.i. l-1) 10 d before inoculation.
Antifungal activity against Ceratobasidium cereale two generation induced iprodione-resistant wheat field isolate HL64R assessed as mycelial growth inhibition in potato dextrose agar media at 25 degC measured after 3 days
|
Ceratobasidium cereale
|
100.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 8
First Page : 1028
Last Page : 1033
Antifungal activity against Ceratobasidium cereale two generation induced iprodione-resistant wheat field isolate HQ31R assessed as mycelial growth inhibition in potato dextrose agar media at 25 degC measured after 3 days
|
Ceratobasidium cereale
|
100.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 8
First Page : 1028
Last Page : 1033
Antifungal activity against Ceratobasidium cereale two generation induced iprodione-resistant wheat field isolate HN49R assessed as mycelial growth inhibition in potato dextrose agar media at 25 degC measured after 3 days
|
Ceratobasidium cereale
|
100.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 8
First Page : 1028
Last Page : 1033
Antifungal activity against Ceratobasidium cereale two generation induced iprodione-resistant wheat field isolate HD10R assessed as mycelial growth inhibition in potato dextrose agar media at 25 degC measured after 3 days
|
Ceratobasidium cereale
|
100.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 8
First Page : 1028
Last Page : 1033
Antifungal activity against Ceratobasidium cereale two generation induced iprodione-resistant wheat field isolate HQ12R assessed as mycelial growth inhibition in potato dextrose agar media at 25 degC measured after 3 days
|
Ceratobasidium cereale
|
100.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 8
First Page : 1028
Last Page : 1033
Antifungal activity against Ceratobasidium cereale two generation induced iprodione-resistant wheat field isolate HN100R assessed as mycelial growth inhibition in potato dextrose agar media at 25 degC measured after 3 days
|
Ceratobasidium cereale
|
100.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 8
First Page : 1028
Last Page : 1033
Antifungal activity against Ceratobasidium cereale two generation induced iprodione-resistant wheat field isolate HQ3R assessed as mycelial growth inhibition in potato dextrose agar media at 25 degC measured after 3 days
|
Ceratobasidium cereale
|
100.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 8
First Page : 1028
Last Page : 1033
Antifungal activity against Ceratobasidium cereale iprodione-sensitive wheat field isolate HL64 assessed as mycelial growth inhibition in potato dextrose agar media at 25 degC measured after 3 days
|
Ceratobasidium cereale
|
0.022
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 8
First Page : 1028
Last Page : 1033
Antifungal activity against Ceratobasidium cereale iprodione-sensitive wheat field isolate HQ31 assessed as mycelial growth inhibition in potato dextrose agar media at 25 degC measured after 3 days
|
Ceratobasidium cereale
|
0.026
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 8
First Page : 1028
Last Page : 1033
Antifungal activity against Ceratobasidium cereale iprodione-sensitive wheat field isolate HN49 assessed as mycelial growth inhibition in potato dextrose agar media at 25 degC measured after 3 days
|
Ceratobasidium cereale
|
0.026
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 8
First Page : 1028
Last Page : 1033
Antifungal activity against Ceratobasidium cereale iprodione-sensitive wheat field isolate HD10 assessed as mycelial growth inhibition in potato dextrose agar media at 25 degC measured after 3 days
|
Ceratobasidium cereale
|
0.05
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 8
First Page : 1028
Last Page : 1033
Antifungal activity against Ceratobasidium cereale iprodione-sensitive wheat field isolate HQ12 assessed as mycelial growth inhibition in potato dextrose agar media at 25 degC measured after 3 days
|
Ceratobasidium cereale
|
0.032
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 8
First Page : 1028
Last Page : 1033
Antifungal activity against Ceratobasidium cereale iprodione-sensitive wheat field isolate HN100 assessed as mycelial growth inhibition in potato dextrose agar media at 25 degC measured after 3 days
|
Ceratobasidium cereale
|
0.024
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 8
First Page : 1028
Last Page : 1033
Antifungal activity against Ceratobasidium cereale iprodione-sensitive wheat field isolate HQ3 assessed as mycelial growth inhibition in potato dextrose agar media at 25 degC measured after 3 days
|
Ceratobasidium cereale
|
0.015
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 8
First Page : 1028
Last Page : 1033
Antifungal activity against Ceratobasidium cereale wheat field isolate assessed as mycelial growth inhibition at 25 degC measured after 3 days
|
Ceratobasidium cereale
|
0.033
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2011
Volume : 30
Issue : 8
First Page : 1028
Last Page : 1033
Effect on total nonphotochemical quenching in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir at 1.2 to 30 mM measured 7 days post compound application
|
Vitis vinifera
|
None
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Effect on photochemical quenching in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir at 1.2 to 30 mM measured 7 days post compound application
|
Vitis vinifera
|
None
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLX1 assessed as mycelial growth at 0.05 ug/ml at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
21.09
%
