Pesticidal activity against Tetranychus cinnabarinus (carmine spider mite) third- instar larvae grown on Phaseolus vulgaris leaves assessed as pest mortality measured 48 hr post compound exposure
|
Tetranychus cinnabarinus
|
5.5
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2012
Volume : 60
Issue : 44
First Page : 10942
Last Page : 10951
Pesticidal activity against Tetranychus cinnabarinus (carmine spider mite) third- instar larvae grown on Phaseolus vulgaris leaves assessed as pest mortality at 25 mg/L measured 48 hr post compound exposure
|
Tetranychus cinnabarinus
|
97.7
%
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2012
Volume : 60
Issue : 44
First Page : 10942
Last Page : 10951
Pesticidal activity against Tetranychus cinnabarinus (carmine spider mite) third- instar larvae grown on Phaseolus vulgaris leaves assessed as pest mortality at 100 mg/L measured 48 hr post compound exposure
|
Tetranychus cinnabarinus
|
100.0
%
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2012
Volume : 60
Issue : 44
First Page : 10942
Last Page : 10951
Pesticidal activity against Tetranychus cinnabarinus (carmine spider mite) third- instar larvae grown on Phaseolus vulgaris leaves assessed as pest mortality at 400 mg/L measured 48 hr post compound exposure
|
Tetranychus cinnabarinus
|
100.0
%
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2012
Volume : 60
Issue : 44
First Page : 10942
Last Page : 10951
Pesticidal activity against Tetranychus cinnabarinus (carmine spider mite) third- instar larvae grown on Phaseolus vulgaris leaves assessed as pest mortality at 50 mg/L measured 48 hr post compound exposure
|
Tetranychus cinnabarinus
|
100.0
%
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2012
Volume : 60
Issue : 44
First Page : 10942
Last Page : 10951
Pesticidal activity against Tetranychus cinnabarinus (carmine spider mite) third- instar larvae grown on Phaseolus vulgaris leaves assessed as pest mortality at 200 mg/L measured 48 hr post compound exposure
|
Tetranychus cinnabarinus
|
100.0
%
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2012
Volume : 60
Issue : 44
First Page : 10942
Last Page : 10951
Adulticidal activity against female Bemisia tabaci biotype B (sweet potato whitefly) in cucumber leaves assessed as residual contact toxicity treated for 30 secs before adult insect infestation measured after 24 hr by leaf dip bioassay
|
Bemisia tabaci
|
129.2
ppm
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2011
Volume : 59
Issue : 15
First Page : 8193
Last Page : 8198
Biotype susceptibility ratio, ratio of LC50 for female adult Bemisia tabaci biotype Q (sweet potato whitefly) to LC50 for female adult Bemisia tabaci biotype B
|
Bemisia tabaci
|
1.6
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2011
Volume : 59
Issue : 15
First Page : 8193
Last Page : 8198
Adulticidal activity against female Bemisia tabaci biotype Q (sweet potato whitefly) in cucumber leaves assessed as residual contact toxicity treated for 30 secs before adult insect infestation measured after 24 hr by leaf dip bioassay
|
Bemisia tabaci
|
210.9
ppm
|
|
Journal : J Agric Food Chem
Year : 2011
Volume : 59
Issue : 15
First Page : 8193
Last Page : 8198
Resistance ratio, ratio of LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) greenhouse population TU7 to LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae laboratory strain SAMB measured after 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
34.0
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Resistance ratio, ratio of LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) greenhouse population TU11 to LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae laboratory strain SAMB measured after 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
39.0
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Resistance ratio, ratio of LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) greenhouse population TU9 to LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae laboratory strain SAMB measured after 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
26.0
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Resistance ratio, ratio of LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) field population TU4 to LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae laboratory strain SAMB measured after 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
4.0
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Resistance ratio, ratio of LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) greenhouse population TU3 to LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae laboratory strain SAMB measured after 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
18.0
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Resistance ratio, ratio of LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) field population TU12 to LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae laboratory strain SAMB measured after 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
9.8
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Resistance ratio, ratio of LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) greenhouse population TU5 to LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae laboratory strain SAMB measured after 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
5.9
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Resistance ratio, ratio of LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) field population TU2 to LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae laboratory strain SAMB measured after 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
11.0
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Resistance ratio, ratio of LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) greenhouse population TU1 to LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae laboratory strain SAMB measured after 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
4.5
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Resistance ratio, ratio of LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) field population TU6 to LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae laboratory strain SAMB measured after 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
2.6
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Resistance ratio, ratio of LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) laboratory strain GSS to LC50 for adult Tetranychus urticae laboratory strain SAMB measured after 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
0.7
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Acaricidal activity against adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) greenhouse population TU7 in bean leaves assessed as mortality applied at 1 bar pressure measured after 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
221.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Acaricidal activity against adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) greenhouse population TU11 in bean leaves assessed as mortality applied at 1 bar pressure measured after 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
248.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Acaricidal activity against adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) greenhouse population TU9 in bean leaves assessed as mortality applied at 1 bar pressure measured after 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
166.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Acaricidal activity against adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) field population TU4 in bean leaves assessed as mortality applied at 1 bar pressure measured after 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
26.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Acaricidal activity against adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) greenhouse population TU3 in bean leaves assessed as mortality applied at 1 bar pressure measured after 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