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLP4 assessed as mycelial growth at 0.05 ug/ml at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
13.89
%
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLK12 assessed as mycelial growth at 0.05 ug/ml at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
12.78
%
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLK1 assessed as mycelial growth at 0.05 ug/ml at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
13.66
%
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLC2 assessed as mycelial growth at 0.05 ug/ml at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
18.3
%
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
Effect on maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry after dark-adaptation in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir at 1.2 to 30 mM measured 7 days post compound application
|
Vitis vinifera
|
None
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as reduction in Hill reaction activity 6 mM measured 7 days post compound application relative to untreated control
|
Vitis vinifera
|
36.0
%
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as reduction in relative quantum yield of photo system 2 at 6 mM measured 7 days post compound application relative to untreated control
|
Vitis vinifera
|
7.0
%
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as reduction in relative quantum yield of photo system 2 at 30 mM measured 7 days post compound application relative to untreated control
|
Vitis vinifera
|
10.0
%
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as reduction in relative quantum yield of photo system 2 at 1.2 mM measured 7 days post compound application relative to untreated control
|
Vitis vinifera
|
10.0
%
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as increase in mitochondrial respiration in the light at 30 mM measured 7 days post compound application relative to untreated control
|
Vitis vinifera
|
3.5
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as increase in CO2 compensation point at 30 mM measured 7 days post compound application relative to untreated control
|
Vitis vinifera
|
3.3
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as increase in ratio of apparent quantum yield of photo system 2 to apparent quantum yield yield of CO2 fixation at 1.2 to 30 mM measured 7 days post compound application
|
Vitis vinifera
|
50.0
%
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as change in light compensation point at 6 mM measured 7 days post compound application
|
Vitis vinifera
|
20.0
%
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as reduction in dark respiration at 1.2 mM measured 7 days post compound application
|
Vitis vinifera
|
30.0
%
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as reduction in apparent quantum yield of CO2 fixation at 1.2 to 30 mM measured 7 days post compound application
|
Vitis vinifera
|
30.0
%
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Effect on stomatal conductance in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir at 1.2 to 30 mM measured 7 days post compound application
|
Vitis vinifera
|
None
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Toxicity in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as effect on gas exchanges at 1.2 to 30 mM measured 14 days post compound application
|
Vitis vinifera
|
None
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Toxicity in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as effect on gas exchanges at 1.2 to 30 mM measured 10 days post compound application
|
Vitis vinifera
|
None
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Increase in intracellular CO2 level in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir at 1.2 mM measured 7 days post compound application
|
Vitis vinifera
|
13.0
%
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Increase in intracellular CO2 level in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir at 30 mM measured 7 days post compound application
|
Vitis vinifera
|
20.0
%
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Increase in intracellular CO2 level in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir at 6 mM measured 7 days post compound application
|
Vitis vinifera
|
20.0
%
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as reduction in net photosynthetic rate at 6 mM measured 7 days post compound application
|
Vitis vinifera
|
65.0
%
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as reduction in net photosynthetic rate at 30 mM measured 7 days post compound application
|
Vitis vinifera
|
38.0
%
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Effect on net photosynthetic rate in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir at 1.2 to 30 mM measured 2 to 4 days post compound application
|
Vitis vinifera
|
None
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Effect on intracellular CO2 level in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir at 1.2 to 30 mM measured 1 day post compound application
|
Vitis vinifera
|
None
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Effect on stomatal conductance in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir at 1.2 to 30 mM measured 1 day post compound application
|
Vitis vinifera
|
None
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as reduction in net photosynthetic rate at 30 mM measured 1 day post compound application
|
Vitis vinifera
|
None
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as reduction in net photosynthetic rate at 6 mM measured 1 day post compound application
|
Vitis vinifera
|
None
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as reduction in net photosynthetic rate at 1.2 mM measured 1 day post compound application
|
Vitis vinifera
|
30.0
%
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as ratio of apparent quantum yield of photo system 2 to apparent quantum yield yield of CO2 fixation at 30 mM measured 7 days post compound application (Rvb = 10 +/- 1.7 no unit)
|
Vitis vinifera
|
19.2
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as ratio of apparent quantum yield of photo system 2 to apparent quantum yield yield of CO2 fixation at 6 mM measured 7 days post compound application (Rvb = 10 +/- 1.7 no unit)
|
Vitis vinifera
|
16.3
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as ratio of apparent quantum yield of photo system 2 to apparent quantum yield yield of CO2 fixation at 1.2 mM measured 7 days post compound application (Rvb = 10 +/- 1.7 no unit)
|
Vitis vinifera
|
17.4
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as PPFD-saturated net CO2 assimilation rate at 30 mM measured 7 days post compound application (Rvb = 8.9 +/- 1.5 umol/m2/s)
|
Vitis vinifera
|
9.4
micromol/m2/s
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as PPFD-saturated net CO2 assimilation rate at 6 mM measured 7 days post compound application (Rvb = 8.9 +/- 1.5 umol/m2/s)
|
Vitis vinifera
|
7.6
micromol/m2/s
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as PPFD-saturated net CO2 assimilation rate at 1.2 mM measured 7 days post compound application (Rvb = 8.9 +/- 1.5 umol/m2/s)
|
Vitis vinifera
|
7.7
micromol/m2/s
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as light compensation point at 30 mM measured 7 days post compound application (Rvb = 22.6 +/- 3.1 umol/mol)
|
Vitis vinifera
|
37.0
umol/mol
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as light compensation point at 6 mM measured 7 days post compound application (Rvb = 22.6 +/- 3.1 umol/mol)
|
Vitis vinifera
|
27.7
umol/mol
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as light compensation point at 1.2 mM measured 7 days post compound application (Rvb = 22.6 +/- 3.1 umol/mol)
|
Vitis vinifera
|
19.8
umol/mol
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as dark respiration at 30 mM measured 7 days post compound application (Rvb = 1.6 +/- 0.0 umol/m2/s)
|
Vitis vinifera
|
1.4
micromol/m2/s
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as dark respiration at 6 mM measured 7 days post compound application (Rvb = 1.6 +/- 0.0 umol/m2/s)
|
Vitis vinifera
|
1.2
micromol/m2/s
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as dark respiration at 1.2 mM measured 7 days post compound application (Rvb = 1.6 +/- 0.0 umol/m2/s)
|
Vitis vinifera
|
0.8
micromol/m2/s
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as apparent quantum yield of CO2 fixation at 30 mM measured 7 days post compound application (Rvb = 0.07 +/- 0.01 no unit) umol/m2/s)
|
Vitis vinifera
|
0.04
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as apparent quantum yield of CO2 fixation at 6 mM measured 7 days post compound application (Rvb = 0.07 +/- 0.01 no unit) umol/m2/s)
|
Vitis vinifera
|
0.04
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as mitochondrial respiration in the light at 30 mM measured 7 days post compound application (Rvb = 3.2 +/- 0.5 umol/m2/s)
|
Vitis vinifera
|
12.6
micromol/m2/s
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as mitochondrial respiration in the light at 6 mM measured 7 days post compound application (Rvb = 3.2 +/- 0.5 umol/m2/s)
|
Vitis vinifera
|
3.6
micromol/m2/s
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as CO2 compensation point at 30 mM measured 7 days post compound application (Rvb = 74.8 +/- 12.7 umol/mol)
|
Vitis vinifera
|
267.0
umol/mol
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as CO2 compensation point at 6 mM measured 7 days post compound application (Rvb = 74.8 +/- 12.7 umol/mol)
|
Vitis vinifera
|
82.2
umol/mol
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as in vivo maximum rate of rubisco carboxylation at 30 mM measured 7 days post compound application (Rvb = 42.8 +/- 3.2 umol/m2/s)
|
Vitis vinifera
|
46.7
micromol/m2/s
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLX5 assessed as mycelial growth at 0.05 ug/ml at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
17.5
%
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLP2 assessed as mycelial growth at 0.05 ug/ml at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
16.05
%
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLBO5 assessed as mycelial growth at 0.05 ug/ml at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
11.01
%
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLBO2 assessed as mycelial growth at 0.05 ug/ml at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
17.99
%
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLA1 assessed as mycelial growth at 0.05 ug/ml at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
16.22
%
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
Fungicidal activity against Monilinia laxa isolate MLG1 assessed as mycelial growth at 0.05 ug/ml at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
15.05
%
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : PCR-RFLP detection of the E198A mutation conferring resistance to benzimidazoles in field isolates of Monilinia laxa from Greece
Year : 2012
Volume : 39
First Page : 11
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis AA, Markoglou AN, Ziogas BN.