117.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Acaricidal activity against adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) field population TU12 in bean leaves assessed as mortality applied at 1 bar pressure measured after 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
62.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Acaricidal activity against adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) greenhouse population TU5 in bean leaves assessed as mortality applied at 1 bar pressure measured after 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
38.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Acaricidal activity against adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) field population TU2 in bean leaves assessed as mortality applied at 1 bar pressure measured after 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
71.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Acaricidal activity against adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) greenhouse population TU1 in bean leaves assessed as mortality applied at 1 bar pressure measured after 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
29.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Acaricidal activity against adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) field population TU6 in bean leaves assessed as mortality applied at 1 bar pressure measured after 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
16.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Acaricidal activity against adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) laboratory strain GSS in bean leaves assessed as mortality applied at 1 bar pressure measured after 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
4.4
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Acaricidal activity against adult Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) laboratory strain SAMB in bean leaves assessed as mortality applied at 1 bar pressure measured after 24 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
6.4
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2012
Volume : 42
First Page : 305
Last Page : 311
Acaricidal activity against Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) infested kidney bean leaves assessed as decrease in reproduction of survivors applied as spray after 9 days
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
49880.7
ppm
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2006
Volume : 25
Issue : 6
First Page : 542
Last Page : 548
Acaricidal activity against Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) infested kidney bean leaves assessed as decrease in reproduction of survivors applied as spray after 7 days
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
19425.1
ppm
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2006
Volume : 25
Issue : 6
First Page : 542
Last Page : 548
Acaricidal activity against Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) infested kidney bean leaves assessed as decrease in reproduction of survivors applied as spray after 5 days
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
19439.6
ppm
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2006
Volume : 25
Issue : 6
First Page : 542
Last Page : 548
Acaricidal activity against Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) infested kidney bean leaves assessed as decrease in reproduction of survivors applied as spray after 3 days
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
19162.1
ppm
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2006
Volume : 25
Issue : 6
First Page : 542
Last Page : 548
Acaricidal activity against Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) infested kidney bean leaves assessed as decrease in immature production at 2101 ppm applied as spray after 3 to 6 days
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
None
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2006
Volume : 25
Issue : 6
First Page : 542
Last Page : 548
Acaricidal activity against Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) infested kidney bean leaves assessed as decrease in egg production applied as spray after 3 to 6 days
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
None
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2006
Volume : 25
Issue : 6
First Page : 542
Last Page : 548
Acaricidal activity against Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) infested kidney bean leaves assessed as decrease in survival at 2101.3 to 20446.5 ppm applied as spray after 3 days relative to control
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
None
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2006
Volume : 25
Issue : 6
First Page : 542
Last Page : 548
Acaricidal activity against Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) infested kidney bean leaves assessed as decrease in reproduction of survivors applied as spray after 1 day
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
9118.1
ppm
|
|
Journal : Crop Protection
Year : 2006
Volume : 25
Issue : 6
First Page : 542
Last Page : 548
Acaricidal activity against Tetranychus kanzawai in kidney bean leaf surface after 48 hr
|
Tetranychus kanzawai
|
33.7
ppm
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Year : 2001
Volume : 26
Issue : 2
First Page : 121
Last Page : 126
Acaricidal activity against Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) in kidney bean leaf surface after 48 hr
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
34.5
ppm
|
|
Journal : J Pesticide Sci
Year : 2001
Volume : 26
Issue : 2
First Page : 121
Last Page : 126
n-octanol-water distribution coefficient, log KOW of the compound
|
None
|
6.37
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
Toxicity against worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) assessed as reduction in reproduction at 75 mg a.i./l, po administered through pollen for 11 weeks measured once a week for 11 weeks
|
Bombus terrestris
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
Toxicity against worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) assessed as reduction in reproduction at 75 mg a.i./l, po administered through sugar water for 11 weeks measured once a week for 11 weeks relative to control
|
Bombus terrestris
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
Contact toxicity against worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) assessed as reduction in reproduction at 75 mg a.i./l applied on the dorsal thorax for 11 weeks measured once a week for 11 weeks relative to control
|
Bombus terrestris
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
Toxicity against worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) assessed as mortality at 75 mg a.i./l, po administered through pollen for 11 weeks measured everyday for 3 days followed by once a week for 11 weeks
|
Bombus terrestris
|
90.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
Toxicity against worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) assessed as mortality at 75 mg a.i./l, po administered through sugar water measured after 9 to 11 weeks
|
Bombus terrestris
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
Toxicity against worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) assessed as mortality at 75 mg a.i./l, po administered through sugar water for 11 weeks measured everyday for 3 days followed by once a week for 11 weeks
|
Bombus terrestris
|
95.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
Contact toxicity against worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) assessed as mortality at 75 mg a.i./l applied on the dorsal thorax measured up to 1 week
|
Bombus terrestris
|
None
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
Contact toxicity against worker Bombus terrestris (bumblebee) assessed as mortality at 75 mg a.i./l applied on the dorsal thorax for 11 weeks measured everyday for 3 days followed by once a week for 11 weeks
|
Bombus terrestris
|
50.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Compatibility of traditional and novel acaricides with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): a first laboratory assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects.