Abstract : Sensitivity to benzimidazoles in isolates of the brown rot pathogen (Monilinia laxa) collected from stone fruit in central and northern Greece was evaluated and the molecular basis for resistance was investigated. M. laxa isolates were classified as benzimidazole – sensitive (S) or highly resistant (HR) based on their sensitivity profiles to carbendazim. Thirty seven percent of the isolates belonged to the HR phenotype, carried no apparent fitness penalties and exhibited resistance factor values (based on EC50 values) greater than 500. Highly resistant isolates were also less sensitive to the benzimidazoles benomyl and thiophanate-methyl but more sensitive to the N-phenylcarbamate diethofencarb and the benzamide zoxamide compared to isolates belonging to the S phenotype. Fungitoxicity tests with fungicides belonging to other chemical classes revealed no cross resistance relationships between benzimidazoles and the dicarboximide iprodione, the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, the hydroxyanilide fenhexamid, the carboxamide boscalid, the triazole tebuconazole and the strobilurin-type fungicide pyraclostrobin, indicating that a target site modification is probably responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed. Comparison of the β-tubulin gene DNA sequences between resistant and sensitive isolates revealed a point mutation resulting from the E198A substitution of the corresponding protein in all HR isolates tested. An Eco31I restriction site in the β-tubulin gene, which was destroyed in HR M. laxa isolates, allowed the development of a PCR-RFLP diagnostic for the detection of the E198A resistance mutation.
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as in vivo maximum rate of rubisco carboxylation at 6 mM measured 7 days post compound application (Rvb = 42.8 +/- 3.2 umol/m2/s)
|
Vitis vinifera
|
44.1
micromol/m2/s
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as in vivo maximum rate of rubisco carboxylation at 1.2 mM measured 7 days post compound application (Rvb = 42.8 +/- 3.2 umol/m2/s)
|
Vitis vinifera
|
38.0
micromol/m2/s
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as intercellular CO2 concentration-saturated net CO2 assimilation rate at 30 mM measured 7 days post compound application (Rvb = 11.3 +/- 0.8 umol/m2/s)
|
Vitis vinifera
|
12.2
micromol/m2/s
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as intercellular CO2 concentration-saturated net CO2 assimilation rate at 6 mM measured 7 days post compound application (Rvb = 11.3 +/- 0.8 umol/m2/s)
|
Vitis vinifera
|
11.5
micromol/m2/s
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as intercellular CO2 concentration-saturated net CO2 assimilation rate at 1.2 mM measured 7 days post compound application (Rvb = 11.3 +/- 0.8 umol/m2/s)
|
Vitis vinifera
|
11.3
micromol/m2/s
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as apparent quantum yield of CO2 fixation at 1.2 mM measured 7 days post compound application (Rvb = 0.07 +/- 0.01 no unit) umol/m2/s)
|
Vitis vinifera
|
0.01
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as mitochondrial respiration in the light at 1.2 mM measured 7 days post compound application (Rvb = 3.2 +/- 0.5 umol/m2/s)
|
Vitis vinifera
|
3.2
micromol/m2/s
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Inhibition of photosynthesis in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir assessed as CO2 compensation point at 1.2 mM measured 7 days post compound application (Rvb = 74.8 +/- 12.7 umol/mol)
|
Vitis vinifera
|
84.9
umol/mol
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2008
Volume : 56
Issue : 15
First Page : 6761
Last Page : 6767
Antifungal activity against Blumeria graminis in wheat plant assessed as lesion area of the disease at 500 ug/ml after 10 days
|
Blumeria graminis
|
None
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Year : 2009
Volume : 34
Issue : 3
First Page : 161
Last Page : 172
Antifungal activity against Puccinia recondita in wheat plant assessed as lesion area of the disease at 500 ug/ml after 10 days
|
Puccinia recondita
|
None
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Year : 2009
Volume : 34
Issue : 3
First Page : 161
Last Page : 172
Antifungal activity against Pseudoperonospora cubensis in cucumber assessed as lesion area of the disease at 500 ug/ml after 7 days
|
Pseudoperonospora cubensis
|
None
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Year : 2009
Volume : 34
Issue : 3
First Page : 161
Last Page : 172
Antifungal activity against Botryotinia fuckeliana in cucumber cotyledon assessed as lesion area of the disease at 500 ug/ml after 4 days
|
Botryotinia fuckeliana
|
0.0
%
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Year : 2009
Volume : 34
Issue : 3
First Page : 161
Last Page : 172
Antifungal activity against Botryotinia fuckeliana in Kidney bean assessed as Kidney bean gray mold diseased pods in field trials at 200 ug/ml 3 applications at 9 days intervals (Rvb = 21%)
|
Botryotinia fuckeliana
|
None
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Year : 2010
Volume : 35
Issue : 1
First Page : 10
Last Page : 14
Antifungal activity against Botryotinia fuckeliana in Eggplant seedlings assessed as Eggplant gray mold diseased flowers and fruits in field trials at 200 ug/ml 3 applications at 7 days intervals (Rvb = 52.7%)
|
Botryotinia fuckeliana
|
16.8
%
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Year : 2010
Volume : 35
Issue : 1
First Page : 10
Last Page : 14
Fungitoxicity against highly fenhexamid resistant Monilinia laxa MF-2 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth measured at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.03
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Baseline sensitivity of Monilinia laxa from Greece to fenhexamid and analysis of fenhexamid-resistant mutants
Year : 2013
Volume : 46
First Page : 13
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis A, Anastasios Markoglou, George Karaoglanidis, Nikolaos Koukiasas, Thomas Veloukas.