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 7
First Page : 786
Last Page : 793
Authors : Besard L, Mommaerts V, Vandeven J, Cuvelier X, Sterk G, Smagghe G.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: This project assessed the potential hazards of different classical and novel acaricides against an important non-target and beneficial insect for the pollination of wild flowers and cultivated crops, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L). Twenty-three acaricides used commercially in the control of phytophagous mites (Acari) were tested in greenhouses and/or the open field. Side effects included acute mortality and also sublethal effects on nest reproduction. The different compounds were administered in the laboratory via three different worst-case field scenario routes of exposure: dermal contact and orally via the drinking of treated sugar water and via treated pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC), and, when strong lethal effects were observed, a dose-response assay with a dilution series of the MFRC was undertaken to calculate LC(50) values. RESULTS: From the different acaricide classes, several chemistries caused high levels of acute toxicity in bumblebee workers, especially bifenthrin and abamectin which resulted in 100% mortality by contact. In addition, several acaricides tested were found to have a detrimental effect on drone production. For oral exposures via treated sugar water, the dose-response assay showed the LC(50) values for abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole to be 1/15 MFRC (1.17 mg AI L(-1)), 1/10 MFRC (9.6 mg AI L(-1)), 1/83 MFRC (0.36 mg AI L(-1)) and 1/13 MFRC (4.4 mg AI L(-1)) respectively, indicating that their use should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results suggest that most of the acaricides tested are compatible with bumblebees, with the exceptions of abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin and etoxazole. However, the risks also depended on the type of treatment. As a result, the sugar water treatment seems to present the worst-case situation of exposure, indicating that this approach is suitable for determining the hazards of pesticides against bumblebees. Finally, it is suggested that future tier testing under more field-related conditions is required for a final decision of their risks.
Resistance ratio of LC50 for spirodiclofen-resistant Tetranychus urticae SR-VP (two-spotted spider mite) adults to LC50 for spirodiclofen-susceptible Tetranychus urticae LS-VL (two-spotted spider mite) adults
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
0.9
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Genetic and biochemical analysis of a laboratory-selected spirodiclofen-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae).
Year : 2009
Volume : 65
Issue : 4
First Page : 358
Last Page : 366
Authors : Van Pottelberge S, Van Leeuwen T, Khajehali J, Tirry L.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Spirodiclofen is a selective, non-systemic acaricide from the new chemical class of tetronic acid derivatives. In order to develop strategies to minimise resistance in the field, a laboratory-selected spirodiclofen-resistant strain of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, was used to determine genetic, toxicological, biochemical and cross-resistance data. RESULTS: Selecting for spirodiclofen resistance in the laboratory yielded a strain (SR-VP) with a resistance ratio of 274, determined on the larval stage. The egg stage remained far more susceptible. No cross-resistance was found against other established acaricides, except for spiromesifen. Based on synergist experiments and enzyme assays, it appeared that especially P450 monooxygenases, but also esterases and glutathione-S-transferases, could be involved in the metabolic detoxification of spirodiclofen. Genetic analysis showed that the resistance is inherited as an intermediate trait under control of more than one gene. CONCLUSIONS: Resistance to spirodiclofen exceeded by far the recommended field rate. A good acaricide resistance management programme is necessary to prevent fast resistance build-up in the field. Spirodiclofen can be used in alternation with most established acaricides, except for other tetronic acid derivatives. Without selection pressure, resistance tends to be unstable and can decrease in the presence of susceptible individuals owing to the intermediate, polygenic inheritance mode.
Insecticidal activity against spirodiclofen-resistant Tetranychus urticae SR-VP (two-spotted spider mite) adults in kidney bean leaf disks assessed as mortality measured after 2 days
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
135.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Genetic and biochemical analysis of a laboratory-selected spirodiclofen-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae).
Year : 2009
Volume : 65
Issue : 4
First Page : 358
Last Page : 366
Authors : Van Pottelberge S, Van Leeuwen T, Khajehali J, Tirry L.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Spirodiclofen is a selective, non-systemic acaricide from the new chemical class of tetronic acid derivatives. In order to develop strategies to minimise resistance in the field, a laboratory-selected spirodiclofen-resistant strain of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, was used to determine genetic, toxicological, biochemical and cross-resistance data. RESULTS: Selecting for spirodiclofen resistance in the laboratory yielded a strain (SR-VP) with a resistance ratio of 274, determined on the larval stage. The egg stage remained far more susceptible. No cross-resistance was found against other established acaricides, except for spiromesifen. Based on synergist experiments and enzyme assays, it appeared that especially P450 monooxygenases, but also esterases and glutathione-S-transferases, could be involved in the metabolic detoxification of spirodiclofen. Genetic analysis showed that the resistance is inherited as an intermediate trait under control of more than one gene. CONCLUSIONS: Resistance to spirodiclofen exceeded by far the recommended field rate. A good acaricide resistance management programme is necessary to prevent fast resistance build-up in the field. Spirodiclofen can be used in alternation with most established acaricides, except for other tetronic acid derivatives. Without selection pressure, resistance tends to be unstable and can decrease in the presence of susceptible individuals owing to the intermediate, polygenic inheritance mode.
Insecticidal activity against spirodiclofen-susceptible Tetranychus urticae LS-VL (two-spotted spider mite) adults in kidney bean leaf disks assessed as mortality after 2 day
|
Tetranychus urticae
|
156.0
ug.mL-1
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Title : Genetic and biochemical analysis of a laboratory-selected spirodiclofen-resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae).
Year : 2009
Volume : 65
Issue : 4
First Page : 358
Last Page : 366
Authors : Van Pottelberge S, Van Leeuwen T, Khajehali J, Tirry L.
Abstract : BACKGROUND: Spirodiclofen is a selective, non-systemic acaricide from the new chemical class of tetronic acid derivatives. In order to develop strategies to minimise resistance in the field, a laboratory-selected spirodiclofen-resistant strain of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, was used to determine genetic, toxicological, biochemical and cross-resistance data. RESULTS: Selecting for spirodiclofen resistance in the laboratory yielded a strain (SR-VP) with a resistance ratio of 274, determined on the larval stage. The egg stage remained far more susceptible. No cross-resistance was found against other established acaricides, except for spiromesifen. Based on synergist experiments and enzyme assays, it appeared that especially P450 monooxygenases, but also esterases and glutathione-S-transferases, could be involved in the metabolic detoxification of spirodiclofen. Genetic analysis showed that the resistance is inherited as an intermediate trait under control of more than one gene. CONCLUSIONS: Resistance to spirodiclofen exceeded by far the recommended field rate. A good acaricide resistance management programme is necessary to prevent fast resistance build-up in the field. Spirodiclofen can be used in alternation with most established acaricides, except for other tetronic acid derivatives. Without selection pressure, resistance tends to be unstable and can decrease in the presence of susceptible individuals owing to the intermediate, polygenic inheritance mode.
Acaricidal activity against Tetranychus cinnabarinus (carmine spider mite) in kidney bean plants assessed as mortality at 1.25 mg/l after 48 hr relative to control
|
Tetranychus cinnabarinus
|
0.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 1
First Page : 107
Last Page : 112
Acaricidal activity against Tetranychus cinnabarinus (carmine spider mite) in kidney bean plants assessed as mortality at 2.5 mg/l after 48 hr relative to control
|
Tetranychus cinnabarinus
|
12.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 1
First Page : 107
Last Page : 112
Acaricidal activity against Tetranychus cinnabarinus (carmine spider mite) in kidney bean plants assessed as mortality at 5 mg/l after 48 hr relative to control
|
Tetranychus cinnabarinus
|
22.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 1
First Page : 107
Last Page : 112
Acaricidal activity against Tetranychus cinnabarinus (carmine spider mite) in kidney bean plants assessed as mortality at 10 mg/l after 48 hr relative to control
|
Tetranychus cinnabarinus
|
48.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 1
First Page : 107
Last Page : 112
Acaricidal activity against Tetranychus cinnabarinus (carmine spider mite) in kidney bean plants assessed as mortality at 20 mg/l after 48 hr relative to control
|
Tetranychus cinnabarinus
|
57.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 1
First Page : 107
Last Page : 112
Acaricidal activity against Tetranychus cinnabarinus (carmine spider mite) in kidney bean plants assessed as mortality at 40 mg/l after 48 hr relative to control
|
Tetranychus cinnabarinus
|
77.0
%
|
|
Journal : Pest Manag Sci
Year : 2010
Volume : 66
Issue : 1
First Page : 107
Last Page : 112