Abstract : Fenhexamid is a hydroxyanilide fungicide with excellent performance against Botrytis cinerea but also effective against Monilinia spp. which cause brown rot disease in apple and stone fruit. A total of 75 Monilinia laxa field isolates were utilized to determine baseline sensitivity while a number of fenhexamid-resistant laboratory mutants were used to evaluate the resistance risk associated with the longevity of the effectiveness of fenhexamid. Fenhexamid was found to be highly effective against all field isolates. EC50 values ranged from 0.02 to 1 μg mL−1 and were distributed unimodaly around an average of 0.1 μg mL−1. M. laxa laboratory strains with moderate and high resistance levels to fenhexamid were isolated after UV mutagenesis. All fenhexamid-resistant strains showed parental sensitivity to carbendazim, iprodione, fludioxonil, pyraclostrobin, flusilazole and prochloraz. Interestingly, some of the mutant strains were also resistant to tridemorph, fenpropimorph and spiroxamine. Studies on fitness parameters of fenhexamid-resistant strains revealed a fitness cost on sporulation and pathogenicity but not on mycelial growth. These results suggest that fenhexamid should be a good alternative site-specific fungicide for the control of brown rot disease caused by M. laxa. However, appropriate anti-resistance strategies should be considered to ensure the successful commercial use of fenhexamid in the long run.
Fungitoxicity against highly fenhexamid resistant Monilinia laxa MF-3 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth measured at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.01
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Baseline sensitivity of Monilinia laxa from Greece to fenhexamid and analysis of fenhexamid-resistant mutants
Year : 2013
Volume : 46
First Page : 13
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis A, Anastasios Markoglou, George Karaoglanidis, Nikolaos Koukiasas, Thomas Veloukas.
Abstract : Fenhexamid is a hydroxyanilide fungicide with excellent performance against Botrytis cinerea but also effective against Monilinia spp. which cause brown rot disease in apple and stone fruit. A total of 75 Monilinia laxa field isolates were utilized to determine baseline sensitivity while a number of fenhexamid-resistant laboratory mutants were used to evaluate the resistance risk associated with the longevity of the effectiveness of fenhexamid. Fenhexamid was found to be highly effective against all field isolates. EC50 values ranged from 0.02 to 1 μg mL−1 and were distributed unimodaly around an average of 0.1 μg mL−1. M. laxa laboratory strains with moderate and high resistance levels to fenhexamid were isolated after UV mutagenesis. All fenhexamid-resistant strains showed parental sensitivity to carbendazim, iprodione, fludioxonil, pyraclostrobin, flusilazole and prochloraz. Interestingly, some of the mutant strains were also resistant to tridemorph, fenpropimorph and spiroxamine. Studies on fitness parameters of fenhexamid-resistant strains revealed a fitness cost on sporulation and pathogenicity but not on mycelial growth. These results suggest that fenhexamid should be a good alternative site-specific fungicide for the control of brown rot disease caused by M. laxa. However, appropriate anti-resistance strategies should be considered to ensure the successful commercial use of fenhexamid in the long run.
Fungitoxicity against moderately fenhexamid resistant Monilinia laxa MF-7 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth measured at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.01
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Baseline sensitivity of Monilinia laxa from Greece to fenhexamid and analysis of fenhexamid-resistant mutants
Year : 2013
Volume : 46
First Page : 13
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis A, Anastasios Markoglou, George Karaoglanidis, Nikolaos Koukiasas, Thomas Veloukas.
Abstract : Fenhexamid is a hydroxyanilide fungicide with excellent performance against Botrytis cinerea but also effective against Monilinia spp. which cause brown rot disease in apple and stone fruit. A total of 75 Monilinia laxa field isolates were utilized to determine baseline sensitivity while a number of fenhexamid-resistant laboratory mutants were used to evaluate the resistance risk associated with the longevity of the effectiveness of fenhexamid. Fenhexamid was found to be highly effective against all field isolates. EC50 values ranged from 0.02 to 1 μg mL−1 and were distributed unimodaly around an average of 0.1 μg mL−1. M. laxa laboratory strains with moderate and high resistance levels to fenhexamid were isolated after UV mutagenesis. All fenhexamid-resistant strains showed parental sensitivity to carbendazim, iprodione, fludioxonil, pyraclostrobin, flusilazole and prochloraz. Interestingly, some of the mutant strains were also resistant to tridemorph, fenpropimorph and spiroxamine. Studies on fitness parameters of fenhexamid-resistant strains revealed a fitness cost on sporulation and pathogenicity but not on mycelial growth. These results suggest that fenhexamid should be a good alternative site-specific fungicide for the control of brown rot disease caused by M. laxa. However, appropriate anti-resistance strategies should be considered to ensure the successful commercial use of fenhexamid in the long run.
Fungitoxicity against highly fenhexamid resistant Monilinia laxa MF-5 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth measured at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.01
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Baseline sensitivity of Monilinia laxa from Greece to fenhexamid and analysis of fenhexamid-resistant mutants
Year : 2013
Volume : 46
First Page : 13
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis A, Anastasios Markoglou, George Karaoglanidis, Nikolaos Koukiasas, Thomas Veloukas.
Abstract : Fenhexamid is a hydroxyanilide fungicide with excellent performance against Botrytis cinerea but also effective against Monilinia spp. which cause brown rot disease in apple and stone fruit. A total of 75 Monilinia laxa field isolates were utilized to determine baseline sensitivity while a number of fenhexamid-resistant laboratory mutants were used to evaluate the resistance risk associated with the longevity of the effectiveness of fenhexamid. Fenhexamid was found to be highly effective against all field isolates. EC50 values ranged from 0.02 to 1 μg mL−1 and were distributed unimodaly around an average of 0.1 μg mL−1. M. laxa laboratory strains with moderate and high resistance levels to fenhexamid were isolated after UV mutagenesis. All fenhexamid-resistant strains showed parental sensitivity to carbendazim, iprodione, fludioxonil, pyraclostrobin, flusilazole and prochloraz. Interestingly, some of the mutant strains were also resistant to tridemorph, fenpropimorph and spiroxamine. Studies on fitness parameters of fenhexamid-resistant strains revealed a fitness cost on sporulation and pathogenicity but not on mycelial growth. These results suggest that fenhexamid should be a good alternative site-specific fungicide for the control of brown rot disease caused by M. laxa. However, appropriate anti-resistance strategies should be considered to ensure the successful commercial use of fenhexamid in the long run.
Fungitoxicity against moderately fenhexamid resistant Monilinia laxa MF-4 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth measured at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.03
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Baseline sensitivity of Monilinia laxa from Greece to fenhexamid and analysis of fenhexamid-resistant mutants
Year : 2013
Volume : 46
First Page : 13
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis A, Anastasios Markoglou, George Karaoglanidis, Nikolaos Koukiasas, Thomas Veloukas.
Abstract : Fenhexamid is a hydroxyanilide fungicide with excellent performance against Botrytis cinerea but also effective against Monilinia spp. which cause brown rot disease in apple and stone fruit. A total of 75 Monilinia laxa field isolates were utilized to determine baseline sensitivity while a number of fenhexamid-resistant laboratory mutants were used to evaluate the resistance risk associated with the longevity of the effectiveness of fenhexamid. Fenhexamid was found to be highly effective against all field isolates. EC50 values ranged from 0.02 to 1 μg mL−1 and were distributed unimodaly around an average of 0.1 μg mL−1. M. laxa laboratory strains with moderate and high resistance levels to fenhexamid were isolated after UV mutagenesis. All fenhexamid-resistant strains showed parental sensitivity to carbendazim, iprodione, fludioxonil, pyraclostrobin, flusilazole and prochloraz. Interestingly, some of the mutant strains were also resistant to tridemorph, fenpropimorph and spiroxamine. Studies on fitness parameters of fenhexamid-resistant strains revealed a fitness cost on sporulation and pathogenicity but not on mycelial growth. These results suggest that fenhexamid should be a good alternative site-specific fungicide for the control of brown rot disease caused by M. laxa. However, appropriate anti-resistance strategies should be considered to ensure the successful commercial use of fenhexamid in the long run.
Fungitoxicity against moderately fenhexamid resistant Monilinia laxa MF-22 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth measured at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.02
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Baseline sensitivity of Monilinia laxa from Greece to fenhexamid and analysis of fenhexamid-resistant mutants
Year : 2013
Volume : 46
First Page : 13
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis A, Anastasios Markoglou, George Karaoglanidis, Nikolaos Koukiasas, Thomas Veloukas.
Abstract : Fenhexamid is a hydroxyanilide fungicide with excellent performance against Botrytis cinerea but also effective against Monilinia spp. which cause brown rot disease in apple and stone fruit. A total of 75 Monilinia laxa field isolates were utilized to determine baseline sensitivity while a number of fenhexamid-resistant laboratory mutants were used to evaluate the resistance risk associated with the longevity of the effectiveness of fenhexamid. Fenhexamid was found to be highly effective against all field isolates. EC50 values ranged from 0.02 to 1 μg mL−1 and were distributed unimodaly around an average of 0.1 μg mL−1. M. laxa laboratory strains with moderate and high resistance levels to fenhexamid were isolated after UV mutagenesis. All fenhexamid-resistant strains showed parental sensitivity to carbendazim, iprodione, fludioxonil, pyraclostrobin, flusilazole and prochloraz. Interestingly, some of the mutant strains were also resistant to tridemorph, fenpropimorph and spiroxamine. Studies on fitness parameters of fenhexamid-resistant strains revealed a fitness cost on sporulation and pathogenicity but not on mycelial growth. These results suggest that fenhexamid should be a good alternative site-specific fungicide for the control of brown rot disease caused by M. laxa. However, appropriate anti-resistance strategies should be considered to ensure the successful commercial use of fenhexamid in the long run.
Fungitoxicity against moderately fenhexamid resistant Monilinia laxa MF-8 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth measured at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.05
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Baseline sensitivity of Monilinia laxa from Greece to fenhexamid and analysis of fenhexamid-resistant mutants
Year : 2013
Volume : 46
First Page : 13
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis A, Anastasios Markoglou, George Karaoglanidis, Nikolaos Koukiasas, Thomas Veloukas.
Abstract : Fenhexamid is a hydroxyanilide fungicide with excellent performance against Botrytis cinerea but also effective against Monilinia spp. which cause brown rot disease in apple and stone fruit. A total of 75 Monilinia laxa field isolates were utilized to determine baseline sensitivity while a number of fenhexamid-resistant laboratory mutants were used to evaluate the resistance risk associated with the longevity of the effectiveness of fenhexamid. Fenhexamid was found to be highly effective against all field isolates. EC50 values ranged from 0.02 to 1 μg mL−1 and were distributed unimodaly around an average of 0.1 μg mL−1. M. laxa laboratory strains with moderate and high resistance levels to fenhexamid were isolated after UV mutagenesis. All fenhexamid-resistant strains showed parental sensitivity to carbendazim, iprodione, fludioxonil, pyraclostrobin, flusilazole and prochloraz. Interestingly, some of the mutant strains were also resistant to tridemorph, fenpropimorph and spiroxamine. Studies on fitness parameters of fenhexamid-resistant strains revealed a fitness cost on sporulation and pathogenicity but not on mycelial growth. These results suggest that fenhexamid should be a good alternative site-specific fungicide for the control of brown rot disease caused by M. laxa. However, appropriate anti-resistance strategies should be considered to ensure the successful commercial use of fenhexamid in the long run.
Fungitoxicity against moderately fenhexamid resistant Monilinia laxa MF-6 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth measured at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.02
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Baseline sensitivity of Monilinia laxa from Greece to fenhexamid and analysis of fenhexamid-resistant mutants
Year : 2013
Volume : 46
First Page : 13
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis A, Anastasios Markoglou, George Karaoglanidis, Nikolaos Koukiasas, Thomas Veloukas.
Abstract : Fenhexamid is a hydroxyanilide fungicide with excellent performance against Botrytis cinerea but also effective against Monilinia spp. which cause brown rot disease in apple and stone fruit. A total of 75 Monilinia laxa field isolates were utilized to determine baseline sensitivity while a number of fenhexamid-resistant laboratory mutants were used to evaluate the resistance risk associated with the longevity of the effectiveness of fenhexamid. Fenhexamid was found to be highly effective against all field isolates. EC50 values ranged from 0.02 to 1 μg mL−1 and were distributed unimodaly around an average of 0.1 μg mL−1. M. laxa laboratory strains with moderate and high resistance levels to fenhexamid were isolated after UV mutagenesis. All fenhexamid-resistant strains showed parental sensitivity to carbendazim, iprodione, fludioxonil, pyraclostrobin, flusilazole and prochloraz. Interestingly, some of the mutant strains were also resistant to tridemorph, fenpropimorph and spiroxamine. Studies on fitness parameters of fenhexamid-resistant strains revealed a fitness cost on sporulation and pathogenicity but not on mycelial growth. These results suggest that fenhexamid should be a good alternative site-specific fungicide for the control of brown rot disease caused by M. laxa. However, appropriate anti-resistance strategies should be considered to ensure the successful commercial use of fenhexamid in the long run.
Fungitoxicity against moderately fenhexamid resistant Monilinia laxa MF-1 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth measured at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.02
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Baseline sensitivity of Monilinia laxa from Greece to fenhexamid and analysis of fenhexamid-resistant mutants
Year : 2013
Volume : 46
First Page : 13
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis A, Anastasios Markoglou, George Karaoglanidis, Nikolaos Koukiasas, Thomas Veloukas.
Abstract : Fenhexamid is a hydroxyanilide fungicide with excellent performance against Botrytis cinerea but also effective against Monilinia spp. which cause brown rot disease in apple and stone fruit. A total of 75 Monilinia laxa field isolates were utilized to determine baseline sensitivity while a number of fenhexamid-resistant laboratory mutants were used to evaluate the resistance risk associated with the longevity of the effectiveness of fenhexamid. Fenhexamid was found to be highly effective against all field isolates. EC50 values ranged from 0.02 to 1 μg mL−1 and were distributed unimodaly around an average of 0.1 μg mL−1. M. laxa laboratory strains with moderate and high resistance levels to fenhexamid were isolated after UV mutagenesis. All fenhexamid-resistant strains showed parental sensitivity to carbendazim, iprodione, fludioxonil, pyraclostrobin, flusilazole and prochloraz. Interestingly, some of the mutant strains were also resistant to tridemorph, fenpropimorph and spiroxamine. Studies on fitness parameters of fenhexamid-resistant strains revealed a fitness cost on sporulation and pathogenicity but not on mycelial growth. These results suggest that fenhexamid should be a good alternative site-specific fungicide for the control of brown rot disease caused by M. laxa. However, appropriate anti-resistance strategies should be considered to ensure the successful commercial use of fenhexamid in the long run.
Fungitoxicity against wild type Monilinia laxa K2 assessed as reduction in mycelial growth measured at 25 degC after 4 days
|
Monilinia laxa
|
0.01
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Title : Baseline sensitivity of Monilinia laxa from Greece to fenhexamid and analysis of fenhexamid-resistant mutants
Year : 2013
Volume : 46
First Page : 13
Last Page : 17
Authors : Malandrakis A, Anastasios Markoglou, George Karaoglanidis, Nikolaos Koukiasas, Thomas Veloukas.
Abstract : Fenhexamid is a hydroxyanilide fungicide with excellent performance against Botrytis cinerea but also effective against Monilinia spp. which cause brown rot disease in apple and stone fruit. A total of 75 Monilinia laxa field isolates were utilized to determine baseline sensitivity while a number of fenhexamid-resistant laboratory mutants were used to evaluate the resistance risk associated with the longevity of the effectiveness of fenhexamid. Fenhexamid was found to be highly effective against all field isolates. EC50 values ranged from 0.02 to 1 μg mL−1 and were distributed unimodaly around an average of 0.1 μg mL−1. M. laxa laboratory strains with moderate and high resistance levels to fenhexamid were isolated after UV mutagenesis. All fenhexamid-resistant strains showed parental sensitivity to carbendazim, iprodione, fludioxonil, pyraclostrobin, flusilazole and prochloraz. Interestingly, some of the mutant strains were also resistant to tridemorph, fenpropimorph and spiroxamine. Studies on fitness parameters of fenhexamid-resistant strains revealed a fitness cost on sporulation and pathogenicity but not on mycelial growth. These results suggest that fenhexamid should be a good alternative site-specific fungicide for the control of brown rot disease caused by M. laxa. However, appropriate anti-resistance strategies should be considered to ensure the successful commercial use of fenhexamid in the long run.
Antifungal activity against Botryotinia fuckeliana inoculated in strawberry fruit
|
Botryotinia fuckeliana
|
0.003
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Biological activity of the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fluopyram against Botrytis cinerea and fungal baseline sensitivity.
Year : 2012
Volume : 68
Issue : 6
First Page : 858
Last Page : 864
Authors : Veloukas T, Karaoglanidis GS.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) constitute a fungicide class with increasing relevance in crop protection. These fungicides could play a crucial role in successful management of grey mould disease. In the present study the effect of fluopyram, a novel SDHI fungicide, on several developmental stages of Botrytis cinerea was determined in vitro, and the protective and curative activity against the pathogen was determined on strawberry fruit. Furthermore, fungal baseline sensitivity was determined in a set of 192 pathogen isolates. RESULTS: Inhibition of germ tube elongation was found to be the most sensitive growth stage affected by fluopyram, while mycelial growth was found to be the least sensitive growth stage. Fluopyram provided excellent protective activity against B. cinerea when applied at 100 µg mL(-1) 96, 48 or 24 h before the artificial inoculation of the strawberry fruit. Similarly, fluopyram showed a high curative activity when it was applied at 100 µg mL(-1) 24 h post-inoculation, but, when applications were conducted 48 or 96 h post-inoculation, disease control efficacy was modest or low. The measurement of baseline sensitivity showed that it was unimodal in all the populations tested. The individual EC(50) values for fluopyram ranged from 0.03 to 0.29 µg mL(-1). In addition, no correlation was found between sensitivity to fluopyram and sensitivity to other fungicides, including cyprodinil, fenhexamid, fludioxonil, iprodione, boscalid and pyraclostrobin. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained biological activity, baseline sensitivity and cross-resistance relationship data suggest that fluopyram could play a key role in grey mould management in the near future and encourage its introduction into spray programmes.